Uyu Mutemo wa1933 Waizove Wadzivisa Mari Yenhamo
Girazi-Steagall yakaparadzanisa kushandiswa kwemari kubhengi kubva kumabhangi ekutengesa .
Investment mabhangi anoronga kutanga kutengesa kwezvikwata , zvinonzi yekutanga kupa vanhu . Vanoita kuti hubatane pamwe nekuwana. Vakawanda vavo vaishanda padzimba dzavo. Mabhizimisi ekutora anotora mari, kutarisira kuongorora maekiti uye kuita zvikwereti.
Yakapfuura Rini?
Girazi-Steagall yakapfuudzwa neImba yeVamiririri musi waMay 23, 1933. Yakapfuudzwa neSeneti musi waMay 25, 1933. Yakasayirwa mutemo neMutungamiri Roosevelt musi waJune 16, 1933. Chakanga chiri chikamu cheDFR Bata . Yakava chiyero chekusingaperi muna 1945.
Chinangwa
Girazi-Steagall yakanga iri kupindura kwekukurumidzira kushayikwa kwebhisho dzinenge 5 000 panguva yekutambudzika kukuru . Muna 1933, mabhanga ose eUnited States akavhara kwemazuva mana. Pakazosunungurwazve, vakangotipa masentimita gumi emadhora imwe neimwe. Mari yacho yakaenda kupi? Mabhengi akawanda akanga aisa mari mumusika wekutengesa, izvo zvakagumburwa muna 1929 . Apo depositors 'vakawana, vose vakamhanyira kumahombekombe avo kuti vabvise mari yavo.
Kunyange mabhenji ane njere anowanzochengetedza chete chegumi chezvipo pazviri. Vachapa chikwereti kune vamwe vose nokuti vanoziva kuti kazhinji ndizvo zvavanoda kuti varambe varipo kuti vachengetedze vanoisa mari yavo. Mumabhanki anomhanya, vanofanira kukurumidza kuwana mari. Nhasi, hatifaniri kunetseka nezvebhangi rinomhanya nokuti FDIC inochengetedza mari yose.
Sezvo vanhu vachiziva kuti vachadzorera mari yavo kumashure, kazhinji havatyi uye vanogadzira bhangi rinomhanya. Izvo zvakaitika apo Washington Mutual yakavharwa mugore ra2008. VaDosti vakagadzira bhangi rinotungamira nokuti vaifunga kuti vakachengetedzwa ne FDIC.
Repeal
Musi waNovember 12, 1999, Mutungamiri Clinton vakasaina iyo Financial Services Modernization Act iyo yakabvisa Glass-Steagall. Congress yakapfuura kune iyo inonzi Gramm-Leach-Bliley Mutemo pamwe chete nemitambo yepato, yakatungamirirwa nevo republican ivo muSeneti. Bhizimusi rebhangi rakanga raita kuti kubviswa kweGoo-Steagall kubva kuma1980. Vakanyunyuta kuti havagoni kukwikwidzana nemabhizimisi ekuchengetedza dzimwe nyika. Mabhenji akati izvi zvakavadzivirira kuti vasvike pangozi. Vaida kuwedzera kudzoka nekuderedza dambudziko rose revatengi vavo nekusiyana kwebhizimisi ravo.
Munhu wokutanga waibatsirwa aiva Citigroup. Yakanga yatanga kubatana inotaura neVafambi veInishuwarenzi mukufungidzira kweGoo-Steagall yekudzorerwa. Muna 1998, iyo yakazivisa kupindirana kwakabudirira pasi pekambani itsva inonzi Citigroup. Kufamba kwaro kwaive kwakanyatsotarisa, sezvo zvaive zvisiri pamutemo. Asi mabhangi akanga ari kushandisa zvinyorwa muGoo-Steagall kubva muRefag administration . Nenguva iyo chiito chacho chakabviswa, chakanga chisingatongotsiri.
Kudzorerwa kweGoo-Steagall kusungirirwa kwekutsvaga uye mabhizimisi ekutengesa kuburikidza nemakambani ekubata mari. Federal Reserve yakaronga masangano matsva. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichocho, mabhanki mashomanana akashandisa iko reGoo-Steagall kubviswa. Mabheji akawanda eWall Street akanga asingadi kutarisirwa kwepamusoro uye zvinoda mari.
Izvo zvakaitwa zvakakura zvakanyanya kuti zvisiyane . Izvi zvaida kubhadharwa kwavo muna 2008-2009 kuti vadzivise imwe kuora mwoyo.
Ko Glass-Steagall Inofanira Kudzokororwazve Here?
Kudzorerwa kweGoo-Steagall kunogona kudzivirira zviri nani kudzivirira. Panguva imwecheteyo, inogona kusimbisa kukanganisa kwesangano mumabhizimisi emabhangi. Izvi zvingava chinhu chakanaka, sezvo mabhengi aya aisazokwanisa kukura zvakanyanya kuti asakundikana, asi inofanira kutarisirwa zvakanaka.
Kushingaira kwekudzorera Gorozi-Steagall hakuve kubudirira.
Muna 2011, HR 1489 yakaziviswa kubvisa Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act uye kudzorera Glass-Steagall. Kana izvi zvaizobudirira, zvinoguma nekugadzirisa zvakanyanya zvebhizinesi rebhangi. Mabhengi makuru kwazvo anosanganisira mabhizimisi emabhizimisi nemari ekubhadhara mabhizinesi, seCitibank, uye mabhizimisi ekutsvaga mabhizimusi nevanoshandisa mabhizinesi ezvokutengeserana, seGoldman Sachs.
Mabhenji aya akataura kuti kudzorera Glass-Steagall kwaizoita kuti vaduku kuti vadzikwike pasi rose. Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform Act yakapiwa panzvimbo.
Chikamu cheMutemo, chinozivikanwa seVolcker Rule , chinogadzirisa mabhenji 'kukwanisa kushandisa mari ye depositors' yemari inotyisa. Hazvirevi kuti vachinje sangano ravo. Kana bhengi ikava yakakura zvikuru kuti isakundikana uye inotyisidzira hupfumi hweUnited States, Dodd-Frank inoda kuti igare yakanyatsorongedzwa zvakanyanya neFederal Reserve.