11 Zvinokonzera Economic Recession

Apo Asset Bubble Inopisa, A Recession Kazhinji Inotevera

Kubudirira kwezvehupfumi kunokonzerwa nekurasikirwa kwebhizimisi uye kuvimba kwevatengi . Sezvo kuvimba kunodzokorora, ndizvo zvinoda. Ichi ndicho chikonzero chekusimudzira mubhizimisi . Ndiyo apo nheyo yacho, inofambidzana nekusagadzikana kwekusagadzikana , inopinda mukuputika .

Kurasikirwa kwechivimbo kunoita kuti vashandi varege kutenga uye vaende mumutambo wokudzivirira. Pane imwe nguva inotyisa inofamba ichienda kune chiratidzo chekubuda, kunetseka kunopinda.

Mabhizimisi anowedzera kushambadzira kwemabasa mashomanana uye hupfumi inowedzera mashoma mabasa. Vagadziri vanocheka kumashure mukutarisana nekuwa kwemirairo. Nhamba yekusashanda inowedzera . kuti vadzorere chivimbo, hurumende yehurumende nebhandi guru rinofanira kugara richipinda.

Ndapota cherechedzai: kuderera kwezvakakosha mumuchero wekugadzirwa kwechibereko chiratidzo chokuti kuderera kunogona kuitika, asi kazhinji hachisi chikonzero. Izvozvo ndezvokuti GDP inongoratidzwa chete pashure pekupera kwekota. Nenguva iyo GDP yakashandura zvisina kunaka, kutengesa kwekodzero kunogona kutotanga kuitika.

Zvamunoda kuita ndezvikonzero zvinokonzera zvikonzero uye zviratidzo, kusati kwaitika. Heano zvimwe zvikonzero zvinokosha zvekuderera:

1. High-interest rates . Kana mitengo ichikwira, inogadzirisa zvisizvo , kana kuti mari inowanikwa kuisa mari. Chinonyanya kukosha chaiva Federal Reserve, iyo yaiwanzosimudza chibereko chekuda kuchengetedza kukosha kwedhora. IFed yakasimudza mitero yehondo yakagadziriswa, zvichikonzera 1980 kutengesa. Izvo zvakaita chinhu chimwechete kudzivirira dhora / hukama hwegoridhe, kuwedzera kuwedzera kwekudarika kukuru.

1. A market market crash. Kurasikirwa kamwe kamwe kwekuvimba mukutsvaga mari kunogona kuumba mushure mechikwata chebhebhe , kubudisa mari kubva kune mabhizinesi. Hezvino nzira yekuparara kwemusika wekutengeswa kunogona kukonzera kuderera .
2. Kuwa kwemaimba emari uye kutengesa. Sezvo vagari vemunharaunda vachirasikirwa nekuenzanisa, zvinomanikidzira kuderedzwa mumari sezvo vasingakwanisi kutora chikwereti chechipiri mari. Nokufamba kwenguva, zvichaita kuti zvive mberi. Ichi chaiva chigamba chekutanga chakatora Kubva Kudzoka, asi nokuda kwezvikonzero zvakasiyana. Mabhengi ayo akarasikirwa nemari pamatambudziko akaoma zvichienderana nehutano hwemhuri.

1. Kuchechera kwekutengesa mazano . Mirairo yezvinhu zvakagadziriswa yakatanga kuwira muna Gumiguru 2006, nyika isati yakwana.
2. Massive swindles. Mari yekuchengetedza uye mari yakakonzera kupera kwema 1990. Mabanki anopfuura 1 000 (mazana emadhora emadhora mazana mashanu emadhora) akakundikana semugumisiro wenyika flips, zvikwereti zvinokanganisika, nemabasa asina pamutemo.
3. Deregulation . Mbeu yeS & L crisis yakasimwa muna 1982 apo Garn-St. Germain Depository Institutions Mutemo wakapiwa. Izvi zvakabvisa mitemo pamakweretheni-ku-kuenzanisa ratios pamabhengi aya.
4. Mutengo-mutengo wekutonga. Nenzira yakanaka, izvi zvakangoitika kamwechete, apo Mutungamiri Nixon akachengetedza mitengo yakakwirira, kuderedza kuda. Vashandi vakasiya vashandi nokuti vakanga vasingabvumirwi kuderedza mari.
5. Inononoka pasi mushure mehondo. Izvi zvakakonzera kutengesa kwenyika muna 1953, zvichienderana neKorea WaR , uye 1945 recession, shure kweHondo Yenyika II.
6. Credit crunch. Izvi zvakaitika apo Bear Stearns yakaratidza kurasikirwa nekuda kwekuwisira kwemazana maviri emari yemari yaive nayo. Mari yacho yakave yakabhadharwa zvikuru muzvikwereti zvezvikwereti . Apo Moody akaderedza chikwereti chayo, iyo, mabhengi aive mune imwe mamiriro akapfuura-inotengeswa akatya. Vakarega kukweretesa kune mumwe nemumwe, vachigadzira chikwereti chakakura.

1. Asset bubbles : Iyi ndiyo iyo mitengo yemakambani emakambani, zvikwata kana dzimba zvinoderedzwa kunze kwehupenyu hunogara huripo. Iko bhururo pachayo inotanga danho rekuderera kwematambudziko kuti riitike kana richipera.
2. Kusarura , izvo zvinokurudzira vanhu kumirira kusvikira mitengo yakaderera. Izvi zvakagadzirisa Kukura Kwekukuru .

Cause ya 2008 Recession

Kushamwaridzana kusinganzwisisiki mumusika wemisha kwakaita kuti vanhu vakawanda vatenge dzimba dzavasingagoni kuwana. Munhu wese anofunga kuti dzimba dzekutengesa dzinogona kukwira chete. Kudyirwa kunofanira kunge kwakaita kuti zvikwereti zviwedzere muna 2004. Kuderera kwekubhadhara kwakasununguka muna 2004 ne2005 kwakabatsira kuvaka denga reimba. Kushamwaridzana kwakashata kwakagadziridzwa zvakare sezvo vashandi vakawanda vakashandisa zviduku zvinotenga kutenga misha kuti vawane resell. Vamwe vakatenga dzimba dzavakanga vasingakwanisi kutenga nekuda kwechikwereti chete .

Muna 2006, bubble yakavhurika sezvo matengo emba akatanga kumira.

Ichi chakabata varidzi veminda vakawanda kubva kune varindi, avo vakanga vatora chikwereti nemari shoma pasi. Sezvo vachiziva kuti vaizorasikirwa nemari nokutengesa imba yacho zvishoma kudarika zvavakatengesa, vakafanotaura. Kuwedzera kwekudzivirira kwekuvhara kwekutengesa kwakavhundutsa mabanki akawanda uye hedge funds . Vakanga vatenga zvikwereti zvinotsigira mari pamushamba wechipiri uye iye zvino tiri kutarisana nekurashikirwa kukuru.

Nenguva yaAugust 2007, mabhenji akatya kubhadhara chikwereti nokuti havana kuda kuti zvikwereti zvinosvibisa zvive zvikwereti. Izvi zvakaita kuti pave ne $ 700 mabhiriyoni ekubhailout , uye kushandiswa kwehurumende kana hurumende kugadzirisa Bear Stearns , AIG , Fannie Mae , Freddie Mac, IndyMac Bank, uye Washington Mutual . Pakazosvika December 2008, basa raive richiderera zvishoma kupfuura muna 2001 recession .

Muna 2009, hurumende yakatanga hurongwa hwehupfumi . Yakanga yakagadzirirwa kushandisa $ 185 mabhiriyoni muna 2009. Uye chaizvoizvo, yakagumisa kuderera kwechina kubva muGDP kuburikidza nechetatu yegore 2009, zvichiguma nekuderera . Asi, kushaiwa kwemabasa kwakaramba kuchiwedzera kusvika 10 kubva muzana uye vatungamiri vemabhizimisi vakawanda vachiri kutarisira kutengesa kwemaini kwakagadzirwa neW pakupera kwegore ra2010. Kuwedzera kwehuwandu hwemabasa hwakaramba huripo muna 2011.

Zvinokonzera 2001 Kudzoka kwa2001

Kushamwaridzana kusinganzwisisiki mu high tech kwakakonzera kukwidziridzwa kwenyika muna 2001 . Muna 1999, kwaiva nehupfumi mune zvemakombiyuta uye software yekutengesa yakakonzerwa neY2K kutya. Makambani mazhinji uye vanhu vakazvitenga vatsva purogiramu dzemakombiyuta kuti vaone kuti software yavo yaive yakakwana Y2K. Izvi zvaireva kuti kodhi yekushandisa yaizogona kunzwisisa mutsauko pakati pe2000 ne1900. Ndiyo nokuti minda yakawanda mukati memutsetse iwoyo iine nzvimbo mbiri chete, kwete iyo inofanirwa kusiyanisa zvachose mazuva maviri. Somugumisiro, mutengo wematengo emakambani mazhinji e-tech yakatanga kuwedzera. Izvi zvakaita kuti mari yakawanda yevatengesi vaende kune chero ipi zvayo yekambani yakakwirira yepamusoro, ingave iri kuratidza zvikwereti kana kwete. Iko kushamisira kwekambani dzema dot-com kwakave kusina musoro.

Yakave yakajeka munaJanuary 2000 kuti kombiyuta yemirairo yakanga ichatsika. Irofu hupenyu hwemakombiyuta akawanda anenge makore maviri. Makambani akanga achangotenga zvese zvaaida. Izvi zvakakonzera kutengeswa kwemusika wekutengeswa muna March 2000. Sezvo mutengo wematengo wakaramba, saka kukosha kwekambani dzepa dot.com uye vakawanda vakashaya mari.

Pasinei nekutengeswa kwemahombekiti muHarare 2000, Federal Reserve yakaramba ichisimudzira mhindu yemari kune imwe yepamusoro ye6.25 muzana muna May 2000. Fed haina kutanga kutsika kusvika kusvika munaJanuary 2001, uye yakaideredza iyo inenge chikamu chepiri pamwedzi mumwe nomumwe , vachizorora pa1,75 muzana munaDecember 2001. Izvi zvakachengetedza chido chekuda mari apo hupfumi hwakada mari shoma yezvikwereti zvishoma zvebhizimisi uye mari yekugadzirisa mari.

Chii Chinokonzera Izvo Zvokudzoka

Zvakaoma kutaura zvakananga kuti kuenderera mberi kwematambudziko kunozoitika sei. Asi iwe unogona kutengesa iyo ichange iine humwe huwandu hwehuwandu hwekubhadharwa kwezvikwereti izvo zvinokonzera kushamwaridzana kusinganzwisisiki kune chikamu chevatengesi. Kana Dhesi ichisimudza mavhesi munguva pfupi kana kuti yakakurumidza, ichaputika bubble, iyo inotyisa kutyisa nekukonzera kutengesa.