Izwi izwi rokuti hydrolysis rinobva pashoko rokuti hydro, iro rechiGiriki remvura, uye lysis, zvinoreva "kusunungura." Muchidimbu, hydrolysis zvinoreva chiito chekuparadzanisa makemikari kana mvura ichiwedzerwa.
Kune matatu mitatu mikuru ye hydrolysis: munyu, asidi, uye nheyo ye hydrolysis.
Hydrolysis inogonawo kufungidzirwa seyakanyatsopesana nemhinduro yekugadzirisa, iyo ndiyo nzira iyo makomera maviri anobatanidza kuita imwe molecule yakakura. Mugumisiro wekupedzisira wekuita uku ndeyekuti ma molecule makuru anotora mamolekemu emvura. Iwe uchagara uchingoyeuka musiyano pakati pezviviri kana iwe uchifunga nezvayo mumamiriro ezvinhu iyo hydrolysis inoshandisa mvura kuputsa chimwe chinhu apo kuregererwa, kune rumwe rutivi, kunokura chimwe chinhu, nekubvisa mvura.
3 Nyaya Dzakawanda dzeHydrolysis
- Sariti: Hydrolysis inoitika apo munyu unobva pachigadziko chisina simba kana kuti asidi inoputika mumvura. Apo izvi zvinowanzoitika, mvura inowanzoita ionzes mu hydroxide anions uye hydronium cations. Iyi ndiyo inonyanya kuwanda ye hydrolysis.
- Acid: Mvura inogona kuita seasiti kana nheyo, maererano neBronsted-Lowry acid theory. Muchiitiko ichi, molecule yemvura yaizopa purotoni. Zvichida muenzaniso wakare zvikuru wokutengeserana wemhando iyi ye hydrolysis ndiyo saponification, kuumbwa kwesipo.
- Nheyo: Izvi zvinodaro zvakafanana nehydrolysis nokuda kwekuparadzanisa kwaro. Zvakare, pamashoko anoshanda, nheyo iyo inowanzoparadzanisa mumvura ndiyo ammonia.
Chii chinonzi hydrolysis?
Mukusangana kwehydrolysis inosanganisira ester link, yakafanana neyo yakawanikwa pakati pemamino acid maviri muprotheni, iyo michina inoguma inosanganisira iyo inogamuchira hydroxyl (OH) boka kubva mumvura molecule uye imwe iyo inova carboxylic acid pamwe nekuwedzerwa kwe iyo proton yakasara (H +).
Hydrolysis Reactions in Living Organisms
Hydrolysis reactions muzvisikwa zvipenyu zvinoitwa nekubatsirwa kwekugadziriswa nekirasi yemakemikari anonzi hydrolases. Izvozvo zvinokonzerwa nehupenyu hwechimiro izvo zvinoputsa mapurogiramu, zvakadai semaprotin (ayo ari peptide zvisungo pakati peamino acids), nucleotides, masukisi akaoma uye starch, uye mafuta anogadziriswa nekikirasi re enzymes. Pakati pekirasi iyi inopisa, amylases, proteinases hydrolyze mafuta, shuga, uye mapuroteni, zvichienderana.
Mabhakitiriya anonyadzisa uye mafungi anoita basa rinokosha mukugadzira pepa uye mamwe mazuva ega biotechnology maitiro nokuti ane enzyme (zvakadai se cellulases uye esterases) inogona kuputsa cellulose mu-polysaccharides (ii.e, mapurogiramu emasikemule) kana glucose, uye kuputsa stickies.
Semuenzaniso, Proteinase yakawedzerwa kushandiswa kwekeroti, kuitira kuti idilylyze peptides uye ibudise musanganiswa wekusununguka kweamino acid.