Zvishanu zvezvinowanzosiyana nemarudzi e enzyme uye basa razvo mumhizha yehuchi zvinorondedzerwa pasi apa.
Rennet
Misi ine mapuroteni, kunyanya mabhuku, anochengetedza mafomu ayo. Zvinyorwa zvinokonzerwa nemukaka panguva yekugadzirwa kwechizi, kuwedzerwa kwe-hydrolyze casin, kunyanya kappa casein, iyo inogadzirisa micelle yekudzivirira kudzivirira. Rennet uye rennin ndeyemashoko akadai eine enzyme ipi inoshandiswa kugadzirisa mukaka. Inyanzvi rennet ndiyowo izwi rekugadzirisa kwemhuru yechina yemhuru.
Enzyme yakawanda yakasanganiswa kubva kuRnetnet ndiyo chymosin. Chymosin inogonawo kuwanikwa kubva kune dzimwe mhuka dzakasiyana-siyana, microbial kana mishonga yemiti, asi maitiro emakemikariya (kubva mufungi kana mabhakitiriya) haabatsiri pakuita cheddar nedzimwe nyuchi dzakaoma.
Kushandiswa kwemakemikari emakemikari kwakakonzera maitiro ekugadzira chimiro chema microbial chymosin nekugadzira mhuru prochymosin magenhe mumabhakitiriya.
Bioengineered chymosin inogona kuve yakabatanidzwa pakugadzira kusvika makumi manomwe kubva muzana zvezvigadzirwa zvechizi. Kunyange zvazvo kushandiswa kwemakemikari anonzi bio akadzivirira hupenyu hwemhuru, inopa hutsika nyaya kune avo vanopesana kudya zvokudya zvakagadzirirwa neGEMs.
Zvimwe Zvinyorwa
Misi ine mhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzepuroteni, kuwedzera kune mabheji.
Cow mukaka anewo whey mapuroteni akadai sa lactalbumin uye lactoglobulin. Kuyeuka kweiyi whey mapuroteni, achishandisa proteases, inoguma mu creamier yogurt michina. Kuparadzwa kwe whey mapuroteni kunokoshawo kune cheese yekugadzirwa.
Munguva yekugadzirwa kwechesees dzakanaka, whey inoparadzaniswa nemukaka mushure mekucheka uye inogona kutengeswa semuviri wezvokudya zvekuvaka muviri, kuora muviri, nekuderedza ropa, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu. Ikoko kwakatove nenyaya dzekudya yemarayira emishonga yekenza, uye kuva nechokuita mukugadzirwa kwe insulini yekugadzirwa kwevaya vane chirwere cheshuga chechipiri. Zvinyorwa zvinoshandiswa kubudisa hydrolyzed whey protein, iyo whey protein yakaputsika pasi mufupi shope polypeptide sequence. Hydrolyzed whey haikwanisi kukonzera kugadzikana kwegorosi uye inoshandiswa kugadzirira zvigadzirwa zvevana vacheche uye kushandiswa kwechiremba.
Lactase
Lactase iine glycoside hydrolase enzyme iyo inochera lactose muzvikamu zvayo zvinoshuga, galactose, uye glucose. Pasina kugadzirwa kwakakwana kwe enzyme ya lactase mumucheche muduku, vanhu vanoita lactose kusagadzikana, zvichiita kuti vasakanganise (makumbo, gesi, uye chirwere) mukati mekudya kwekudya pakunwa kwemishonga yemukaka. Lactase inoshandiswa mune zvekutengeserana kugadzirisa ma-lactose-pasina michina, kunyanya mukaka, kune vakadaro.
Iyo inoshandiswawo mukugadzirira kwe ice cream, kuita creamier uye inonaka inonaka chigadzirwa. Lactase inowanzogadzirirwa kubva kuKluyveromyces sp. ye mbiriso uye Aspergillus sp. of fungi.
Catalase
Iyo enzyme Catalase yakawana kushandiswa kusingagumi mune imwe nzvimbo yekugadzira cheese. Hydrogen peroxide inogadzirisa midhijidhi uye inotyisa kune masero. Iyo inoshandiswa pane nzvimbo yekutengesa, paunenge uchiita dzimwe cheeses dzakadai seSwitzerland, kuitira kuchengetedza mukaka wemasikirwo chaiwo unobatsira pakuguma kwekugadzirwa kwechigadzirwa uye kugadzirwa kwechizi.
Izvozvo zvinokonzera kuparadzwa nekupisa kukuru kwekudya. Zvisinei, zvakasara zve hydrogen peroxide mumukaka zvicharambidza tsika dzebhakitiriya dzinodiwa pakugadzirwa kwechizi chaiyo, saka zvese zvayo zvinofanira kubviswa. Zvinyorwa zvinokonzerwa nemakemikari zvinowanzowanika kubva kumakumbo emombe kana mishonga inokwana michero uye inowedzerwa kuchinja hydrogen peroxide kuti mvura uye molexy oxygen.
Lipases
Lipases inoshandiswa kuputsa mukaka wemafuta uye kupa mitezo yakachena kune cheeses. Miti yakasvibiswa yakasimba, somuenzaniso, chetari cheItaly, Romano, yakagadzirirwa kushandiswa. Iyo inonaka inouya kubva kumafuta asina mafuta acid yakakonzerwa kana mukaka wemafuta uchine hydrolyzed. Mhuka lipases inowanikwa kubva pamwana, mhuru, uye gwayana, asi microbial lipase inotorwa nekuviriswa nemafuta emarudzi Mucor meihei .
Kunyange zvazvo microbial lipases inowanika pakugadzira chezi, haisi yakanyatsonaka mumafuta ayo anoderedza hydrolyze, nepo misiki yemhuka inowedzera kusarura kumafuta mashomanana uye akareba. Hydrolysis yemafuta maduku yakasarudzwa nokuti inokonzera kunakidza kunoda kwecheki dzakawanda. Hydrolysis yengetani yakakura mafuta acids inogona kuguma kana sese kana kwete kunakidza zvachose.