Apo Trickle-Down Economics Inoshanda
Kunyengera-pasi kwehupfumi kunotora vatengesi, vanoponesa, uye vadzidzisi vekambani ndivo vanonyatsofambisa kukura. Inopikira kuti vachashandisa chero mari yakawedzerwa kubva kumatareji emitero kuti kuwedzere kukura kwebhizimisi. Vashandi vanozotenga mamwe makambani kana mashizha.
Mabhanho achawedzera kukweretesa. Vatengi vachaisa mari mumabasa avo nekubhadhara vashandi. Dzidziso iyi inotaura kuti vashandi ava vachapedza mubairo wavo kuendesa kuda uye kuwedzera kwehupfumi.
Tora-Down Economic Theory
Kunyengedza kwehupfumi nheyo yakafanana nekupa-side economics . Ikoko nheyo inotaura kuti zvose zvinokonzerwa nemitero , zvingave zvebhizimisi kana vashandi, zvinokurudzira kuwedzera kwehupfumi.
Kunyengedza-pasi pfungwa ndeyechokwadi. Iyo inotaura nezvekutengesa mutero kunoshanda zviri nani kudarika zvese. Inokurudzira kusvitsa kune makambani, kubhadhara mari huru, uye mitero yekuchengetedza. Izvo hazvikurudziri kudarika-the-board mitsva yero. Pane kudaro, kutengesa mutero kunoenda kune vapfumi.
Vose vanogadzika-pasi uye vanopa-vatsigiri vatsigiri vanoshandisa Laffer Curve kuti varatidze mazano avo. Arthur Laffer akaratidza kuti kutengesa kwemutero kunopa sei simba rokuwedzera kuwedzera. Nokufamba kwenguva, vanoita kukura zvakakwana kuti vatsivire hurumende inowanikwa kubva pamatombo. Izvi ndezvekuti hupfumi huri kubudirira, hwakabudirira hunopa huwandu hwemitero.
Asi Laffer akanyevera kuti izvi zvinobudirira zvinoshanda zvikuru kana mitero iri mu "Inorambidza Range." Iyi ibha inobva kubva ku100 muzana mutero wepamusoro kune imwe nzvimbo inofungidzira pane imwe nzvimbo pakati. Kana huwandu hwemitero inowira pasi pehuwandu huno, ipapo kuwedzerwa kunowedzera kuchaderedza hurumende yemari pasina kukurudzira kuwedzera kwehupfumi .
Apo Kundisa-Pasi Pfungwa Zvinoshanda
Munguva yeReagan Administration , yakaita sekutsika-pasi kwehupfumi kwakashanda. Mazano ake, anozivikanwa seReaganomics , akabatsira kuguma kwekufambira mberi kwe1980 .
Reagan mutengo wemitengo zvikuru. Mutero wepamusoro wemitero wakabva kubva ku70 muzana (kune avo vanowana $ 108,000 +) kusvika 28 muzana (kune munhu ane mari ye $ 18 500 kana kupfuura). Reagan inocherawo mutero wekambani inosvika kubva 46 muzana kusvika ku40 muzana.
Kunyengera-pasi kwehupfumi haisi iyo chete chikonzero chekudzorera, zvakadaro. Reagan yakawedzerawo mari yehurumende ne 2.5 muzana pagore. Inenge inopetwa katatu nemadhora ehurumende, kubva pa $ 997 mabhiriyoni muna 1981 kusvika ku $ 2.85 trillion muna 1989. Mazhinji emari akashanda akazvidzivirira. Yakatsigira kuedza kweReagan kupedza Cold War uye kuunza pasi Soviet Union.
Kunyengera-pasi kwehupfumi, nenzira yakachena, haina kumboedzwa. Izvi zvinongodaro kuti hurumende yakawanda inoshandiswa nehurumende yakaguma kuderera.
Mutungamiri George W. Bush akashandisa mitemo yepamusoro-soro yekugadzirisa kutengesa kwenyika muna 2001 . Akachera mitero yemari neEGTRRA . Izvozvo zvakagumisa kuderera kwaNovember kwegore iroro.
Asi kushaiwa kwemabasa kwakasvika kusvika 6 muzana . Izvo zvinowanzowanzoitika, nokuti urombo huri chiratidzo chekudzivirira. Zvinotora nguva kumakambani kutanga kutorazve, kunyange mushure mokunge dambudziko rekudarika rakapera.
Somugumisiro, Bush anochera mitero yemabhizimisi neJGTRRA muna 2003.
Zvaiita sokuti kutengesa kwemitero kwakashanda. Asi, panguva imwecheteyo, Federal Reserve yakaderedza mari yakawanda yemari . Yakabva kubva pamapfumbamwe kusvika ku1 muzana. Hazvinyatsozivikanwi kana kutengesa mutero kana mutemo wemari kwakakonzera kupora.
Kunyengedza-pasi kwehupfumi kunotaura kuti reagan uye Bush zvakagadziriswa mutero zvinofanira kunge zvakabatsira vanhu mumatambudziko ose. Pane kudaro, zvakasiyana zvakaitika. Kubvisa kusaenzana kwakawedzera. Pakazosvika 1979 na2005, mutero wemhuri mushure mokunge wakasimuka wakasimuka 6 kubva muzana yechishanu yepasi . Izvozvo zvinonzwika kusvikira iwe uchiona zvakaitika kune wechishanu. Mari yavo yakawedzera ne80 muzana. Iko 1% yepamusoro yakawana mubayiro wavo katatu. Panzvimbo pokuderera pasi, zvinoratidzika kuti kubudirira kwakaputika.
Sei Tichifanira Kuongorora-Kuderera Kwemari Kunobatsira Nhasi
Pasinei nokukanganisa kwayo, kushandiswa kweRepublican shingairira kuderedza zvidzidzo zvezvemari kutungamira hurongwa.
Muna 2017, Republican Mutungamiri Donald Trump akaronga kutema mitero yezvikwata uye vapfumi. Akataura kuti kutengesa mutero kune zvikwereti uye zvikamu zvevanhu vose vanoita zvishoma kudarika $ 50,000 pagore. Hurongwa wehutori hweTump unogona kuderedza kushandiswa kwemutengo wekambani kusvika 20 muzana. Inoderedza mitero yemari yemari , inowedzera kubhadhara kwemazuva ose , uye yakabvisa kusunungurwa kwomunhu oga .Vatori Policy Center yakawana kuti avo vanowana mu-1% yepamusoro vaizogamuchira mazana akawanda emitero yakaderedzwa kupfuura iyo iri mumadhora mashoma. Pakazosvika 2027, avo vari pasi pe20 muzana mari yepamusoro vaizobhadhara mitero yakakwirira.
Akati aizowedzera kukura zvakakwana kuti zviite kuti chikwereti chiwedzere. Asi Joint Committee on Taxation yakashuma kuti mutemo uyu waizowedzera $ 1 triliyoni kunyange mushure mekunge kusanganisira kubhadhara mitero kunokonzera kukura kwezvekurima. Icho hachizosimudzira kukura zvakakwana kukanganisa kuderedza 'kurasika mumari.
Muna 2010, sangano reTe Party rakasimuka rikava nesimba mukati mekusarudza kwepakati. Vaida kuderedza kushandiswa kwehurumende nemitero. Somugumisiro, Congress yakaratidza mutengo webhadha weBush , kunyange kune avo vanoita $ 250,000 kana kupfuura.