Vashandi, zvakare, vanotenga zvisungo zvekubatana nokuti vanowanzopa zvibereko zvakakwirira kudarika zvinowanika munyaya dzehurumende.
Zvisungo zvehurumende zvakagadzira pakati pe18 ne20% yebato reUnited bond rese mumakore achangopfuura, asi mari yakawanda yakachengetedzwa yakave yakatakura zvakanyanya kuwedzera mumamiriro e-low-yield zvakasungwa pahurumende zvisungo.
Kukoshesa Bonds Bhurumende
Vatengesi vanowanzoongorora zvibatanisi zvehurumende kuburikidza nokutarisa zvibereko zvavo, kana kuti " zvibereko zvinopararira ," maererano neUnited States Pfuma . (Pfuma ndiyo inofanirwa kubva kune iyo inoratidzika seyo zvachose isina mungozi). mari yakawanda yemari pamashizha avo ekuenzanisa-funga Microsoft, Exxon, nezvimwe- - inogona kupa zvipfeko nezvibereko zvishoma sezvo vashandi vanovimba kuti makambani haazovipo (kureva,, kana kutora chikwereti).
Kusiyana neizvi, makambani akaderera (avo vane zvikwereti zvakanyanya kana mabhizimisi anounza mararamiro asingakwanisiki emitambo) vanofanira kupa zvibereko zvakakwirira kuti vanyengere vatengesi kuti vatenge zvisungo zvavo.
Vashandi vekutsvaga, uyewo, vanoita sarudzo pamwe chete nehuwandu hwehutambudzi huri pasi / zvibereko zvishoma kana kuti huwandu hwehutano / hukuru hwezvibereko zvichienderana nezvinangwa zvavo. Kubva muna 1996 kusvika muna 2012, yekutengesa mabhizinesi emabhizimisi emabhizimisi akaenzanisa zvibereko zvinotapira zvinokwana 1.67 kubva muzana kubva kuUnited States.
Vashandi vanogonawo kusarudza pakati pezvenguva pfupi, pakati nepakati uye kwenguva refu .
Nhepfenyuro dzenguva pfupi dzinowanzobhadhara zvibereko zvishoma pane pfungwa yokuti pane imwe nguva yakaderera iyo kambani inogona kuparara mumakore matatu (apo pane chokwadi chekare) kupfuura iyo yaizodarika makore makumi matatu (apo vatengesi vane zvakawanda kunyanya kuonekwa mune ramangwana). Kusiyana neizvi, kusungwa kwenguva refu kwenguva yakareba kunopa zvibereko zvakakwirira, asiwo zvinowanzova zvakanyanya kuwedzera.
Vatungamiri vezvekutsvaga vanoedza kuwedzera kukosha kwevatengi vavo pamwe chete nemitambo iyi, kubatanidza zvisungo zvehutano hwakasiyana, zvibereko, uye kukohwa kwekwereti kuitira kuti zvibudirire zvakakwana kusanganiswa kwedambudziko nekudzoka.
Nengozi Ndezvipi Bonds Bonds?
Bhutisheni dzehurumende, seboka, dzakawana hutsika hwakanyanya hwekusiya pane nguva. Zvikwata zvepamusoro-soro, kunyanya, zvine mukana wakaoma zvikuru wekusavapo. Mune nguva kubva muna 1920 kusvika muna 2009, zvibvumirano nezvikwereti zvakanyanya zvakanyanya - AAA - zvakasara zvishoma pane 1% yenguva. Somugumisiro, vatengesi mune humwe hutano vanogona kuderedza dambudziko ravo kuburikidza nekutarisa pamatambudziko akakwirira .
Mari yeBond uye mari yekuchinjana- yezvekutengesa (ETFs) ine zvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvezvipingamupinyi nekuti, kusiyana nemabatanidzwa evanhu, hapana hutano hwakasimbiswa zuva. Zvinhu zviviri zvinogona kukanganisa kushanda kwemari yehurumende mari ndeyekuti:
- Kuwedzera mhindu yemari: Sezvo kusungirwa kwehurumende kunotengeswa pa "chibereko chavo chakapararira" zvichienderana neHumari, kushambadzira muhutano hwehurumende hurumende kunobatsira zvakakwana kuzvibereko zvehutano hwezvekambani. Semuenzaniso, kusungwa kwehutano kunobatsira imwechete yepamusoro yepamusoro pehupfumi, uye chibereko pamakore gumi-makore inotora kubva pa2% kusvika ku3%. Zvibereko pahutano hwehutano huchafanirwawo kusimuka nehuwandu hwepakati kuitira kuti kupararira kugare kwakafanana. Ramba uchifunga mupfungwa dzako, matengo uye zvibereko zvinotarisana nenzira dzakasiyana .
- Vashandi vanoona zvakanakira dambudziko: Kunyange zvazvo nyaya dzinofadza dzichiita kuti vatengesi vave nechido chekutora mungozi yakawanda yekubatanidza zvisungo zvehurumende, kukanganisa mune zvehupfumi hwepasi rese kunogona kuita kuti vatengi vemusika vave dambudziko rakawanda-uye vanoita kuti vatsvake zvikwereti zvakachengeteka , zvakadai sehurumende bhandi kana mari yemusika mari .
The Performance of Corporate Bonds
Nokufamba kwenguva, zvibatanidza zvehurumende zvakapa vashandi mabhizimusi anonakidza kumushandi anotengesa. Mumaawa matatu, mashanu uye gumi-makore akapera musi wa 31, 2013, Bharclays Corporate Investment Grade Index yakanga yapa huwandu hwegore rehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu hunokwana 5.36%, 8.63% uye 5.33%. Munguva imwecheteyo, iyo yakawanda yekushambadzira-bhizimisi yebhizimisi yemakethe - yakaenzana neBarclays Yakawanda US Bond Index - yakadzoka 3.26%, 4.44% uye 4.55%.
Nzira Yokugadzirisa Sei Muzvikwereti Zvehurumende
Kune nzira mbiri dzekutsvaga muhutano hwekambani. Kutanga, vatengesi vanogona kutenga humwe hutano hwekambani kuburikidza nemutengesi. Vaya vanosarudza nzira iyi vanofanira kuva nekwanisi yekutsvakurudza mabhizimisi ekubudisa maitiro ezvakakosha kuti vaone kuti havatengi bhizimisi pangozi yekusafa. Uyewo, mutori wega muhutano hwekambani anofanira kuve nechokwadi chokuti huwandu hwavo hunoenderana zvakakwana pakati pezvisungo zvemakambani akasiyana-siyana, zvikamu (kureva, teknolojia, mari, nezvimwewo) uye matanho.
Chechipiri sarudzo ndeyekutsinhanisa kuburikidza nemari pamwe chete kana mari yekutsinhanisa-inoshandiswa (ETFs) inotarisana nezvisungo zvekambani. Kunyange zvazvo mari ine dambudziko rakasiyana-siyana pane hutano hwevanhu, sezvarondedzerwa pamusoro apa, ivo vanewo rubatsiro rwekusiyana-siyana uye unyanzvi hwekutarisira. Vashandi vanogona kushandisa zvishandiso zvakadai se Morningstar kana xtf.com kuti vaenzanise mari pamwe nemari, pamwe chete. Vashandi vanogadzirisawo mari yekutsvaga mari inotarirwa chete nezvisungo zvekambani zvakabudiswa nemakambani mumakambani akambotengeswa munyika dzakawanda uye mumisika inowedzera . Kunyange zvazvo mari iyi ine ngozi yakawanda kudarika vamwe vavo vekuAmerica, ivo vanewo mikana yepamusoro yekudzoka kwenguva refu.
The Bottom Line
Bhizinesi rehutano hwehutano hunopa vashandi mhando yakazara yezvasarudzo maererano nekuwana dambudziko uye kudzokera kusanganiswa kunovakodzera zvakanakisisa. Saka zvisungo zvehurumende ndezvimwe chikamu chikuru chezvikwereti zvakasiyana-siyana, zvine mari.