Kunzwisisa Murairo Wechenjeri Wekutsvaga uye Nei Zvichikosha
Chii chinoita kuti mutsara uyu, unogona kuita kuti vaAmerica venguva yakati vafukidze mifananidzo yevanhu vekare mu mahogany vakaisa mapurisa muBoston neNew York, saka hazvizivikanwi? Izvozvi mibvunzo mikuru. Kuti tivapindure, tinofanira kudzokera shure munguva yekutanga yezana remakore rechi19.
Munhu Akangwara Mutengesi Mutemo: Kutanga Kwatakatanga
Mumakore ekuma1830, nyaya yematare inozivikanwa zvino yakasarudzwa muMassachusetts. Anozivikanwa seHarvard College v. Amory , iyo yaibatanidza murume anonzi John McClean, uyo akanga apera makore manomwe apfuura musi waOctober 23, 1823. Vagari venhaka vake vaizogara nhaka iyo yakanga iri imba yakakura, pakupedzisira yaikoshesa $ 228,120. Kubva ipapo, $ 100,800 yakaiswa mukutengeswa kwemari, $ 48,000 yakaiswa mu inshuwarisi yekambani yemabhizimisi, uye $ 24,700 yakaiswa mubhaji bhangi pamwe nemasara edzimba, zvivako, uye mari.
Kumudzimai wake, Ann McClean, akakumbira zvakasiyana-siyana zvekutaura, nzvimbo yake yekugara, uye $ 35,000 zvakananga.
Akasiyawo $ 27,500 yezvipo zvezvemari kune vamwe. Pamusoro peizvi, akakumbira $ 50,000 kuna Jonatani naFrancis Amory, kuti vaite mukutendwa , nemirayiridzo yavanofanira kuisa kana kuikweretesa mari, "mune mari yakachengeteka uye inobereka, kana mumari yevanhu, mabhizimisi , kana imwe nhumbi, maererano nekutonga kwavo kwakanakisisa uye kungwara. " Mari inoshandiswa yakagadzirwa ne trust trust yaifanira kubhadharwa kumudzimai wake, Ann, mune imwe nguva yega yega kana yegore yega yega yega yega yega yega yega yega yega yega yega yega yega yega yega yega yega yega yega yega yega yega yega yega yega yega yega yega yega yega yega yega yega yega yega yega yega yega yega yega yega yega yega yega yega yega yega yega yega yega yega yega yega yega yega yega yega yega yega yega yega yega yega yega yega yega yega yega yega yega.
Apo Ann McClean akafa, chikwata chekutenda chaifanira kugoverwa pakati pevatsigiri vezvipo . Makumi makumi mashanu kubva muzana yezvitendwa zvakadai aifanira kuenda kuMutungamiri naFellow Harvard College kuti vagadzirise purofesa yekare yekare uye yemazuva ano, inobhadhara mubhadharo wechinzvimbo chitsva. Icho chikamu makumi mashanu kubva muzana chemari yekutendwa yaifanira kupiwa vaTrasti veMassachusetts General Hospital nekuda kwezvinangwa zvekururama.
Mumakore mashomanana akatevera, chii chakazotevera chaive chakareba uye chakaoma zvakakosha zvekutsvaga, zvikamu , zvipo zvakabhadharwa sechikamu chebvumirano renyika dzakawanda neSpain, uye mamwe maitiro epamutemo akasiya kutendeseka asina kukosha kudarika zvaaiva nako pakutanga yakasimbiswa. Zvadaro, muna 1928, mutasitiri akasara, Francis Amory, akatumira basa rake. Harvard College yakamhan'arira mutasitiri we kurasikirwa, ichiti mari yacho yave ichishandiswa mumakambani anotengesa ngozi kuti ipe mari yakawanda kana kuti chirikadzi Ann asiri kurega kufarira kwavo sevamwe vanozobatsirwa.
Dare racho rakabatana nevatrasti nokuda kwezvikonzero zvakawanda. Apo chisarudzo chakanga chakafuridzirwa, ndokusimbiswa, Mutongi Samuel Putnam akanyora zvakanyanyo kuzivikanwa zvino izvo zvinozivikanwa sevanhu vakangwara kutonga, kana kutonga kwemazano ekuchenjera:
Zvose zvinogona kudiwa nemutrasti ndezvokuti, iye achazvibata akatendeka uye achishandisa kungwara kwakanaka. Anofanira kuchengeta kuti varume vakangwara, kungwara neuchenjeri vanoita sei zvavo pachavo, kwete maererano nekufungidzira, asi maererano nehupenyu husingagumi hwemari yavo, vachifunga nezvemari inowanikwa uye pamwe chete nekuchengetedzwa kwekugadzirisa kweguta rinofanira kuiswa ... Ita zvaunoda, guta guru riri pangozi.
Munhu Akangwara Mutengesi Mutemo: Zvazvinoreva
Kuti akupe ruzivo rwakazara, ruzivo rwezvemitemo rinoreva kuti munhu anopiwa mazano ekugadzirisa zvinhu zveumwe munhu anofanira kungova nemari yekutsvaga kana kuisa iyo account kana kubata kune zvipingamupinyi izvo munhu ane njere dzakachenjera angafunga nezveuchenjeri; iyo yakanga ine izvo zvakatendwa kuva pfupi pfupi yekurasikirwa zvachose zvinhu zvose zvinofungwa.
Nenzira yekufananidzira, mumwe munhu ari kutarisira chikwereti che trust kana rekwereti yehurumende pasi pehutongi hwekugadzirisa zvemari aisazotenga nguva shomanana, kunze kwe-mari-kusarudza kunze kwekuti ivo vari chikamu chekambani yemutero kana kupedza njodzi sezvo ivo vachifungidzira . Vaizoisa mari mune penny mashizha . Vaizove vasina kuwana zvisungo zvisingabatsiri .
Mune mitezo inotevera mutemo wekodzero uye kuchinja kwetsika muhutungamiri hwekutsvaga kwekutsvaga, hutongi hwevanhu hunonzwisisika hwakatorwa kunoda mutasitiri kana kuti fiduciary kuti azviite sezvaaizoita kudai achidzivirira mari yake. Izvi zvakaguma nemitungamiri inowanzobatanidza zvinhu zvakadai se:
- Kudengesa zvinhu kuti kuderedze njodzi dzakabatana , kusanganisira pakati pemasikisi akasiyana-siyana
- Kuchengetedza zvakakwana mari yekubhadhara mari inoyerera zvinodiwa nekudzivisa kusamanikidzwa kutengesa panguva isina nguva, kazhinji nenzira yekusachengetedza mari yakachengeteka yakadai seHaimari bhizimisi kana kuti FDIC yakaiswa mari.
- Kutarisa kuchengetedzwa kwega kwega kana hutongwa hwekutsvaga kwekutsvaga muhofisi yemapatoti pazvimiriro zvayo-zvakakodzera uye nekuramba chero chipi zvacho chinonzi chinofungidzira
- Chinodiwa kuti urambe wakatendeka kumunhu waanotarisira mari, kusanganisira kusabatsiridza ivo kuti vawane pfuma yavo pachavo kana kune rumwe rutivi rwechitengesi kunze kwekunge zvikaziviswa zvizere uye zvichatsanangurwa
- Mutoro wekugara uchitarisa zvikwereti uye kushanda kwekutsvaga kwekutsvaga kwekugadzirisa kwekushanda mumamiriro ezvinhu kana njodzi dzekubata
Chii chinoitika kana fiduciary inoputsa murairo wekugadzirisa mari uye iwe unogona kuratidza kuti ivo vaine chinangwa chekuti hapana munhu ane musoro angatenda kuti igare yakachengeteka? Iwe unogona kupomera mhosva yekukuvara uye unogona kutora zvimwe zvekurasikirwa kwako nekukunda mutongo wekutonga. Bharamu yakagadzirirwa kumusoro saka kutarisa chikamu chako chepodfolio chinowira 50% munguva yakadai sa 2009 haisi kuzoverenga. Iwe uri kutarisa mumwe munhu achitora kuvimba kwako, achiisa mari yako nechikwereti , uye kuisa 50% yezvinhu zvako mune imwe kambani inofungidzira yebhaotech iyo inomirira kubvumirwa kweDAA kune mutsva anoshamisa mishonga.