Bond Inofanirwa Nhaurwa Sensitivity
Kutanga, ngationgororei mamwe emamiriro ezvinhu anowanzoendesa kumazinga akakwirira:
- Kuwedzera kwehupfumi hwehupfumi
- Kukurira kuwedzera kwezvinhu
- Kuwedzera zvinotarisirwa kuti Federal Reserve ichasimudza zvishoma zvishoma pane imwe nguva mune ramangwana
- Kuwedzera kwekudya kwehutano, izvo zvinoita kuti vatengesi vatengese mari shoma shoma dzekutsvaga mari (iyo inotambisa mari yepamusoro, uye inotsika pasi) uye kutenga mabhizimisi epamusoro (izvo zvinoita kuti mitengo iwedzere uye inodhura).
Nezvozvi mupfungwa, hezvi mazvikwereti matanhatu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinofanira kutariswa kana tichitsvaga kudzivirirwa apo chero ipi zvayo inotarisa inotengesa kuwedzera kwemitengo:
Zvikwereti zveBonds
Kusiyana ne-plain-vanilla bond, iyo inopa chikwereti chakasarudzwa chechido, chikwata chechikwata chinoshandiswa chinenge chichienzanisa chinowanzogadzirisa nguva nenguva. Kubudirira kwekutenderera-kutengesa zvisungo, zvichienzaniswa nehutano hwezvisungo, iyo inowanikwa nehuwandu hwehuwandu inonyanya kubviswa kubva kuan equation. Kunyange zvazvo muridzi wehutano hwakasarudzwa hunogona kutambura kana huwandu hwezvikwereti huchikwira, kutenderera kwemashoko kunogona kubhadhara michero yakawanda kana huwandu huripo huchikwira.
Somugumisiro, vanowanzoita zviri nani kudarika zvidimbu zvezvisungo kana zvikwereti zvinowedzera.
Bhuku Renguva Pfupi
Kushanda kwenguva pfupi zvisungo hazvipi zvinokwana zvakafanana nevanosangana navo kwenguva refu, asi zvinopawo hutano huzhinji apo matangi anotanga kukwira. Kunyangwe kunyange nyaya dzenguva pfupi dzingave dzakakonzerwa nekukwira kwemitengo, huwandu huri kunyanya kuderedzwa kupfuura huri kwenguva refu .
Pane zvikonzero zviviri zveizvi: 1) nguva kusvika kukura ifupi kwenguva duku zvokuti matanho ekuwedzera kwezvikwereti munguva yehupenyu hwechibvumirano iri shoma, uye 2) zvisungo zvenguva pfupi zvine nguva shoma, kupfuura chikwereti kwenguva refu.
Somugumisiro, kugoverwa kwechikwereti kwenguva pfupi kunogona kubatsira kuderedza kukosha kwokuti kuwedzera kwemitengo kunogona kuva nehuwandu hwehupfumiro yako.
Kukurukurira Zvakakwirira Zvikwereti
Bhizimisi- zvipfeko zvisungo zviri pamucheto we riskier weiyo yakagadziriswa mari inoshandiswa, saka inenge yakasiyana-siyana iyo inogona kubuda kunze panguva dzekukwira kwemari. Zvisinei, inonyanya kukonzerwa nehuwandu hwekukohwa ndeyengozi yechikwereti , kana kuti mukana wekuti mupi wekusununguka angave asina kukwana . Kudyidzana kwezvibereko zvepamusoro, seboka, zvinogona kunyatsomira zvakanaka kana mitengo ichikwira nokuti inowanzova nenguva yakaderera (zvakare, shoma inowanikwa mutengo senzwi) pane dzimwe mhando dzezvisungo zvakafanana. Uyezve, zvibereko zvavo zvinowanzokwira zvakakwana zvokuti kuchinja kwemazinga aripo haatori sekukura kwezvibereko zvayo kupfuura Mari yehupfumi sezvo ichiita chisungo nemuchero muduku.
Kubva pangozi yekwereti ndiyo inotyaira mutengesi wepamusoro wehutano hwekushanda, sarudzo yekodhi inowanzobatsirwa nehupfumi huri nani.
Izvi hazvisi chokwadi kune dzose nzvimbo dzebhizimisi rekutengesa kubva mukukura kwakasimba kunowanzoperekedzwa nemazinga akareba. Somugumisiro, nharaunda yekukura nokukurumidza inogona kubatsira kukura kwepamusoro kunyange sekurwadziwa kwePfuma kana dzimwe nzvimbo dzisingatarisirwi pamusika.
Emerging Market Bonds
Kufanana nehuwandu hwezvibereko, zvikwereti zvinotengesa misika ndezvikwereti zvakanyanya kupfuura zvazvinenge zvisinganzwisisiki. Pano, vatengesi vanowanzotarisa zvakanyanya pane simba rekubhadhara mari rinobva munyika inobereka kupfuura ivo vanoita mazinga aripo. Somugumisiro, kuvandudza kukura kwenyika kunogona - asi kwete nguva dzose - kuva nemafambisirwo emakambani ekuwedzera emari kunyange zvazvo inowanzoendesa kumazinga akakwirira mumakambani akabudirira.
Muenzaniso wekutanga uyu waiva wekutanga wegore ra2012. Tsamba yezvinyorwa zvehupfumi zvakanyanya-kupfuura-zvakatarisirwa muUnited States zvakasvitsa chido chekuita mari yevatengesi, kutengesa kwemafambiro epamusoro uye zvichiita kuti guru rekutsinhanisa-yezvekutengesa mari (ETF) inoshandisa mari muUnited States - iShares Trust Barclays 20+ Year Treasury Bond ETF - kudzoka -5.62%.
Panguva imwecheteyo, zvakadaro, kuwedzera kwemaonero kwakakonzera kuwedzera kwechido chekuita zvekutsvaga mari uye kwakabatsira iShares JPMorgan USD Emerging Markets Bond Fund ETF yakabereka kudzoka kwakanaka kwe4.4%, chikamu chegumi chakazara chinotapira kupfuura TLT. Kusiyana kwacho hakusviki kuva iyi nguva yakawanda nguva, asi izvi zvinopawo pfungwa yekuti kubuda kwemari kwemakambani kunogona kubatsira kubvisa sei kukwira kwekuwedzera kwemari.
Convertible Bonds
Convertible bonds , iyo inobudiswa nemakambani, inogona kushandurwa kugoverana yekambani yekambani inobhadhara pamusungo webvumirwe. Sezvo izvi zvichiita zvisungo zvisingashanduki zvinonyanya kufunga nezvemashamba emabhizimisi ematengesi kunze kwechidimbu-vanilla bond, kune mikana yakawanda yokuti vanogona kusimuka mumatengo apo iyo yose mushamba wekutengeserana iri pasi pekumanikidzwa kubva kuwedzera kwemari. Maererano negwaro ra2002 reWall Street Journal, Merrill Lynch Convertible-Bond Index yakasimuka 18.1% kubva muna May 2003 kusvika muna May 2004 kunyange zvazvo Pfuma yakarasika inenge 0.5%, uye yakasimuka 40.5 kubva munaSeptember 1998 kusvika munaJanuary 2000 kunyange sePfuma yakarasika inenge 2 %.
Inverse Bond Funds
Vashandi vanove nemotokari yakasiyana-siyana kuti vashandise kutengesa mushamba wezvisungo kuburikidza ne ETFs uye mabhizimusi ekutengeserana (ETNs) anotamira kune zvakasiyana nechekuchengeteka kwepasi. Mune mamwe mazwi, kukosha kwechibvumirano chechirongwa che ETF chinomuka apo mushamba wehutano unowira, uye pamwe chete. Vashandi vanoitawo sarudzo yekuisa mari inowirirana-invers uye kunyange katatu-inverse bond ye ETFs, iyo inotarisirwa kugovera zvigadziro zvezuva nezuva izvo zviviri kana katatu zvinopesana nezvinoenderana nehuwandu hwepasi yavo, maererano. Pane hutano hwakasiyana-siyana hunoita kuti vatengesi vashandise mari yekuderera muAmerica Pfuma yezvikwereti zvakasiyana-siyana uyewo zvikamu zvakasiyana zvemusika (zvakadai sezvikwereti zvakanyanya-kutengeswa kana kushandiswa kwekodzero dzekambani dzebhizimisi.
Kunyange zvazvo kushandiswa kwezvinhu-kutengeserana kwezvinhu kunopa zvingasarudzwa kune vatengesi vanoita zvepamusoro, vazhinji vezvikwereti zvakagadziriswa mari inofanirwa kuchenjerera zvikuru nezvipfeko zvakasiyana. Kurasikirwa kunogona kukwira nokukurumidza, uye havateereri mairices avo ari pasi penguva yakawedzerwa nguva. Zvakare, bheji risina kukwana inogona kukanganisa kuwanikwa mune imwe nzvimbo yako yakasarudzwa mari yako - iko kukakunda chinangwa chako chenguva refu. Saka ziva kuti izvi zviriko, asi iva nechokwadi kuti unoziva zvauri kupinda iwe usati waita.
Zvaunofanira Kuzvidzivirira Kana Mitengo Inosvika
Vanhu vanoita zvakanyanya mumamiriro ekukwira kwepamusoro vanogona kunge vari kwenguva refu-zvisungo, kunyanya pakati pePfuma, Pfuma yePfuma yeHurumende-Zvidziviriro Zvidzivirirwa , zvibvumirano zvehurumende, uye masangano emumatare. " Bond kushandura " zvakadai sezvikwereti-kubhadhara zvikwereti , zvinogonawo kutasikirwa zvakakosha mumamiriro ezvinhu akakura.
The Bottom Line
Kupedza nguva ipi neipi yemusika kwakaoma, uye nguva yekufambisa kwechido chekufambisa kwemafambiro ndeyekukwanisika kune varairi vese. Somugumisiro, funga nezvezvisarudzo zviri pamusoro apa semotokari kuti uwedzere kuderedza huwandu hwehupfumi. Nokufamba kwenguva, nzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzinogona kukubatsira kuti uwedzere mararamiro ako ekudarika kune huwandu hwakazara hwekuda kwehuwandu hwezviitiko.
Zvinonzwisisika : Mashoko ari pawebsite ino anopa mazano ekukurukurirana chete, uye haafaniri kushandiswa zvisina kunaka sekutsvaga mazano. Pasinei nemamiriro ezvinhu iyo ruzivo runomiririra hutungamiri kutenga kana kutengesa zvigumisiro. Taura nemudzidzisi wezvemari uye muteresi wezvemitero usati waita mari.