Chii Chinonzi Reaganomics? Yakashanda here?

Ungadai uchipa rutivi rwehupfumi hunoita basa nhasi?

Reaganomics ndiye Mutungamiri Ronald Reagan wezvematongerwo enyika anochengetedza hurumende iyo yakarwisa ma1980 kutengesa uye kutengesa. Stagflation inopesana nehupfumi pamwe chete nehuwandu hwechipiri.

Zvakaita Reaganomics

Reaganomics yakavimbisa kupedza simba rehurumende pamunyika. Akatsigira laissez-faire economics . Akatenda mushamba wekusununguka uye hupfumi huchagadzirisa matambudziko enyika.

Mazano ake akafanana ne " makaro akanaka " mafungiro e1980 America.

Chigaro chaReagan chakanga chakasiyana zvakasiyana nechimiro chei. Vasati vatungamiri Johnson naNixon vawedzera basa rehurumende.

Reagan akapika kuti achacheka munzvimbo zvina:

1. Kukura kwemari yehurumende.
2. Zvose zvinowanikwa mubhadharo uye mari inowanikwa mubhadharo .
3. Mitemo yezvebhizimisi.
4. Kuwedzera kwemari inopa .

Reaganomics yakavakirwa padzidziso yekupa-side economics . Inotaura kuti kukonzerwa kwemitero yekambani ndiyo nzira yakanakisisa yokukura nayo hupfumi. Apo makambani anowana mari yakawanda, vanofanirwa kutenga vashandi vatsva nekuwedzera mabhizinesi avo. Inotaurawo kuti kubhadhara mitero yevashandi kunopa vashandi zvakanyanya kukurudzira kushanda, kuwedzera kupiwa kwebasa. Ndicho chikonzero nei dzimwe nguva kunonzi kudonha-pasi kwehupfumi .

Mukutaura, hupfumi hwezvehupfumi hwaizowedzera huwandu hwetero. Iko yakawedzerwa hurumende mari inoshandiswa inotora nzvimbo iyo yakarasikirwa kubva pamatareji emitero.

Yakashanda here?

Mutungamiri Reagan akaendeswa pane imwe neimwe yezvinangwa zvayo zvina zvinangwa, kunyange zvazvo kwete kusvika pakuti iye nevatsigiri vake vaitarisira.

Ndizvo maererano naWilliam A. Niskanen, muvambi weReaganomics. Niskanen aive weReagan's Council of Economic Advisers kubva muna 1981 kusvika muna 1985. Kuwedzera kwezvinhu kwakagadziriswa, asi kwakange kuripo nekuda kwekutengesa mari, kwete mari yehurumende. Reagan's tax cuts yakagumisa kuderera.

Asi kushandiswa kwehurumende kwakanga kusina kuderedzwa, kungoshandurwa kubva kumapurogiramu epamba kudzivirira.

Mugumisiro? Chikwereti chemadhipatimendi chakange chakaita katatu, kubva muna $ 997 mabhiriyoni muna 1981 kusvika kune $ 2.857 trillion muna 1989.

Mutero Wemitero. Reagan mutengo wemitero yakaringana kukurudzira kuda kwevatengi. Negore rekupedzisira raReagan muhofisi, mari yepamusoro yemitero yaive ye 28% yevanhu vasina kuroora vanoita $ 18,550 kana kupfuura. Chero ani zvake achiita zvishoma asingabhadhara mutero zvachose. Izvozvo zvakanga zvisingasviki ne1980 huru yepamusoro yehutori ye70 muzana kune vanhu vanowana $ 108,000 kana kupfuura. Reagan indexed the tax brackets for inflation.

Reagan kukanganisa hupfumi hwemitero pamwe nekuwedzera kwemitero kune imwe nzvimbo. Akasimudza Social Security mitero yemitero uye mamwe mitero yemadhora. Akacherawo zvigadziro zvakasiyana-siyana.

Reagan akacheka mutero wekambani inosvika kubva 46 kubva muzana kusvika ku40 muzana. Asi kukanganisa kwekuparara uku kwakanga kusina kujeka. Reagan yakashandura kurapwa kwemutero kwezvizhinji zvekutsvaga mari. Izvo zvakaoma zvinoreva kuti migumisiro yese yekushandiswa kwemitero yayo yaisagona kuyerwa.

Zvishoma Zvishoma Kuwedzera Kuwedzera. Kushandiswa kwehurumende kuchiri kukura, kwete kungokurumidza sekudzika pasi peMutungamiri Carter. Reagan mari yakawedzerwa ne 2.5 muzana gore, kunyanya kudzivirira. Kucheka kune dzimwe zvirongwa zvinonzwisisika zvakangoitika mugore rake rokutanga.

Reagan haina kuderedza Social Security kana Medicare. Kutaura zvazviri, mari yeReagan yaishandiswa yaiva 22 muzana yezvakawanda zvekugadzirwa kwemukati .

Izvo zvakakwirira kudarika chikamu 20 muzana yeGDP. Asi, kuwedzera mukupedza kwaive kwakaderera kune 4 Mutungamiri Carter kuwedzera kwegore gore rose. Izvi zviyero zvinogadziriswa zvekutengesa .

Kuderedza Mitemo. Muna 1981, Reagan yakabvisa nguva yeNixon-yekutengesa kwekutengesa kwemafuta emafuta uye gasi. Vakamanikidza kushambadzira kwemahara-mahara kwakange kwakadzivirira kuwedzera. Reagan yakasarudzwawo necheterevhizheni yeTV, kushandiswa kwemaferensi kwemarefu, kubasa kwebhasi pakati, uye kutengeswa kwegungwa. Akagadzirisa mitemo yebhangi, asi izvozvo zvakabatsira kusimbisa Crisis Savings and Loan Crisis muna 1989.

Reagan yakawedzerwa, kwete kuderera, kuisa zvipingamupinyi. Akawedzera nhamba yezvinhu zvaiiswa pasi pekutengeserana kubva pa12 muzana muna 1980 kusvika 23 muzana muna 1988. Akaita zvishomanana kuderedza mamwe mitemo ine chokuita nehutano, kuchengeteka, uye zvakatipoteredza.

Carter akanga atapudza mitemo nokukurumidza.

Tame Inflation. Reagan aine nhanho Sachigaro weHurumende yeHurumende Pauro Volcker akanga atova. Volcker yakarwisa zvakanyanya kuwedzera kwenhamba yema1970. Akashandisa mutemo wemari wezvinopesana , pasinei nekodzero yekuderedzwa kwemaviri. Muna 1979, Volcker akatanga kusimudza mari yakadyiwa mari . Pakazosvika muna 1980 1980, yakange iri pamakore makumi maviri ezvakaitika kare.

Izvi zvikwereti zvakavhara kukura kwezvemari. Mutemo waVolcker wakakonzera kutengesa kwenyika muna 1981 kusvika muna 1982. Kusashaya basa kwaisvika kusvika 10,8 kubva muzana uye yakagara pamusoro pe10 muzana kwemwedzi gumi.

Reaganomics Haisashande Nhasi

Nhasi vanozvidzivirira vanopa maReaganomics kuti aite America huru zvakare. Mutungamiri Donald Trump , 2012 vateveri veTe Party , nevamwe veRa republican vanoritsigira semhinduro inotarisirwa nehupfumi. Asi dzidziso yeReaganomics inoratidza kuti chii chakashanda muma1980 chingakanganisa kukura nhasi.

Reaganomics uye kupa-side economics inogona kutsanangurwa neLaffer Curve . Muongorori Arthur Laffer akachigadzira muna 1979. Mutsindo wakaratidza kuti kutengesa mutero kungaita kuti hupfumi huvepo kusvika pakatowedzera mutero. Yakaratidza kuti Reaganomics ingashanda sei.

Mutero wemitero unoderedza hurumende yemari , dollar-for-dollar, pakarepo. Izvi zvakakonzerwa zvakakonzerwa nekuwedzera kwehupfumi. Mutero wemitero inopa mari muhomwe yevatengi, iyo yavanopedza. Izvo zvinokurudzira kukura kwebhizimisi nekuwedzera mari. Mugumisiro? Chikwata chikuru chemitero.

Asi mhedzisiro inokonzerwa nemitero inofanirwa nekukurumidza kwekuti hupfumi huri kukura kana hwashandiswa. Izvo zvinoenderana nemhando yemitero uye kuti yakakwirira sei vasati vatemwa. The Laffer Curve inoratidza kuti kuderedza mitero kunowedzera hurumende mari kusvika kune imwe nzvimbo. Kana imwe mitero ichikwira zvakakwana, kuidzikisa kuchaderedza mari panzvimbo. Mitsara yakashanda panguva yehukuru hweRecan nokuti huwandu hwemitero yakawanda hwaive makumi manomwe kubva muzana. Vane simba rakawandisa apo mitero yehutori iri pasi pe50 muzana.

Semuenzaniso, Mutungamiri Bush akatema mutero mu 2001 Economic Growth uye Tax Relief Reconciliation Act uye 2003 Basa uye Growth Tax Relief Reconciliation Act . Pfuma yakawedzera uye mari yakawanda yakawedzera. Kudyidzana-kutengesa, kusanganisira mutungamiri, vakati izvi zvaive pamusana pekutengesa kwemitero.

Dzimwe nyanzvi dzezvehupfumi dzakaratidza kuderera kwechikwereti chekuita semutungamiriri chaiye wehupfumi. Dare reWorld Open Market rakaderedza kudyidzana kwemari kubva kumazana matanhatu kubva pakutanga kwa2001 kusvika ku1 muzana munaJune 2003. Kudyidzana kwemari yakawanda nhoroondo inoratidza kuti kuderera uku kwakafambira mberi kuburikidza nemakore.