Kunowedzera Kuwedzera Kuumba Economic Growth?
Kudyidzana- mune zvehupfumi ndiyo nheyo inoti kuwedzera kwekugadzira kunoita kuti hurumende ikure . Izvo zviitiko zvekugadzirwa ndezvokutanga, basa, kubhizimisa uye nyika.
Sangano-rega rezvematongerwo enyika rinotarisa pamabhizimisi. Zvishandiso zvayo mitambo yebhasi uye kukanganiswa . Makambani anobatsirwa nemitemo iyi inobhadhara vashandi vakawanda. Kuwedzera kwekuwedzera kwebasa kunogadzira kudiwa kwakawanda izvo zvinowedzera kuwedzera kukura.
Kudyidzana-rutivi kune zvakasiyana nedzidziso yeChinnesian iyo inotaura kuti inoda ndiyo ndiyo inotyisa.
Mutemo waro wehurumende unotarisa kune vatengi pasinei nokuti vanobata kana kwete. Zvishandiso zvaro zvinoshandiswa nehurumende pamagariro, kusabatsirwa kwebasa uye dzidzo.
Iyo Inoshanda Sei
Kudyidzana-rutivi runoshanda nekupa zvikurudzira kumabhizimisi kuwedzera. Kuita basa kunobvisa mitemo yekukura uye mari inobatanidza nekuteerera. Makambani anenge akasununguka kutsvaga nzvimbo itsva dzekukura.
Imwe mitero inobviswa inopa mabhizimisi mamwe mari ekubhadhara vashandi, kuisa mari mumashandi makuru uye kubudisa zvinhu zvakawanda nemabasa.
Imwe mitero inobhadhara mari inowedzera madhora neawa yakashanda. Inowedzera kukurudzira vashandi kuti varambe vachishanda. Izvo zvinowedzera kupiwa kwebasa. Iko kukura kwekugovera kunowedzera kukura kwehupfumi.
Kudyidzana-rutivi kwakafanana nekuderera-pasi kwehupfumi . Icho chinotaura kuti chii chakanaka kune vapfumi chichaputsika-pasi kune vose vari munzanga. Inofunga kuti vatengesi, vanoponesa, uye vadzidzisi vekambani ndivo vanonyatsofambisa kukura.
Inopikira kuti vachashandisa chero mari yakawedzerwa kubva kumatareji emitero kuti kuwedzere kukura kwebhizimisi. Vashandi vanozotenga mamwe makambani kana mashizha. Mabhanho achawedzera kukweretesa. Vatengi vachaisa mari mumabasa avo nekubhadhara vashandi. Inotaura zvakare kuti kukura uku kukuru kuchagadzirisa mutero wakarasika.
Nheyo Dzekugadzirisa-Side Side Economics
The Laffer Curve ndiyo inoratidzirwa inoretical of supply-side economics.
Nyanzvi yezvemari Arthur Arthur yakaronga muna 1979. Akakakavadzana kuti mhedzisiro yekodzero yemitero mubhadharo yehurumende inokurumidza. Ivewo pane 1-for-1 basis. Dhora roga roga rokutengesa mitero rinoderedza kushandiswa kwehurumende (pamwe nemigumisiro yaro inokurudzira) nemadhora imwe chete.
Mutero iwoyo unochekwa unowedzera kuwedzera mukukura kwehupfumi. Dhora roga roga mukutengesa kwemitero rinoshandura pakuwedzera kwekudiwa. Izvi zvinokonzera kukura kwebhizimisi, izvo zvinoguma nekubhadhara mari.
Iko mari yakawanda inokonzerwa nemitero yakatarwa inofanirwa nemamiriro ezvinhu paakaitika. Ko hupfumi hwakakura here kana mukuderera? Ndeapi mitero yakatemwa? Ko yakakwirira sei mutero? Kana mitero yakanga iri munharaunda isina kukodzera, ipapo kucheka kuchava nemigumisiro yakanaka. Kana mitero ichinge yakaderera, ipapo kucheka hakuzoiti zvakawanda. Vachangoderedza huwandu hwehurumende uye kuwedzera kukanganisa pasina kuwedzera kukura zvakakwana kukanganisa mari yakarashika.
Zvakanaka Kwazvo Zvakashanda
Mutungamiri Reagan akaisa hupfumi-side economics kuti zviitwe muma1980. Akashandisa iyo kurwisa stagflation . Iko kushamwaridzana kusinganzwisisiki kwekuwedzera kwehupfumi kwehupfumi nekukwira kwepamusoro . Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, kupa-side economics inonziwo Reaganomics . Reagan akanga ari mutsigiri we laissez-faire economics . Akatenda mushamba wekusununguka uye hupfumi huchagadzirisa matambudziko enyika.
Mazano ake akafanana ne " makaro akanaka " mafungiro e1980 America.
Reagan yakagadzirisa pamusoro pemari yemari inotora mutero kubva kubva ku70 kusvika ku28 muzana. Akaderedza huwandu hwepamusoro hwekutengesa mutengo kubva 46 kubva kuzana kusvika 40 muzana. Izvozvo zvakabatsira kuwedzera hupfumi kunze kwekunetseka kwakanyanya kubvira Kubva Kudenga Kukuru .
Reagan yakawedzerawo kushandiswa kwemari yekudzivirira panguva imwe chete. Akawedzera chikwereti chenyika paainge ari muhofisi. Maererano neClénesians, iyo yakawedzerawo kukura kwehupfumi kuburikidza nekuisa mari yakawanda mumari, kuumba mabasa nekuwedzera kudiwa. Enzanisa kune vamwe vatungamiri mumatokari nemutungamiri .
Mutungamiri Bush zvakare akashandisa kugadziriswa kwezvokudya-side economics kuderedza mitero muna 2001 neEGTRRA uye 2003 neJGTRRA . Upfumi huri kukura, uye mari inowedzera. Kutenga-siders, kusanganisira Mutungamiri, vakati izvi zvaive nekuda kwekutengesa mutero.
Dzimwe nyanzvi dzezvemari dzakaratidza kuderera kwechikwereti chekuita sechikonzero chaicho chokusimudzira. IFOMC yakaderedza mari yakabhadharwa mari kubva kubva ku6 muzana kutanga kwe1200 kusvika kune yepasi pe1 muzana munaJune 2003. (Chinyorwa: "Historical Fed Fund Fund," New York Federal Reserve.)
Zvakawanda zvinoenderana nokuti chikamu chevanhu chinowanikodha mitero. Zvidzidzo zvinoratidza kuti kutengesa mutero hakuiti zvakafanana mukugadzira mabasa . Anoderedza kuderedza mhuri dzinowana mari zvakananga kushandura pakuwedzera mari. Izvo zvinowedzera kuda uye kuwedzera kwezvoupfumi. Mitsara yemitero kumhuri yepamusoro yemari inowanzotengeswa, inoponeswa kana kushandiswa kubhadhara chikwereti. Iko kunowedzera mushamba wemabhizimisi uye mabhangi, asi kwete kutengesa.
Zvidzidzo Zvinotsigira Kupa-Side Economics
Dhipatimendi reMari yeHurumende yakagadzira muenzaniso unoratidza kuti Bush yakaderedzwa mutero inowedzera GDP gore negore ne 0.7 muzana. Asi mufananidzo wacho unofunga kuti mari inotambiswa nechekucheka yakaderedzwa nekuderedzwa kwemari kushandiswa, kuchengetedza bhajeti iripo. Kana pane kudaro, kutengesa mutero kwakagadziriswa nehuwandu hwemitero inowedzera, zvinogona kunge zvisina kunaka. Iko kuwedzera kwemitero inobhadhara inofanira kubhadhara chikwereti chakawedzerwa. (Kubva: " Kuongorora kwakasimba kwekuwedzerwa kwekusingaperi kweMutungamiri Bush weRubatsiro rweMitero " US Department of Treasury Department, July 25, 2006.)
Zvidzidzo Zvisingabatsiri Kutenga-Side Economics
Chidzidzo cheNational Bureau of Economic Research chakawana nhamba chaiyo yekuti mari yakawanda ichadzorerwa sei nekucheka kwemitero. Kune rimwe rega rega rekutengesa mitero, inongova masentimita 17 chete achadzorerwa nekushandisa mari yakawanda.
Mitemo yekambani yemitero inoita zvishoma zvishoma. Dhora rega rega rinodzoka masentimita makumi mashanu kuti riwane mari. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti, pamusoro penguva refu, iyo mari inotasikirwa nemitengo yakabhadhara ichawanikwa zvishoma. Pasina kuderera mumari, kutora mutero kunoita kuti kuwedzere mubhadharo yemari . Izvozvo zvinokuvadza hupfumi kupfuura nguva. (Kubva: NBER, "Dynamic Scoring: A Back of the Envelope Guide," NBER, December 2004. "Hungu, Kutora Kwemitero Youshu Kwete Kuwedzera Mapato," Townhall.com, November 15, 2007.)
Mhedziso
Nyanzvi dzezvematongerwo enyika dzichiri kukakavadzana kana kutsva kwemasero kunoita kuti kuwedzerwa kwehupfumi kuwedzere kwenguva refu. Chidzidzo cheDhipatimendi reMariki chakataura kuti, munguva pfupi uye mune zvehupfumi izvo zvatove zvisina simba, kutengesa mutero kuchapa kukurumidza kusimbisa. Iko NBER yakawanikwa yakawana kuti kutengesa mutero kuchaita kuti zvikwereti zvikwereti zvikwereti zvakanyanya kunze kwekushandisa mari inotemwa zvakare.
Pamusoro penguva yakareba, uye mune hupfumi hwehutano, izvi zvichaisa kudzvinyirira pasi kudhora iro rinogona kuwedzera kuwedzera kwezvinhu kuburikidza nemitengo yakakwirira yekutengeswa . Nokufamba kwenguva, kana kutengesa kwepamusoro kwakakwanira uye hupfumi hwakasimba zvakakwana, hunogona kuita kuti Federal Reserve inotanga chirongwa chemari chinopesana , zvakadai semari yepamusoro yemari. Mugumisiro weiyo ichinonoka kukura mune zvehupfumi.