Ko Kutengesa Kwemotokari Kunogona Kuve Izvo Zvitsva Bitcoin?
Hurumende dzinoparadzira imwe nhamba yeC22 "zvikwereti" kumakambani. Ndiyo "chikamu" chikamu. Makambani anokwanisa kungobudisa CO2 yakawanda sezvo ivo vane zvikwereti. Vaya vari pasi pemiganhu yavo yeC CO2 vanogona kutengesa zvikwereti kumakambani anopfuura chikamu. Ndiyo "chikamu" chechikamu.
Chinangwa ndechokuderedza kupisa kwenyika . Zviziviso, sezvibatsiro, ndivo vatengesi vakakurumbira. Vanopisa mazimbe nemamwe mafuta epasi anokonzera carbon dioxide yakawanda mumhepo.
Izvi zvakaitika sei? The International Energy Agency yakarumbidza kuti hapana chikamu chimwe chete chetatu chenyika inochengeterwa fossil mafuta inofanira kupiswa nema2050. Kana zvakanyanya kupiswa, CO2 ichapisa mhepo kune imwe nengozi ye2 degrees Celsius pamusoro pezvakawanda zvehuwandu hwemashizha.
Masayendisiti anobvumirana kuti kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze kunoguma kunokonzera mafashamo, kusanaya nemhepo. (Kubva: "Kuuya kweCarbon Asset Bubble," The Wall Street Journal, Gumiguru 30, 2013.)
Cap uye Trade Dzinoita Kuti Kutengeswa Kwemotokari Kuvepo
Carbon emissions trading yakabviswa zvachose apo European Union yakagadzira purogiramu yekutengesa uye yekutengeserana muna 2005. Izvi zvakagadzirisa huwandu hwehuwandu hwe CO2 iyo inorema maindasitiri uye zvigadzirwa zvinogona kubudisa.
Iko hovha inofanira kuva yakaderera zvakakwana kuti iwedzere kuderedza gasi rinopisa rinokonzera kupisa kwenyika.
Kana iyo kapu yakanyanya kuderera, zvino ichaita kuti mari yekuita bhizinesi yakakwirira zvikuru, uye inononoka kuwedzera kwehupfumi. Kana iyo kapu yakakwirira kwazvo, saka haichazovi nekutengesa kwekupisa kwenyika.
MunaNovember 2017, EU yakaderedza kabhoni yeka carbon by 2,2 kubva pagore gore rose kusvika muna 2030. Chikwata chacho chaiva 1,74 kubva pagore. Icho chinangwa chekato ndeche kuderedza carbon emission by 43 muzana kusvika 2030.
Inokanganisa 11,000 magetsi nemabhizimisi emiti.
Mutengo Wokutsvaga Carbon
Misika yekutengesa kabhoni yaiva $ 176 mabhiriyoni muna 2011. Inogona kudarika $ 1 trillion kubva muna 2020. Inenge 84 muzana yeiyi ndiyo EU Emission Trading Scheme. Inobvisa zvisizvo zvekambani chero ipi zvayo iri kuita bhizinesi muUnited States. (Inobva: "Iripo uye Yakagadzirwa Makarasi Makamba," Ernst & Young.)
Kubva muna 2017, hapana purogiramu uye purogiramu yekutengeserana muUnited States, pasinei nekuedza kwemitemo. Dzimwe dzimwe nyika dziri kusika pachake marhamba. Sezvo chikamu cheUnited Nations Framework Convention pamusoro peKushanduka Kwemamiriro ekunze, nyika dzose dzakabvumirana neDurban Platform muna 2011. Izvi zvakati vachataurirana nezvezvenyika yakawanda yepasi rese uye yezvematongerwo enyika gore ra2015. (Zvinyorwa: "Future of Global Carbon Markets , "Ernst & Young," Iko Gasi! "Global Finance, July 2008.)
Kushambadzira Kwakaitwa Sei
Iko iyo inobvumira kambani imwe neimwe kuti ibudise chimwe che CO2. EU inotaura nezvemamiriyoni maviri eEuropean Union Allowances gore rega rega. Kuti zviite maererano nehurumende yeEU, makambani angave:
1. Tora matanho ekubudisa izvo zvavanotenderwa.
2. Kuderedza kusvibiswa kwavo pasi pemari yakabvumidzwa uye kutengesa kana kubhengi zvakasara EUAs.
3. Ramba uchiendesa mberi kwekupiwa kwavo uye utenge EUA mumusika kuti uifukidze.
Kubudiswa Kwemakonikisi Kuderedza Zvikwereti
Chirongwa cheKumiswa kweRudzikinuro rukwerekidzwawo. Izvi zvakasikwa neKyoto Protocol. Izvo zvikwereti zvinopiwa kuti zvigadzire munyika dzinosimudzira zvinoderedza kusvibiswa.
Iko kunewo magetsi anokonzerwa nemagetsi, izvo zvinowedzera zvinosvibisa kupfuura CO2. Vanogona kuzadzisa zvikwata zvakasiyana-siyana zvehurumende muUnited States, UK, Canada, New Zealand uye Japan .
Iko Kunokonzerwa neCarbon Nomufomu Mutsva Wemari Here?
Iko kukwanisa kutenga nekutengesa EUAs, CER nedzimwe maumbirwo pamusika unotengeswa zvakasununguka zvakagadzira imwe mhando ye "mari." Vatengesi vanosanganisira kwete chete emitters ivo pachavo asiwo mabhengi , hedge funds nevamwe vatengi. Vanopa ruzivo uye vanowedzera kukwanisa kwemashamba. Chikwata chekutengesa kabhoni chinokwana kuderedzwa kwemamiriyoni mana emakisi carbon dioxide kana kuti yakaenzana mune mamwe magetsi anopisa.
(Chinyorwa: Cantor CO2 web site.)
Mhedziso yemusika unoshandiswa kubva kune chimwe chinhu chinongova chirevo chinotora kutengesa kune imwe nhanho. Kunyange kana kukosha kwekuchengetedzwa kwemari kunotora kure zvakanyanya kubva kune imwe nzvimbo yadzo, iwe unogona kuchidzorera kune chimwe chinhu chinooneka: chikwereti chakaitwa nebhangi kumunhu ane imba. Inowedzera mabhuku emhando yemari iri kuwedzera. Dambudziko rezvemari ra2008 rakasikwa nemarudzi matsva ezvigadzirwa. Kukosha kwezvikwereti izvi zvinokonzerwa nezvikwereti uye MBS yakawedzerwa kure kupfuura iyo yezvinhu zvakaoma zvavakaisirwa. Kusika kwemarudzi matsva emari inofanira kuramba ichienderera mberi.
Mune dzimwe nzira, kabhoni yekutengesa inzira itsva yemari. Kukosha kweEUAs, CERs nezvimwe zvakadaro zvinogona kungoendeswa kune gasi risina kuchena, isina kunakidza. Asi kukoshesa kwemari kunogoverwa kune chimwe chinhu chegesi ichi kunobva pakuwanda kwekukuvadza kunogona kuita maitiro emamiriro ekunze anogunzva zvikamu zvose zvehupenyu hwedu Segoridhe, asi kusiyana neimba, haina " pane izvo mumusika unoti une. Asi mutengesi hauna kupa iyo kukosha zvakakwana. Yakanga yakagadzirirwa kutarisana nekutyisidzira kugadzikana uye kuchengeteka kwehupenyu pasi pano.