Kuti uwane pfungwa iri nani yekuti sei izvi zviri, zvinobatsira kunzwisisa zvinhu zvinotsigira chikwereti chechikwereti chebhadhadzi.
Nhauridzo dzinopiwa nehukuru hwemareji ehurumende dzakadai se Standard & Poor's, Moody's, uye Fitch, uye dzinobva pauri mukana hwokuti mupi wekusununguka achange asiripo, zvichienderana nehutano hwemari uye ramangwana. Somuenzaniso, masangano achaongorora zvinhu zvakaita se:
- Simba repeji yemari yekubudisa; kunyanya, chikwereti chayo chose uye simba remari yayo
- Kukwanisa kwaro kubhadhara chikwereti chayo kuburikidza nemari yakasara shure kwekubhadhara mari inodzingwa kubva pamari
- Mamiriro ayo emabhizimisi ezvino - kusanganisira mari yekuwedzera, marginal profit, etc. pamwe chete nemafungiro ayo emangwana, kusanganisira kukanganisa kwemaitiro emakambani, nzvimbo yekutonga, mutero wayo wemitero, kukwanisa kwayo kurwisa dambudziko rezvemari, nezvimwewo.
Mahofisi anotarisa mumwe munhu anopa chikwereti pamusana wechiremba zvichienderana nezvimwe nezvimwe zvinhu. Iko kuenzanisa kwakasiyana nedzimwe pakati pemasangano matatu, asi hukuru hwepamusoro - AAA yeFitch uye S & P, Aaa yeMoody's - inoratidza kuti chikwereti chinokwereta hachikwanisi kuregererwa pamatokari ayo.
Maitiro mana eAAA Makambani Akawana Kuwedzerwa Kwepamusoro kupfuura Hurumende
Nokuda kwechikwereti chayo chiri kukwira, kuenderera mberi kwechibhadharo uye kubhadhara zvakakonzera chikwereti-ku-GDP chikwata , United States haisati yaonekwa seyo inopa chiyero chakafanana chekuchengetedzwa kwemakore kwenguva yakareba iyo yakaitwa kunyange munguva pfupi yapfuura sekupera kwema1990. Kubva pakuona kwechikwereti ichocho, chiitiko chakakosha chakaitika munaAugust 2011, apo Standard & Poor akaderedza United States kubva kune chikwereti cheU.S. chechikwereti kubva kuAAA kusvika kune yechipiri chepamusoro, AA +.
Chikonzero chikuru cheS & P chakataurira kuderedzwa kwaro chaiva chidimbu chekufungidzira mumusangano wezvematongerwe enyika muUnited States, iyo yakasimudza kusava nechokwadi kuti kukakavara kunobatanidza nenyaya dzakadai sekukwereta chikwereti .
Pamwe chete, kudengenyeka kwacho kwakanga kusingave nechinangwa pamusika. Mamwe mapurisa maviri akachengetedza maitiro avo akakwirira, uye kunyange S & P pachayo inoparadzanisa musiyano pakati peAAA neAA se "unyanzvi hwakasimba hwokusangana nemhiko dzezvemari" maererano ne "simba rakasimba" rokuzviita.
Zvisinei, chokwadi chokuti USA haichawanikwi nepamusoro pezvikwata zvitatu, asi Microsoft, ExxonMobil, naJohnson & Johnson vose vanochengetedza iyo nzvimbo, zvinoreva kuti makambani mana anoonekwa seine kechikwereti chakaderera kupfuura hurumende. Izvi zvinonzwisisika mupfungwa yokuti makambani ose matatu ane zvikwereti zvakawanda zvemari chikwereti kupfuura nyika yose. Panguva imwecheteyo, zvakadaro, United States inokwanisa "kuita mari" - kana kubhadhara chikwereti chayo nekudhinda mari - chimwe chinhu chisingagoni kutaurirwa kumakambani.
AAA Rating Haisi Zvose
Kana tichienzanisa zvibvumirano zvezvikambani izvi kuUnited States Pfuma , zvakakosha kuchengeta nyaya shoma mupfungwa:
- Kunyange zvazvo makambani mana aya anonyanya kukoshesa kupfuura hurumende yeUnited States, ivo vanoramba vachipa zvibereko zvakakwirira kubvira pakushambadzirana kwezvisungo zvebhizimisi pane chibereko chakakwirira kupfuura hurumende dzehurumende. Iyi gaka inozivikanwa se " chibereko chinopararira ." Sezvo makambani aya ane simba rezvemari-uye naizvozvo pamusana pangozi yekusafa - kupararira kwavo kunowanzoperera kupfuura kuenzanirana kwehutano hwekambani.
- Hazvina mhosva kuti iyo yakabhadharwa zvikuru sei, kushanda kwezvisungo zvayo - kunyanya kwenguva refu- zvinetso-zvinokanganisa nehuwandu hwehuwandu hwekuda uye pamwe nehutengo hwekwereti. Mune mamwe mazwi, nekuda kwekuti chibvumirano chinonzi AAA hazvirevi kuti mubhadhari akachengetedzwa kubva pamagumisiro ekushanduka kukuru.
- Kunyange zvazvo AAA ndiyo yepamusoro-soro, zvisungo zvakatarwa neAA kana zvakaenzana zviriwo zvakachengetedzeka zvakanyanya maererano nekusakwana kwekusavapo. Kunyange zvazvo kune makambani mana chete akaenzana neAAA, izvozvo hazvirevi kuti hapana hune hutano hwakawanda huri kunze kweboka iri hunenge hwakaenzana kunge hwakachengeteka.
Chiratidzo Chekupedzisira
Kuyera, kana zvichibatsira, hazvisizvo chete kungofungidzira mutengi anofanira kuva nechisarudzo paanosarudza chisungo. Pamusoro pewebsite yedu, Standard & Poor's inopa chirevo chinotevera, icho chinonzi chirevo chekudzivisa asi iyo inopawo mazano akajeka: "Kunyange zvazvo hutengo hwekwereti inokosha kuongorora mukutsvaga, haugone kushanda sechiratidzo chega chekutsvaga mari. Mukutsvaga kutengesa kwekutengesa, vatengesi vanofanirwa kufunga nezvezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira ikozvino kugadzirwa kwezvikwata zvavo, hurongwa hwavo hwekutsvaga, uye nguva yakatarisa, kushivirira kwavo pangozi, uye kuenzana kwekuchengetedzwa kwenhamba yekuchengetedza mukuenzanisa kune imwe kuchengetedza zvingasarudzwa. "