Inoteverwa neKorea, Germany, United Kingdom, Japan, Mexico, New Zealand uye Belgium inotarisa Top 10.
Zvikwata zviduku zvebhaotech ndiyo mutemo panzvimbo yeiwo, asi 72 muzana yezvikwata zvezvigadzirwa zvebhaotechnology muUnited States dzine makumi mashanu kana vashoma vashandi.
Inotarirwa neHotori Biotechnology D & D Inoshandiswa
Nhamba yefemu ndeimwe nzira yekugadzira biotech nenyika, asi kushandiswa kwemari mukutsvakurudza uye kubudirira kune imwe. IUnited States inopararira muchengeti wayo ari pedyo, France, ne8 kusvika kune imwe, inenge madhora madhora mabhiriyoni maviri kusvika kudarika madhora mazana matatu emadhora mabhiriyoni mugore ra2012. Vamwe vashandi vakuru yeSwitzerland, Korea, Japan, Germany, uye Denmark kune mamwe madhora mabhiriyoni maviri.
Nzvimbo Inoshanduka Inotsvakurudza Nokufambiswa
Kunyange zvakadaro, kutsvakurudza nekusimudzirwa kwehuwandu huwandu hunoona huri kuwedzera muEuropean Union, Japan, neUnited States kubvira muna 2008, uye inongodarika 1.6 muzana yehuwandu hwekuwedzera kwegore negore muna 2008 kusvika 2012. Panguva iyi, China inoramba ichiwedzera mari yayo kuR & D in general , kuwirirana pakati pe2008 na2012.
Somugumisiro, zvinotarisirwa kuti China ichava iyo inotungamirira spender muR & D muna 2019, maererano neOECD. Mushumo wegore ra2012 wakawana kuti mari yehurumende yakanga ichiri kushanda munyika dzakawanda, saka vakanga vasina kukwanisa kuwedzera huwandu hweR & D nehurumende yehupfumi sezvaiitwa pakukwirira kwematambudziko ehupfumi muna 2008-2010.
Maererano neshumo yeOECD yezveSayenzi uye teknolojia, zvakadaro, inoratidzika semufananidzo wemabhizimisi wakatarisa zviri nani mumakore apfuura kune dzimwe nyika dzisiri dzeOECD, kusanganisira Singapore, Brazil, China, India uye South Africa (OECD, 2010).
Kunyange zvazvo Japan inoratidzirwa yechipiri kwezviverengero zvinotarisirwa naOECD, haina kukwirira mumusoro wepamusoro 5 pane zvose zvichienderana nemamwe magwaro uye zvirongwa. MunaAugust 2010, Scientific Amercian yakaronga nyika dzakakwirira kupfuura zvishanu dze "biotech" mu "Worldview Scorecard" seU.SA, Singapore, Canada, Sweden, uye Denmark.
Izvo zvikwangwani zvakagadzirwa kuburikidza vachishandisa zvinotevera: IP uye kukwanisa kuzvidzivirira, kusimba, kunotsanangurwa sekushandiswa kweR & D, kuwanika kwekutengeserana mari uye kutsigirwa, kuwanika kwevanhu vanogona kugadzirisa uye nharaunda yenyika yose maererano nekutengeserana uye zvimwe zvivako. Nyika dzinoita zvakanaka ndeye dzinokurudzira zvakasimba kugadzirwa kwekombiki uye mararamiro ezvokuwana kutsvaga mari yekutsvakurudza.
Kunze kweMhenderekedzo: Global Biotechnology Report 2010, naErnst uye Young, inoratidza kuti China neIndia inonzi nyika dzakakwirira kupfuura dzekuwedzera mari yakawanda yemitambo (GDP) panguva iyo yaitumidzwa seNyika Yose Kudzoka kwemakore maviri akapfuura.
Izvi zvinoratidza kuti China ichakurumidza kuve yechitatu yemisika yemakemikari mushure meU.SA neJapan, uye, sezvo ichitsvaga (isina mari) nzvimbo yekutsvaga, ichaita zvakanaka mumakore anouya. India yakabatsirwawo nekuderedza nekuderedza mari mune dzimwe nyika munguva yekuderera, nekuda kwevashandi vayo vane unyanzvi uye pasi pekugadzira nekutsvakurudza mari.
Sources:
OECD, Yakavandudzwa muna July 2015. http://www.oecd.org/sti/inno/keybiotechnologyindicators.htm
Ernst & Young, 2010. Mhiri kweMakoronga: Global biotechnology inoshuma 2010.