Aya maitiro akasiyana kune mumwe nomumwe, kunze kwemashoko akafanana.
DNA yakasiyana-siyana inowanikwa neminwe inenge iripo, inoshandiswa kushandiswa kweZvibvumirano Fragment Length Polymorphism ( RFLP ) kana PCR kana zvose zviri zviviri, uye inotarisa nzvimbo dzakasiyana dzeDNA kusanganisira avo vane ruzivo rwakasiyana rwezvimwe nucleotides (isina nucleotide polymorphisms; SNPs), kudzokorora kwenguva pfupi (STRs) nezvimwe zvakasiyana-siyana zvinodzokorora polymorphic regions. Maitiro ekutsanangurira munhu zvakarurama anobva pane nhamba yekudzokorora kuenzaniswa kwakaedzwa uye hukuru hwavo.
DNA neminwe, iyo inoshandiswa pakuongorora scientists, inoshandisa shanduro dzinotarisa nzvimbo dzeDNA dzinonyanya kuzivikanwa nevanhu, nokudaro zvichibvisa chero chinogona kutyisirwa neDNA yakabuda kune mabhakitiriya, mbeu, zvipembenene kana zvimwe.
DNA Dhipi Dhidhiro Dzakashandiswa?
Pano pane zvishomanana zvinoshandiswa zveDNA zvinyorwa zvinyorwa. Heano dzimwe dzenzira dzakajairika.
- Forensics: Sezvo vakawanda vevaterevhizi veTV vanoziva, DNA zvinyorwa zvinyorwa zvinogona kuitwa neine shoma shoma reDNA, uye inzira yakarurama ye "minwe" inokonzera mhosva. Saizvozvowo, DNA yeminwe inokwanisa uye inoita kuti vanhu vasina mhosva vaite mhosva - dzimwe nguva kunyange mhosva dzakapiwa makore akapfuura. DNA neminwe yeminwe inogona kushandiswa nyore nyore kuti ione muviri wakaora.
- Non-Criminal Identification: Ko Joe baba vaBilly chaiye here? DNA neminwe yeminwe inogona kupindura mubvunzo iwoyo nokukurumidza uye zvakarurama. Mukuwedzera pakutsanangura vana vanobvuma uye kugadzirisa zvipfeko zvepaternity, DNA zvinyorwa zvinyorwa zvekare zvakashandiswawo kusimbisa ukama munyaya yefa. Kanopfuura kamwe chete, DNA neminwe yeminwe yakaita kuti zvive nyore kuti vanhu vakaparadzana semugumisiro wenjodzi chaiyo kana hondo kuti vawane vana vavo nevabereki.
- Mishonga: DNA yeminwe yepine inoshandiswa zvakasiyana-siyana mukurapa. Chimwe chiitiko chakakosha chirikuratidza zvakanaka mazita ekugadzirwa kwemuviri kana yemuroro. Vanachiremba vanotangawo kushandisa DNA zvinyorwa zveminwe sechishandiso chekugadzira "maitiro" ehutano hwemakirini evanorwara. Muchikamu chimwe chete, DNA yeminwe inoshandiswa kugadzirisa kuti shanduro yechiratidzo yakanga yakanyorwa zvakanyorwa nezita remurwere.
- Zvekurima: Zvinhu zvose zvipenyu zvine DNA-zvinoreva kuti DNA zvinyorwa zvinyorwa zvinogona kushandiswa kuzivikanwa kuti zvipenyu zvakagadziriswa kana kuti "nhaka" yemiti, kana kuti mbeu dzinogona kunge dziine chiremba. Iyo inogonawo kushandiswa kuratidza pedigree mumhuka dzinokosha dzakadai semakwikwi emabhiza.
DNA Dhigiriji Rwemagetsi Rakaita Sei?
Kazhinji, kuti vanhu vaongorore, vatendi vanobvunza nyaya yacho nezvemuenzaniso weDNA unogona kugoverwa semuenzaniso weropa kana sechigunwe chemuviri kubva mukati memuromo.
Mutsara weropa inowanzodiwa. Kana imwe yamuenzaniso inowanikwa uye ichiongororwa, inogona kushandiswa senhumbi yekuvandudza kurapwa kana kuenzaniswa neyeumwe munhu kune:
- Isa hukama hwevanhu pakati pevanhu vaviri
- Sarudza kuti vanhu vaviri vane mazamu akanaka mazita ekurapa
- Sarudza kana DNA yega yega inobatanidza DNA pane imwe nzvimbo yemhosva
- Ziva muviri