What Sets Bush and Obama Apart From Clinton
MuUnited States, Congress inofanira kunyora murairo kuti uite zviyero izvi. Mutungamiriri wekutanga anotanga kushanda, asi Congress inofanira kunyora uye kudarika zvinyorwa.
Congress ine marudzi maviri ekushandisa.
Chokutanga ndechokuti gore negore kubvumirana kushandiswa kwemari . Chikamu chakanyanya chekuziva kushandiswa kwemari ndeyebhajhini yehondo.
Congress inogonawo kuwedzera mubhadharo muzvirongwa zvinotarisirwa. Izvi zvakaoma zvikuru nokuti zvinoda 62 vhoti zhinji muSeneti kuti ipfuure. Icho chikuru chinotarisirwa zvirongwa ndeche Social Security, Medicare uye zvirongwa zvehupfumi . Dzimwe nguva zvikwereti izvi zvinonzi kudhadhara mari. Izvi ndezvekuti vanogadzirisa mari kubva kune vateresi kuti vatarise mapoka evanhu. Asi pane imwe chete yekubhadhara kubhadhara iyo isiri chikamu chepurogiramu inotarisirwa. Izvo zvawedzerwa kusabatsirwa kwebasa .
Congress inofanirawo kudarika mutemo apo inoda kuderedza mitero. Iko kune marudzi mazhinji emitero yakabhadhara. Dzinosanganisira mitero pamari, mari inowanikwa uye zvikamu. Inogonawo kuchera mabhizimisi maduku , mapepa uye mitero yekambani .
Chinangwa
Chinangwa chekutengeserana kwenyika yehurumende ndechekusimudzira kukura kuhutano hwakanaka hwehupfumi .
Izvi zvinodikanwa panguva yechikamu chechikamu chebhizimisi . Hurumende inoda kuderedza kusarirwa kwemabasa, kuwedzera kukosha kwevatengi uye kudzivisa kutengesa . Kana kudarika kwatotanga kuitika, zvino inotsvaka kugumisa kuderera uye kudzivirira kuora mwoyo .
Mutero wemitero unowanikawo panguva yekuwedzera yebhizimisi.
Izvi ndezvokuti mutungamiri wepurezidhendi anogona kuvimbisa munguva yemushandirapamwe. Nenguva yaanozadzisa vimbiso yake, kuderera kunogona kupera.
Iyo Inoshanda Sei
Imwe mitemo yezvekuwedzera inowedzera huwandu hwemari muhupfumi. Inoisa mari yakawanda kune vatengi 'maoko kuti vape simba ravo rekutenga. Inoshandisa rubatsiro , inoshandura zvikwereti kusanganisira zvirongwa zvehutano , uye kutengesa mitero yemari. Iyo inoderedza kusakosha kwebasa kuburikidza nekugadzirisa mabasa ehurumende kana kupa vashandi vehurumende vatsva. Zvose izvi zvinowedzera kudiwa . Izvo zvinoita kuti vashandisi vashandise, izvo zvinoita zvinenge makumi manomwe zvezana zvehupfumi. Zvimwe zvikamu zvitatu zvezvinhu zvakakomba zvekugadzirwa kwehurumende zviri kushandiswa kwehurumende, kutengeswa kwenyika, uye kushambadzira kwebhizimisi.
Mitero yekambani yemitero inopa mari yakawanda mumabhizimisi 'maoko. Vanoshandisa iyo mukutora mitsva uye vashandi. Nenzira iyo, kutengesa mutero kunogadzira mabasa . Asi kana kambani ichi atova nemari yakawanda, inogona kushandiswa kutengwa kutenga mabhizimisi kana kutenga makambani matsva.
Nheyo yekugovera-side economics inokurudzira kuderedza mitero yekambani panzvimbo yemitero yemari. Izvo zvinopa makambani mari ekubhadhara vashandi vakawanda. Inokurudzira hupfumi huripo huripo hunoita kuti kuwedzerwa kwebhizimisi. Asi iyo The Laffer Curve inotaura kuti rudzi urwu rwekunyengera-pasi kwezvemari rinoshanda chete kana mutero wekutengesa uri 50% kana kupfuura.
Mienzaniso
Obama inoshandisa hurongwa hwekuwedzera neEconomist Stimulus Act . IRARA yakagura mitero, yakasimudza kusabatsirwa kwebasa nemari inobhadharwa nemabasa ehurumende. Muna 2010, akaenderera mberi zvizhinji zvezvikomborero izvi nebha Obama mucheka . Akawedzerawo kuzvidzivirira kushandiswa . Zvose izvi zvakaitika apo mutero wemitero wakadonha nekuda kwekutambudzika kwemari muna 2008 . Ndokusaka chikwereti chenyika chichiwedzera zvakanyanya pasi pe Obama .
Bhuku reBush Administration rakashandisa mitemo yakawanda yehurumende kuti ipedze kutengesa kwenyika muna 2001 . Inoderedza mitero yemitero neEGTRRA , iyo yakatumira kubhadhara mutero . Asi kuparadza kwemagandanga 9/11 kwakaita kuti hupfumi hudzoke mukuderera. Bush inokurudzira kushandiswa kwehurumende yekuzvidzivirira neHondo pamusoro peKutyisa . Akachera mitero yebhizimisi muna 2003 neJGTRRA . Pakazosvika gore ra2004, hupfumi hwaive hwakanaka, uye urombo hwakangova ne54 muzana chete.
Asi Bush yakaramba ichinyanya kupararira, kuwedzera mari yekudzivirira neHondo muIraq .
Mutungamiri John F. Kennedy akashandisa hurongwa hwekuwedzera hunoita kuti hupfumi huvepo kunze kwenyika ye1960. Akavimbisa kutsigira chirongwa ichi kusvikira hupfumi hwakapera, pasinei nemigumisiro pane chikwereti.
Mutungamiri Franklin D. Roosevelt akashandisa kupararira kwenheyo yekugumisa Kuora Kwekukuru . Pakutanga, yakanga iri kushanda. Asi zvakare FDR yakaderedza kushandiswa kweNew Deal kuchengetedza bhajeti yakatarisa. Izvozvo zvakabvumira kudengenyeka kuti kuvezve muna 1932. Roosevelt akadzokera kumatongerwo emari ekuwedzera ekugadzirira hondo yeHondo Yenyika II. Iko kushandiswa kukuru kwekupedzisira kwakagumisa kuora mwoyo.
Pros
Imwe mitemo yezvekuwedzera inoshandiswa inoshanda nokukurumidza kana yakaitwa zvakanaka. Semuenzaniso, kushandiswa kwehurumende kunofanirwa kuendeswa kune vashandi. Izvozvo zvinokurumidza kusimbisa mabasa uye kuderedza basa. Mutero wemitero unogona kuisa mari mumaoko evatengi kana hurumende inogona kutumira chekiti chekutsvaga pakarepo.
Nzira inokurumidza kukurudzira kusabatsirana kwemabasa. Avo vasingashandi vanowanzoshandisa mari yose yavanowana. Vaya vari mabhokoni ehomwe yepamusoro vangashandisa zvikwereti zvemitero kuchengetedza kana kuisa mari yakawanda. Izvozvo hazvikudziri hupfumi. Tsvaga kuti nei kusabatsirana kwebasa ndiko kwakanyanya kukurudzira .
Chinonyanya kukosha, hurongwa hwekuwedzera huripo hwezvemari hudzorerazve mutengi uye kuvimba kwebhizimisi. Vanotenda hurumende ichatora matanho anodiwa ekugumisa kuderera. Izvi zvinotambudza kuti vatange kushandisa zvakare. Pasina chivimbo mune hutungamiri, hupfumi hwakanga huchigona kuchinja. Munhu wose aigona kuisa mari yavo pasi pematidziro
Cons
Kutengesa mutero kunoderedza hurumende mari . Izvo zvinoumba kukanganisa kwemari uye inowedzera iyo yakawedzerwa kune chikwereti . Kutengesa kwemitero kunofanira kuchinjwa apo hupfumi huchadzoka kuzobhadhara chikwereti. Kana zvisina kudaro, inokura kumagariro asingagoneki. Asi, kudzorera mitero yemitero inowanzotorwa nevematongerwo enyika.
Hondo yehurumende yeUnited States haina mirefu nokuti inonyora mari . Inogona kubhadharira kukanganisa kuburikidza nekutora mabhizimisi matsva emari, zvinyorwa uye zvisungo . Somugumisiro, chikwereti chenyika chiri $ 20 trillion. Izvo zvinopfuura nyika inobereka mugore. Apo chikwereti cheGDP chikafu chinopfuura 100 muzana, varimi vanotya. Vachatenga zvisungo zvishomanana, kutumira chikwata chekuda kwepamusoro. Inogona kuderedza hupfumi hwehupfumi.
Vanyori vezvematongerwe enyika vanowanzoshandisa hurongwa hwekuwedzera hupfumi hwezvikonzero zvimwe kunze kwechinangwa chaicho chaicho. Somuenzaniso, vanogona kutema mitero kuti vave vanozivikanwa zvikuru nevatori vasati vasarudzwa. Izvo zvinogadzirisa mamiriro ezvinhu ane ngozi nokuti vachazobvhota kunze kwehofisi kana kukonzerwa kwemitero kuchinjwa.
Hurumende inowedzera kuwedzera mari uye inoderedza mitero kunyange apo hupfumi huri kuita zvakanaka. Hazvifanirwe nokuti inogadzira zvinhu zvakashata . Izvozvo zvinotungamirira mukushanda kusina musoro uye chikwata chepamusoro chebhizimisi . Apo bubble inoputika, unowana kupesana uye kutengesa . Inonzi " boom" uye "busting cycle" .
Expansionary Versus Contractionary Fiscal Policy
Kuwedzera kwekushandiswa kunoshandiswa kakawanda kudarika zvinopesana, zvinopesana nemitemo yehurumende . Izvi ndezvokuti vhoti vakaita sematambudziko ose emitero uye mamwe anobatsira. Somugumisiro, vezvematongerwe enyika vanoshandisa hurongwa hwekuwedzera vanozogadziriswa zvakare.
Hurumende uye hurumende dzenharaunda muUnited States dzine mitemo yakatarwa yemari. Havagoni kupedza zvakawanda kupfuura zvavanowana mumitero. Icho chirairo chakanaka, asiwo kunoderedza kukwanisa kwevatongi kukwanisa kusimbisa hupfumi mumatambudziko. Kana vasina mari yakasara, vanofanirwa kuderedza mari iyo mitero yemitero yakaderera, iyo inowedzera kukanganisa. Izvozvo zvinoita kuti kuderera kuwedzere.
Expansionary Tax Policy Inopesana Nekuwedzera Kwemari Mari
Inyanzvi yemari yemari yekuwedzera ndeye apo bhenji guru renyika rinowedzera mari . Izvo zvinobudirira mukuwedzera kuwedzera kwehuwandu mune imwe nyika. Inogonawo kuita zvinopesana nemitemo yemari , iyo inosimudzira mitero uye inodzivirira kutengesa .
Mutemo wemari unoshanda nokukurumidza kupfuura mutemo wemari. VeSweden Reserve vanovhota kuti vauye kana kuti vaderedze mari inodyidzana nemari pamisangano yayo yeGreen Open Market Committee . Zvinogona kutora anenge mwedzi mitanhatu nokuda kwehupfumi hwehupfumi muhupfumi.