Dzidza nezve bioavailability, kana kuti chiyero icho chirwere chinoshandiswa
Bioavailability chinhu chinokosha chekuyera chiyero sezvo inotarisa mhosho yakakodzera yekusagadzikana kwekutengesa kwechirwere. Mumakiriniki ekutsvakurudza miedzo , bioavailability yechirwere chinhu chikuru chinofanirwa kuyerwa muChikamu chekutanga cheChikamu 1 neChikamu chechipiri.
Kugadzirisa zvachose bioavailability yechirwere kunoitwa kuburikidza nehutachiona hwemafaromokinetic . Ima plasma mishonga yakagadziriswa inorongwa maererano nenguva uye inotanisa kusanganisa vs nguva mushure mokunge uine hutachiona uye husina huwandu hwekutonga. Maitiro asina-intravenous anosanganisira muromo, rectal, transdermal, subcutaneous uye zvinyorwa zvinyorwa.
Chiyero che bioavailability chinomiririrwa netsamba f kana F kana yakaratidzwa muzana. Bhuku rebioavailability chiyero chinoshandiswa kuongorora bioequivalence (BE) pakati pemishonga yemishonga.
Kuti uwane FDA mvumo yekushandisa zvinodhaka, mushandi wezvinodhaka anofanirwa kuratidzira 90 muzana mukati mechivimbo chechibereko chacho kune icho chechirwere chinonzi branded.
Bioavailability ndechimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha mumishonga ekurapa kwezvinodhaka kubva mune zvemishonga kubva apo bioavailability inofanira kuongororwa apo kuverenga madhawiti emigwagwa isingaiti yehutungamiri inoshandiswa pakugadzirisa.
Izvo zviyero zvechirwere chinoputirwa chiyero chekugadzirwa kwemishonga yekukwanisa kusunungura mishonga panzvimbo yekutsvaga.
"Nhamba yakabatanidzwa" inowanzoenzaniswa neimwe yenzira mbiri, kana nzvimbo iyo iri pasi penguva-plasma concentration concentration (AUC) kana iyo yose (yakawandisa) yakawanda yemishonga yakanyanyiswa mumugini inotevera hutachiona hwehutano, "maererano neBoston University School of Medicine. "Ukama huripo huripo pakati pe" nzvimbo pasi pechidzitiro "uye chirwere apo chikamu chechirwere chinoshandiswa chakasununguka nechirwere, uye kuregererwa kwehuwandu (hafu yeupenyu) uye kupararira kwehuwandu hunozvienzanisa nehuwandu uye fomu fomu.
Kunyorerana kwehukama pakati penzvimbo iri pasi pemukati uye mukoti kunogona kuitika kana, somuenzaniso, nzira yekudya inenge iri saturable, kana kana zvinodhaka zvisingakwanisi kusvika kuhutachiona hwemagetsi nekuda, semuenzaniso, kusunga mishonga mumatumbo kana biotransformation mu chiropa panguva yemishonga inotanga kuyambuka kuburikidza ne "portal system".
Zviitiko Zvinobatsira Bioavailability
Kana ichitungamirirwa nenzira isiri yemazuva ano, kushandiswa kwechirwere chechirwere kunosiyana kubva kumunhu kusvika kumunhu. Inogona kuchinjwa nehupenyu uye zvimwe zvinhu zvinosanganisira kana mishonga inotorwa nedzimwe mishonga kana nedye kana pasina kudya, uye kuvapo kwechirwere chinokanganisa maitiro emimba kana chiropa chinoshanda.
Zvimwe zvinhu zvinokonzera kushandiswa kwechirwere chemishonga zvinoshandiswa nemishonga, kushandiswa kwezvinodhaka, zvakadai sekubudiswa kwakasununguka kana kusunungurwa pakarepo, mutauro we circadian rhythm, kushamwaridzana kwezvinodhaka, kupindirana kwezvokudya, chiyero chemetabolism (chiitiko cheine enzyme induction kana kuvharwa nemamwe madhiragi uye kudya ), hutano hwehutachiona hwemimba, nguva yemurwere, uye chirwere chetachiona.
Apo mishonga inotarisirwa mukati, inenge ine bioavailability ye 100 muzana (F
Kana mishonga inotorwa nemuromo, inokurumidza kusvika mudumbu, inoputika uye imwe yacho inobatwa nemukomana muduku.
Kubva pamutsipa muduku, inofamba ichienda kune mhepo yepamusoro yemasuo vasati yasvika kushandiswa kwe systemic. Zvimwe zvezvikonzero zvinogona kudzivirira mushonga kuti usasvike kushandiswa kwe-systemic ndezvimwe zvinodhaka zvechirwere uye chirwere chemuviri wehutano.
Chirwere chakadai se benzyl penicillin hachikwanisi kumira pasi pH inoparadza iyo. Dumbu remakemikari rinogona kuparadza insulini uye heparin.
Zvinodhaka zvinonyanya kudikanwa nehutachiona hazvikwanisi kubatwa nyore nyore nokuti hazvina kushandiswa mumvura, asi zvikuru hydrophilic mishonga - iyo inokwezva mvura - haikwanise kuyambuka-pfumisa-firi membrane.