Mhando dzeHurumende

by Kimberly Amadeo

3 Mhando Dzokutanga Plus 6 Zvakawanda - Ndeipi Inonyanya Kuipa?

Iko kune mitatu mikuru mizhinji yekusashaya basa : hurongwa, kushamwaridzana uye kuchinja. Iviri yekutanga inoumba uwandu hwekushaya mabasa. Kubuda kwechitatu kunodiwa kudiwa , kazhinji munguva yekuderera . Dzimwe nyanzvi dzezvemari dzinotsanangura dzakawanda sezvipi zvishanu zvehuwandu hwehusha hwemabasa, dzakadai semwaka uye zvekare.

Ichi chinyorwa chinopfupisa mapfumbamwe marudzi ekushaiwa basa. Kushamwaridzana kune mamwe mashoko akajeka akabatanidzwa kana uchida kudzidza zvakawanda. Uyewo ona kuti kushaiwa basa kunowedzerwa, uye nei dzimwe nyanzvi dzichiti hazvina kutora kukosha kwehuwandu hwemabasa. Dzidza kuti kushanda kweUnited States kwakashandura sei kupfuura nguva.

01 Kusashaya Kwemhuka

Ikoko pachava nehumwe hutano hwekusashaya basa, kunyange mune hupfumi hwehutano.

Iyo yakaderera pasi yehusha hwemabasa yaiva 2.5 muzana, kunze kwekunge Hondo yeKorea . Icho chaiva hupfumi hwehupfumi hwakakurumidza kutungamirira kuhupfumi. Ndicho chikonzero chimiro chekushaya mabasa kwema 4.5 - 5.0 muzana inoratidza zviratidzo zvine utano.

Kusava kwemaitiro kwepanyama kunoumbwa nematatu emhando mikuru mitatu yekushaiwa basa: kukanganisa uye kurongeka.

02 Frictional Unemployment

Kuputika kwehupfumi kunosvika apo vashandi vanosiya mabasa avo ekare asi vasati vawana zvitsva. Nguva zhinji vashandi vanobva vachizvidira, zvichida nekuti vanoda kutama, kana kuti vakachengetedza mari yakakwana kuti vabvumire kutsvaka basa riri nani.

Kusagadzikana kwehupfumi kunowanikwawo apo vadzidzi vari kutsvaga basa iroro rokutanga, kana kuti vanaamai vari kudzokera kubasa. Izvi zvinoitikawo kana vashandi vachidzingwa kana, mune dzimwe nguva, vakagadzirirwa nekuda kwezvikonzero zvebhizimisi-zvakadai, sekuvhara kwemati.

Kushushikana kwehupfumi kunotsvaga kwenguva pfupi uye chikamu chenyama chekutsvaga basa. Kutaura zvazviri, kusagadzikana kwehutano kwakakosha pfuma, sezvo inobvumira vashandi kuenda kumabasa kwavanogona kuwedzera.

03 Kusagadzikana kwemabasa

Kusava nemabasa kwehutano ndechokuti kushanduka kwemaitiro kunowanikwa muhupfumi hunoita kuti pave nekusawirirana pakati pevashandi vane unyanzvi uye unyanzvi hunodiwa nevashandi.

Muenzaniso ndeye apo bhizimusi rinopisa vashandi vemagetsi uye vanovatsiva nemabhoti. Vashandi vanofanira kudzidza kudzidzira nzira dzekushandisa marobho akaatsiva. Avo vasingadi kubhadhara mamwe mabasa kana kuti vachasangana nekushaiwa basa kwenguva refu.

Kuwedzerwa kwemakore akawanda kunowanzokonzera urombo hwemabasa. Kana vashandi vachigara vasingashandi kwenguva refu, unyanzvi hwavo hunogona kunge husati wapera. Kunze kwekuti ivo vachida uye vachikwanisa kutora basa rezasi, vasina ruzivo, vanogona kuramba vasingashandi kunyange kana hupfumi huchidzoka. Kana izvi zvikaitika, kusagadzikana kwemabasa kunotungamirira kuhuwandu hwekushaya mabasa.

04 Kushanda Kwemabasa

Kushanda kwemhirizhonga haisi chikamu chekushaya kwehuwandu hwemabasa. Iko kunokonzerwa nechikamu chekudzivirira kwebhizimisi . Ndiyo apo kudiwa kwezvigadzirwa nemabasa zvinowira zvinoshamisa, kumanikidzira mabhizinesi kuti aise huwandu hwevashandi kuderedza mari.

Kushingaira kwemaitiro kunowanzoita kuti pave nehuwandu hwemabasa. Izvi ndechokuti vashandi vakarambidzwa vane mari shoma yekutenga zvinhu zvavanoda, vachiwedzera kuderedza chido.

Hurumende inopindira, muchimiro chekuwedzera kwemari yemitemo uye kunyange mutemo wehurumende, inowanzodiwa kuti irege kudzikisa. Mushure mekuputsika kwemusika wekutengeswa kwegore ra1929 , hurumende haina kupinda pakarepo. Izvi zvakaita kuti kuve nekuderera kukuru, kwakapedza makore gumi uye kwakatungamirira kune 25 muzana yehuwandu hwemabasa.

05 Kusashaya Kwenguva refu

Basa risina nguva refu rinowanikwa kune avo vanoshingaira vachitsvaka basa kwevhiki dzinopfuura 27. Migumisiro inoparadza. Vashandirwi vakawanda vanoteerera mumwe munhu ari kutarisa kwenguva refu. Izvo zvepfungwa uye zvemari zvinogona kukanganisa zvikuru. Zvinosuruvarisa, chikamu chepamusoro chevasina basa chinowira munharaunda iyi kupfuura dambudziko risati rapera kana kuti mavambo ekutanga.

06 Kusashaya Kwechokwadi

Basa rechokwadi harisi rimwe remhando dzekushaiwa basa, asi ndiro izwi raunoda kunzwisisa. Vanhu vazhinji vanopikisa kuti pane nzvimbo "yepamutemo" yekusashanda kwemabasa, tinofanira kushandisa imwe yero yakaenzaniswa neB BLS. Ichi chiyero chinonzi " chairo" chekushaya kwehuwandu hwemabasa , uye inoshandisa tsanangudzo yakazara yekusashaya basa. Nekuda kwekushaya kwehuwandu hwemabasa, BLS inosanganisira idzi zvitatu:

Pakati pekubatanidzwa vanhu vasina kutarisira basa mumavhiki mana apfuura, asi vakatarisa mukati megore rapfuura. Ichi chikamu chinosanganisirawo:
Vashandi vakaora mwoyo ndivo avo vakasiya basa vachitsvaka basa.
Vashandi venguva pfupi vanoda basa renguva yakazara.

Vamwe vanhu vanopikisa kuti kushaya kwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwemabasa munguva yekutengesa kwema2008 kwaive kwakakwirira sekuma 25 muzana muHurumende yekuderera. Asi izvi hazvisi chokwadi. Iko "yechokwadi" yeU-6 iyo yakasvika kusvika 17.5 muzana muna Gumiguru 2009, kureba kwekushaiwa basa mumatambudziko makuru.

07 Kusarohwa Kwemwaka

Dzimwe nzvimbo dzinosanganisira kusagadzikana kwemazuva semhando yechina yekusashaya basa. Icho chikamu chekusashaya kwepanyama.

Kufanana nezita raro rinoreva, kusagadzikana kwemwaka kunokonzerwa nekuchinja kwemuwaka. Vashandi vanokonzerwa nekushaikwa kwemabasa kwemwaka vanosanganisira vashandi vekushanda, vadzidzisi vekuchikoro nevekrimu vatengesi. Inogonawo kusanganisira vanhu vanokohwa zvirimwa. Vashandi vekuvaka vanoiswa kunze munguva yechando, munzvimbo dzakawanda dzenyika. Vashandi vekuchikoro vanogonawo kuonekwa sevashandi venguva.

I-BLS haina kuenzanisa kusasarirwa kwemakore. Pane kudaro, inogadzirisa kusarirwa kwayo kwehuwandu hwemabasa kutonga kunze kwemwaka. Izvi zvinopa kuongororwa kwakajeka kwezinga risina basa.

08 Chikoro Chekushaya Basa

Kusava nemabasa kwechiGiriki kunozivikanwawo se "mubhadharo chaiwo wemabasa" kana "kusagadzikana kwebasa." Ndiyo apo mubhadharo wakakwirira kudarika mitemo yekupa uye kuda kunowanzomira. Inowanzoitika mumamiriro matatu:

Sangano rezvematongerwo enyika rinotaurirana nezvemari mikuru uye zvikwereti
Yenguva refu zvibvumirano zvinosarudza mubairo wakave wakanyanya kukwirira nekuda kwematambudziko.
Hurumende inogadzirisa mari shoma inowedzera .

Chigumisiro ndechekuti makambani anofanira kubhadhara mamwe mabasa ese, saka vanogona kupa vashoma vashumiri. Izvo zvakaiswa kunze ndezvakaipa zvekushaya basa kwechikoro.

09 Kuwedzera basa

Vashandi vasingashandeki vane mabasa, asi haasi kushanda kuti vawane simba ravo kana hutano hwavo. Izvi zvinosanganisira avo vari kushanda chikamu chemazuva asi vanogona kusarudza basa renguva yakazara uye avo vari kushanda mumabasa kwavasina kushandiswa. Kuwedzerwa kwebasa kunowanzokonzerwa nekushaya mabasa. Munguva yekuderera, vashandi vasingashandi vanotora zvavanogona kuti vawane zvigaro.

Dzimwe tsanangudzo dzisina basa dzinosanganisira kusava nebasa. Zvimwe zvinosanganisira zvikamu zvehurumende izvo zvisingabatanidzwi muzvinyorwa zvese zvekusashaya basa asi zvinowanikwa muhuwandu hwekushaya mabasa. Nokudaro, kunzwisisa kwekusava nebasa kunobatsira kuwana mufananidzo mukuru wekusashaya basa.