Genetic Polymorphism Inotsanangurwa
Iko kunonzi monomorphism kunoreva kuva nechimiro chimwechete uye dimorphism zvinoreva kuti pane maitiro maviri chete, izwi rokuti polymorphism ndiro izwi rinonyanya kuzivikanwa mumagetsi uye biology, zvine chokuita nemhando dzakawanda dzejeni rinogona kuvepo.
Izwi haritauri kune unhu hunoenderana nekusiyana-siyana kwakadai sekukwirira (kunyange izvi zvingave zvakakosha).
Panzvimbo pezvo, mapurogiramu anoreva maitiro akasiyana-siyana (ane kusiyana kwakasiyana), bimodal (ane kana inosanganisira miviri miviri), kana mapuroymodal (maitiro akawanda). Semuenzaniso, earlobes inogona kusungirirwa, kana kuti haisi, inenge iri / kana mamiriro uye kwete kufanana, iyo isiri nhamba yakatarwa kana imwe.
Polymorphism yakatanga kushandiswa kurondedzera maitiro ehupenyu anoonekwa, asi izwi iri ikozvino rinoshandiswa kusanganisira cryptic modes dzakadai semarudzi eropa, izvo zvinoda kuongororwa kweropa kunotsanangura. Uyewo, izwi iri dzimwe nguva rinoshandiswa zvisina kururama kurondedzera zvakajeka mazera emarudzi akasiyana-siyana, asi mapurogiramu anoreva kuti mhando dzakawanda dzejena rimwe chete dzinofanira kuva nenzvimbo imwechete panguva imwe chete (iyo isingabatanidzi nzvimbo, nhangemutange kana nguva dzomwaka. )
Genetic polymorphism inoreva kuitika kwezviviri kana kupfuura zvinogadziriswa zvinonzi phenotypes mune imwe nzvimbo yevanhu (muhuwandu hwekuti hupenyu hwemamiriro acho hahugoni kuchengetwa chete nekuchinja kwemuviri). Polymorphism inokurudzira kusiyana uye inoramba ichipfuura kune zvizvarwa zvakawanda nokuti hakuna fomu imwe chete inobatsira zvakanyanya kana kusagadzikana pamusoro pevamwe maererano neshoko rakasarudzwa.
Polymorphism uye Mutation
Kuchinja-shanduka pachavo hakugadziri semapolymorphisms. A polymorphism ndeye DNA zvakasiyana -siyana zvinowanzoonekwa nevanhu. Kuchinja, kune rumwe rutivi, kune chero shanduko muDNA yakasiyana kubva kune yakasarudzwa (zvinoreva kuti kune nguva yakazara inofamba kuburikidza nehuwandu hwevanhu uye kuti kushanduka kwechimiro kunoshandura izvi zvakajairika zvachose kune zvakasiyana uye zvisingaenzaniswi.)
Mumapolymorphisms, kune mairi maviri kana kupfuura akawanda anogamuchirwa uye anotsanangurwa se polymorphism, iyo inowanikwa yakawanda inofanirwa kunge inofanirwa kuva ne1% kana kupfuura muhuwandu hwevanhu. Kana huwandu hwacho hwakaderera kupfuura iyi, iyo yose inotaridzirwa sechishanduko.
Polymorphism uye Enzymes
Gene kugadzirisa zvidzidzo, zvakadai zvakaitwa kumugadziro wegome revanhu, zvakazarura kuti pamusana we nucleotide, geni rakanyora puroteni yakasiyana inogona kuva nekusiyana kwakasiyana mukuenzanisa.
Kusiyana uku hakugadziri mutengo wose zvakakwana kuti uwane puroteni yakasiyana asi inogona kuva nemigumisiro ye substrate chaiyo uye zvimwe zviitiko (zve enzymes), kusunga zvakakwana (nokuda kwezvinyorwa zvechinyorwa, membrane mapuroteni, nezvimwe) kana zvimwe zvikamu nemabasa .
Somuenzaniso, mukati mehupenyu hwevanhu, kune mapurogiramu akawanda akasiyana eYPP 1A1, chimwe chezviyero zve cytochrome P450 zvechiropa.
Kunyange zvazvo mishonga inokonzera ichitenderera zvakafanana nekugadzirisa, mapuroymorphisms mune iyi enzyme inogona kukanganisa kuti vanhu vanokonzera sei mishonga.
CYP 1A1 mapolymorphisms kuvanhu, apo, muexon 7 Isoleucine amino acid inotsiviwa naValine, yakabatanidzwa nekenza yemapapu yakasangana nefodya. Kushandiswa kwemajeni ekunyora mapurogiramu kwaive chimwe chezvakasimba zve deCODE Genetics , kambani yakatarira pakugadzirisa zvinokonzera maitiro ezvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana.
Sources:
Ford, EB 1975. Ecological Genetics (4th ed.). London: Chapman & Hall
Ford, EB (1940). "Polymorphism uye Taxonomy". Muna Julian Huxley (ed.). The New Systematics . Oxford: Clarendon Pr. pp. 493-513. ISBN 1-930723-72-5.
Sheppard, Philip M. 1975. Natural Selection uye Heredity (4th ed.) London: Hutchinson.