Chikonzero nei Tichida Utano Hwakanaka Kuchinja
Kudhura kwepamusoro kwakaita kuti hurongwa hwehutano hweUnited States hunodhura zvakapetwa kaviri kuburikidza nemunhu akaenzaniswa nedzimwe nyika dzakabudirira.
Somugumisiro, kuchengetwa kwehutano kwakapa $ 3.2 trillion, kana kuti 17,8 muzana, kusvika kune zvakakosha mumuchengetedzi wepamba . Ndicho chikamu chepamusoro mupasi rakabudirira.
Pane zvikonzero zvitatu zvekuti nei mari yakakwirira. Imwe, yakawanda yemari inobva pakubata vanhu kwemazuva gumi ekutanga uye mazuva gumi ekupedzisira muupenyu hwavo. Kufambira mberi kwakawanda kwakaitwa kuburikidza nehutano hwehutano hunogona kuchengetedza vacheche vasati vasvika uye kuwedzera hupenyu hwekutarisira kwevakwegura. Asi aya maitiro matsva anodhura zvikuru. Dzimwe nyika dzakawanda dzinoisa muganhu kune avo vanogona kuwana rubatsiro rwakadaro. Kana mikana yenzira yekubudirira iri pasi, saka haigoni kupiwa. MuUnited States, kutarisirwa kwakadaro kunopiwa kunyange kana kufungidzira kusina kunaka.
Chikonzero chechipiri chekurwara kwepamusoro kweutano ndiko kukwira kwemhosva dzisina kukodzera. Nemhaka yeizvi, vanachiremba vanowanzopedza-kuongorora, vachiraira $ 1 000 MRIs uye $ 1,500 colonoscopies.
Vanoita izvi kunyange kana vasingafungi kuti vanodiwa. Inodzivirira kuti vasabvumirwe nokuti havana kuronga kuedza kumwe.
Chikonzero chechitatu ndechokuti kune kukwikwidzana kwematengo mashoma mukurapa kwehutano kupfuura mune dzimwe makhizha, zvakadai sekushandisa magetsi. Nokuti vanhu vazhinji havabhadhari mari yekutarisira utano.
Iko mari yakavanzwa. Varwere vanongobhadhara mari yakatarwa (co-pay) apo kambani ye inshuwarisi inobhadhara yose. Somugumisiro, varwere havatengi-kutengesa vanachiremba, maitiro ekuraira kana maitiro sezvavanoda kumakombiyuta kana terevhizheni. Kuti uwane mamwe mashoko, ona Zvinokonzerwa Nekukwira Kwezvinhu Zvoutano .
Kuongorora Nokukurumidza kweUtano Inishuwarenzi
Sezvo utano hwehutano hwakaodhura, vanhu vazhinji vanotenga inshuwarheni yekuvhara. Ndiko kusaka kukurukurirana kukuru pamusoro pehutano hwekugadzirisa hutano kunotarisana nekuita unhuwarisi huripo. Inishuwarenzi inoshanda nekubhadhara mari yemwedzi. Izvi zvinonziwo premium. Mukudzoka, inopikira iyo inshurensi mubhadharo kana chero chirwere chekurapa chichiitika.
Makambani emishuwarenzi ehutano hwehutano anobatsira apo mari yakawanda inogamuchirwa muhoyamisi kupfuura iyo inobhadharwa muzvikwereti. Vanhu vakawanda muUnited States vanowana inshuwarisi yehutano yeboka kubva kune avo vashandi, avo vanobhadharawo chikamu chepayamu. Makambani anokwanisa kupa inshuwarhu yehutano seuntaxed inobatsira. Nenzira imwechete, federal tax policy inotsigira mushandirwi-inopa boka remishonga inshuwarisi. Vaya vasina urongwa hunoshandiswa nevanoshandira vanofanira kutenga mumwe munhu inshuwarano yehutano. Iko inodhura. Munguva yakapfuura, makambani anogona kukuramba iwe kuvhara kana iwe wakanga uine chirwere chisati chavapo kana chiitiko .
Sezvimwewo, iwe unogona kuwirirana neboka, rakadai seAARP kana COSTCO. Vanopa zvidimbu zvakaderera nokuti vanowanzova nedziva revanhu vane utano.
Hurumende yehurumende inotsigira utano hwevaya kune vanopfuura makumi matanhatu nemashanu kuburikidza neMedare. Chikamu chemishonga, chikamu chePurogiramu yeInishuwarenzi yePiritsi, inokweretesa pachayo kubva pamitero yemitero.
Medicare Chikamu B (chirongwa cheAdding Supplementary Insurance) uye Chikamu D (chirongwa chemishonga yemishonga) haisi 100 muzana yakafukidzwa nemari yekubhadhara. Kakawanda, Medicare mitero yemitero uye mapeamisi inotakura chete 57 muzana yezvinobatsira zvino. Inosara 43 kubva muzana inobhadharwa kubva kumari yakawanda. Hurumende yehurumende inotsigirawo utano hwemhuri pasi peimwe mari yepamusoro kuburikidza neMedicaid. Inobhadharwa ne federal uye state general revenue.
Saka iyo inowedzera kune zvose zvehurumende nehurumende mari. Kune mamwe maona Ona Utano Hwehutano Inoshanda Sei?
Zvikonzero Zvina Zvokuchinja Kurapa Utano
Kuchinja kwehutano hunodiwa kune zvikonzero zvina. Kutanga, mari yekuchengetedza utano yakange ichiwedzera. Muna 2011, mavhareji emhuri yevana mana yakawedzera ne7,3 muzana, kusvika ku $ 19 393. Iyo inenge inopetwa kaviri yezvainotora makore mapfumbamwe izvi zvisati zvaitika. Pakazosvika 2030, inofungidzirwa kuti mitero yebhadharo inongogadzirisa 38 muzana yemari yeMedare. Vamwe vose vanozopa mari yehuwandu hwemari .
Chechipiri, kuchinja kwehutano kuchavandudza kunaka kwekutarisira. Vazhinji vekuAmerica vanoshamiswa kuona kuti nyika yavo ine utano hwakaipisisa munyika yakabudirira. Zvirwere zvisingaperi zvinokonzera 70 muzana yevanhu vose vekufa kweUnited States uye zvinokanganisa 45 muzana yevaAmerica vose. Sezvo vagari vemazera, zviitiko zvezvirwere izvi zvichakura nokukurumidza.
Pakazosvika 2023, kenza uye chirwere cheshuga chichawedzera ne50 muzana, asi chirwere chemwoyo chichakwira ne40 muzana. Panguva imwecheteyo, kuwedzera kwehutachiona uye chirwere chepapu kuchakwira ne30 muzana uye kurohwa kuchaitika 25 muzana kakawanda. Gore roga rega, mari yekurapa inokwana $ 1.7 trillion, inomiririra 75 kubva muzana yehutano hwemari inoshandiswa. Iyi mari inogona kuderedzwa kuburikidza nokudzivirira zvirwere uye zvirongwa zvakanaka. (Kubva: Kubatana Kurwisa Zvirwere Zvisingagumi.)
Chechitatu, kuchinja kwehutano kwakashandiswa nokuti vanenge 25 muzana veAmerica vaiva nehutano hushoma kana kuti vasina hutano hwehutano hwekubhadhara mari yavo. Vanopfuura 101 000 veAmerica vakafa gore roga roga nekuda kwekuti vakanga vasina inshuwarisi. Semuenzaniso, wekuvhara kwemukana yekushanyira mukamuri inosvika $ 1,265. Kana iwe uine chirwere chekenza, mavhareji emari ye chemotherapy aiva $ 7,000. Inogona kunyange kutamba yakakwirira se $ 30,000.
Izvi zvinodhura zvinogona kupedza mari yekuchengetedza vanhu kana kuti kuita kuti varasikirwa neimba yavo. Kunyanya kuipa, vanhu vazhinji vaizofanira kurapa kurapwa nokuti vaisagona kukwanisa kuzviwana. Hazvisi izvo chete izvi zvakashata kwavari, zvakare zvakashata kuhupfumi. Semuenzaniso, hafu yezvinhu zvose zvinokanganisa zvinokonzerwa nemari yepamusoro yezvokurapa.
Chechichina, kuchinja kwehutano kunodiwa kunotsvaga mari yehupfumi yehutano hwehutano . Pakati pe3-10 kubva muzana ($ 60 bhiriyoni kusvika ku $ 200 mabhiriyoni) inorasikirwa nekubiridzira gore negore. Kana zviyero izvochete zvinoshandiswa purogiramu yeMedare ye $ 436 mabhiriyoni, mari yekubiridzira kune $ 14 mabhiriyoni kusvika $ 30 mabhiriyoni.
Recent Health Care Reform in America
Muna 1993, Mutungamiri Bill Clinton akatanga sangano reEalth Security Act pasi peutungamiri hweMukadzikadzi wekutanga Hillary Clinton . Yakapa hutano hwehutano hwepasi rose nehutano hwakakunda pakati pekambani yehutano inshuwarisi. Hurumende inogona kudzora mari yechiremba mabhizimusi uye mari yemishuwarenzi. Utano hwehutano hukambani huchakwikwidza kupa hutengo hwakanaka uye hwakaderera pamapatari kune makambani nevamwe. Izvi zvakasiyana neMagarere umo hurumende inobvumirana zvakananga navanachiremba, zvipatara nezvimwe zvevashandi vehutano. Medicare inonzi i-single-payer system.
Vanhu vakawanda vaizowana inshuwarenzi kuburikidza nevashandi vavo. Vanhu vasina mabasa vanogona kutenga inshuwalhu yehutano ivo pachavo kubva kumabatanidzwa ehutano hwemuganhu. Hurumende yehurumende yaizobatsiridza mari yevanhu vane mari shoma. Bhiri iro rakakundikana muna 1994.
Muna 2010, Murwere Muchengetedzo uye Anogadziriswa Care Act akazova mutemo. Yakatanga phasing muzvitsva zvehutano zvitsva uye mari iyo gore. Izvo zvakare yakatanga kuparidzira kune avo vane mamiriro ezvinhu akambovapo, vana neavo vakaiswa kunze. Yakapa rubatsiro kumabhizimisi mashomanana , vakwegura vane mari yakakura yezvinodhaka zvinodhaka uye mari yekugadzirisa kushayikwa kwechiremba navanachiremba. Mari yacho yaibhadharwa nemitero yepamusoro yebhadharo uye mari yezvinodhaka zvemakambani emishonga pamwe chete nemari yakaderera kuzvipatara.
Kunyange asati asarudzwa Mutungamiri, Barack Obama akakurudzira kuchinja hutano hwakanaka . Aida kuisa inshuwarisi yakawanda kune avo vasingakwanisi kuwana bhizimisi-inotsigirwa inshuwarisi. "Ongororo yake" yakatsvaga kuwedzera chirongwa cheMedare-kune vose vanochida. Izvi zvingaderedza mari yehurumende kuburikidza nekubatana vaduku, vanhu vane hutano vakabhadhara purogiramu ine mwero. Asi kunetseka pamusoro pe "kushamwaridzana kwemishonga" kwakatungamirira kuhutano hwehutano inshuwarisi.
IAACA inorambidza vapfumi vasiri pamutemo kuti vasagamuchira mari yehurumende kubhadhara inshuwarisi. Panguva imwe chete, hazvidi kuti vanhu varatidze kuva vagari venyika uye havaiti kuti vashandise.
IAACA yakaumbawo National Health Board. Iyi nhengo itsva yehurumende yaizogadzirisa hutano hwekushandisa kwehutano hwenyika yose. Izvozvo zvaireva kuti ndiyo yakarongerwa yerinishuwarenzi yehutano. Kune vanhu mumwe nomumwe, inogadzirisa miganhu yepamusoro yegore rose-ye-podhai mari. Mutemo wacho wakakundikana nokuda kwezvikonzero zvakasiyana-siyana muna 1994.
Migumisiro yehutano yehutano kuchinja kuEconomy
Kubva muna 2011, zvakaonekwa sekuti Affordable Care Act yakanga iri kushanda. Kubva munaMeyi wegore iro, vanopfuura 600 000 vechidiki vatsva vakava vhudziro. Zvakaitika nekuda kwekugadzirisa kweAACA kuti vana kusvika kune makore makumi maviri nemaviri vangave vakafukidzwa ne inshuwarisi yevabereki vavo. Yakawedzerawo mari yekambani dzemishuwarisi. Pfungwa inofanirwa kushandura kusvika kumapurayamisi akaderedza. Avo avo vatsva vashandi vanobhadhara muhurongwa asi kazhinji vanoda hutano hwehutano hushoma. Kutaura zvazviri, makambani ehutano hwehutano ehutano akarondedzera zvikwereti zvekodzero kwekutanga kwegore ra2011
Chechipiri, 46 kubva muzana mabhizimisi maduku akapa rubatsiro rwehutano muna 2011 kupfuura muna 2010, maererano neongororo yeKaiser . Vazhinji vashandi vashandi vebhizimisi vaduku vaireva zvishomanana kudarika, kubhadhara mari yechikwereti uye kudiwa kwevatengi. Izvi zvakabvumira kuti vapedze zvakawanda, kuwedzera kukura kwezvemari . Kutaura zvazviri, pakanga pane zvishoma kudarika muna August 2011 kupfuura panguva imwe chete gore rapfuura.