Chii chinonzi enzymes? uye zvinoshanda sei?
Kuti unzwisise chimiro uye basa re enzymes, rinokosha kutanga kuti uzive kuti ma enzyme chii chaizvo. Zvichinyatsojeka, enzyme mapuroteni anowanzobatanidzwa mumasero emagetsi ekugadzirisa zvinokonzerwa nekukwanisa kusimbisa mukana wezvinoitika pakati pebio-molecules. Upenyu hwaisazovapo kunze kwekuvapo kwemakemikari.
Ndeapi enzyme uye chii chinoita kuti zvive zvakakosha ?
Mazino mazhinji anowanzokonzera kushandiswa kwemakemikari zvingasazoitika zvakadaro nekuderedza kushandiswa kwesimba kune imwe "inotengeswa" yenhamba yesero.
Mamwe maantimuri anokwanisa kutendeuka zvakare (kana zvinogadzirisa) kubva kune zvaanotungamira zvinowanzotora nekuderedza kushandiswa kwesimba (Ea) kusvika pamwero wekuti zvinopindurwa zvinoshandiswa zvakasiyana-siyana.
Inymei inogona kurega kushandiswa nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzeprotini yekuchenesa nzira . Kunatswa kwekemikirini yekugadzirira kunoenzaniswa nekugadzirisa basa rayo.
Kuumbwa kweEnzymes
Mazimbe emuviri anogona kuva nezviyero zvemakemikari zvichibva kune anenge 10 000 kusvika kune mamiriyoni 1. Molecular uremu ishoma yezviyero zveatomu zveatomu dzeamolekemu. Mumakemiti, izwi racho rinoshandiswa kushandiswa zvakasiyana-siyana nema molecular mass. Mamwe emakemikari ane zviyero zvema molecular izvo zvinowira pasi pezverwe zvakanyorwa pamusoro apa.
Nhamba shomanana ye enzyme haisi mapuroteni asi inosanganisira zviduku zvinokonzerwa neRNA molecules. Kazhinji, ma enzyme yakawanda-mapuroteni akawanda anoumbwa nehuwandu hweprotein sub-units.
Mazhinji enzymes anobatsira kusanganisa pasina rubatsiro, asi zvimwe zvinoda zvimwe zvisiri puroteni chikamu chinonzi co-factor.
Co-zvinogona kunge zvisiri izvo zvakadai seFe 2+ , Mg 2+ , Mn 2+ , kana Zn 2+ , kana kuti inosanganisira organic or metallo-organic molecules dzinonzi co-enzymes.
Maitiro Ezvimene Anotsanangurwa
Masikirusi anotsanangurwa maererano nemaitiro avanoita. Makira matanhatu aya anotevera: oxidoreductases, transfases, hydrolases, lyases, isomerases, uye ligases.
Hydrolases, oxidoreductases, uye transferases ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa yemarudzi enzymes, asi masimbi ezvimisi asara haana kufanana.
Oxidoreductases inokonzera kugadziriswa kweakisidi umo ma electron vanofamba kubva kune imwe molecule kuenda kune imwe. Kudhindwa kunokonzera kutakura kweboka rinoshanda kubva kune imwe molecule kusvika kune imwe. Hydrolase enzymes inokonzera hydrolysis kana kuti iyo inoshandiswa sei zvisungo chimwe chete pazvinenge zvichisvikira kumvura.
Rakase iine maantimisi anokonzera kuputsa kwemarudzi akasiyana-siyana emakemikari nedzimwe nzira kunze kwehydrolysis uye oxidation, kazhinji kuumba hutano huviri huviri kana chigadzirwa chitsva. Isomerases inogadzirisa kushanduka kwemasimba mu mole molecule, zvichikonzera shanduko mumamiriro. Ligase inotarisira che catalysis ye ligation, iyo inozivikanwawo sekusanganiswa kwemajasi maviri, kana zvinogadzirisa.
Mienzaniso yeEmzymes
Doro dehydrogenase isiriidoreductase enzyme inoshandura zvinodhaka kusvika kune aldehydes kana ketone. Iyi enzyme inoita kuti doro risanyanya kudyiwa sezvarinoriputsa. Inotambawo basa rinokosha mukuvirisa.
Aminotransferase ndiyo inoshandiswa iyo inokonzera kucheneswa kweamino acid nekubvisa mapoka emamino.
Glucose-6-phosphatase i hydrolase inobvisa phosphate boka kubva glucose-6-phosphate, ichisiya glucose uye H 3 PO 4 .
Pyruvate decarboxylase is lyase inobvisa CO 2 kubva pirruvate.
Ribulose phosphate epimerase isomerasease iyo inobatsira kukanganisa kwe ribulose-5-phosphate uye xylulose-5-phosphate. Uye, pakupedzisira, hexokinaseis a ligase inobatsira kukanganiswa kweglucose uye ATP ne glucose-6-phosphate uye ADP.