Ndezvipi Vecherechedzo Zvavanofanira Kuita NeGenesis uye Kuronga
Mune molecular cloning, vector is molecule yeDNA iyo inoshumira semutakuri wekuendeswa kana kuiswa kune dzimwe nyika geni kana mune imwe sero, iyo inogona kudzokororwa uye / kana kuratidzwa. Zvinyorwa ndezvimwe zvemashoko anokosha ekugadzirwa kwemajini uye zvinonyanya kubatsira kana dzikanyorawo rumwe rudzi rwechiratidzo chegene rinokonzera bioindicator molecule inogona kuyerwa mukuongorora kwehupenyu kuti ione kuiswa kwavo, uye kutaura, muhupenyu hwemhuka.
Kunyanya, cloning vector DNA inotorwa kubva muropa, plasmid kana masero (ezvisikwa zvakakwirira) kuti iiswe nechekunze kweDNA chidimbu chekugadzirisa chinangwa. Sezvo cloning vector inogona kuchengetedzwa zvakasimba muhupenyu, vector inewo zvinhu zvinobvumira kuti kuve nyore kuiswa kana kubviswa kweDNA. Mushure mekunge uchingororwa mu cloning vector, chidimbu cheDNA chinogona kunge chichienderera mberi kune imwe vector inogona kushandiswa nehuwandu humwe.
Mune zvimwe zviitiko, mavairusi anoshandiswa kuparadzira mabhakitiriya. Aya mavirusi anonzi bacteriophages, kana phage, kwenguva pfupi. Retroviruses inyanzvi dzevector dzekuisa majini mumasero emhuka. Plasmids, izvo zvidimbu zvidimbu zveDNA, ndiyo inowanzoshandiswa mavector anoshandiswa kupinza DNA dzenyika mumasero eubhakitiriya. Vanowanzoendesa maantibiotic maitiro emagetsi anogona kushandiswa kuedza kutaura kwe plasmid DNA, pamishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya petri.
Gene inoshandiswa mumasero emichero inowanzoitwa uchishandisa bhakitiriri remumhepo Agrobacterium tumefaciens , iyo inoshanda sevector uye inoisa plasmid yakakura mumusasa weimba. Izvozvo chete masero ane cloning vector achakura apo antibiotics aripo.
Mhando Dzakawanda dzeCloning Vectors
Mhando mikuru mitanhatu yemavheta ndeyi:
- Plasmid. Circular extrachromosomal DNA iyo inodzokorora zvinyorwa mukati memubhedha bhakitiriya. Zvirwere zvinowanzove nenhamba yakakosha nhamba, yakadai sepUC19 ine kopi yenhamba ye500-700 makopi paese.
- Phage. DNA inonzi Linear molecules yakagadzirwa neBacteriophage lambda. Inogona kuchinjwa nedzimwe DNA kunze kwekuvhiringidza hupenyu hwayo.
- Cosmids. Rimwe denderedzwa rinonzi extrachromosomal DNA molecule inosanganisira zvinhu zve plasmids uye phage.
- Bakteria Chromosomes Maitiro. Kubva pane bhakitiriya mini-F plasmids.
- Yeast Chromosomes Artificial. Ichi chromosome inoberekwa ine tereomeres (inoshandiswa muchengeti pamigumo yekromosomes iyo inogurwa panguva yekuparadzaniswa kwemasero) nekwakabva kudzokorora, yembeu centromere (chikamu chekromosome chinosangana nehanzvadzi chromatids kana dyad), uye chiratidzo chinosarudzwa nokuda kwokuzivikanwa mu mbiriso masero.
Human Artificial Chromosome. Uyu rudzi rwevector ndeye iyo inogona kuve yakakosha pakuisa mazai mumasero evanhu, uye chigadziro chekutsvakurudza kwekutaura nekugadzirisa basa rekromosome yevanhu. Inogona kutakura chikamu chikuru cheDNA.
Zvose zvinokonzerwa nemagetsi zvinokonzera kudzokorora (a replicator), nzvimbo yekugadzirisa (iyo inowanikwa apo kuiswa kweDNA dzisiri kune dzimwe nyika hakugadziri kudzokorora kana kusagadziriswa kwezvinyorwa zvinokosha), uye chiratidzo chinosarudzwa (kazhinji geni rinopa kusagadzikana nemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya.)