Sei Kusanaya Ndicho Chikuru Kupfuura Kwemamiriro Ezemugumo Kutambudzika kweVazhinji veAmerica
Tsanangudzo yekusanaya kwemvura yakasiyana kubva panzvimbo kuenda kune imwe nzvimbo.
Somuenzaniso, mazuva matanhatu chete asina mvura ndeyekuoma muBali. Sezvo kusanaya kwakasiyana zvikuru kubva kune imwe nzvimbo kuenda kune imwe nzvimbo, hapana chimiro chakakwana chinotsanangura kusanaya. Panzvimbo pezvo, masayendisiti anozviyera sechinhu chinotsauka kubva mumvura inonaya yakawanda. Vanoshandisa makore makumi matatu apfuura emvura kuti awane mavhareji.
Masayendisiti anokonzera kusanaya nePalmer Drought Severity Index. Mamiriro ekunze anowanzosiyana pakati +0.5 (mvura) kusvika -0.5 (yakaoma). Zvinyorwa pasi apa -0.4 zvinoratidza kusanaya. Zvinyorwa pasi apa -0.6 zvisingawanzoitiki.
Kuoma uye Kuchinja Kwemamiriro Okunze
Kuoma ndiko kuchinja kukuru kwemamiriro ekunze kwevanhu kunetseka. Pew Research Research Yakagamuchira kuti 50 muzana yeAmerica vanoti mvura inonaya ndiyo iyo inonyanya kuvanetsa. Muna 2012, inopfuura 80 muzana yeUnited States yakave nemamiriro ezvinhu asina kuoma.
Kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze kunogadzira sei mvura yakaoma s? Ihwo hutsinye hunotyisa. Kupisa gasi kunokonzera kupisa kunopisa, zvichiita kuti kutonhora kwemhepo kuwedzere.
Mhepo inotonhora inobata unyoro huzhinji, zvichiita kuti mvura ishoma. Mhepo inopisa inowedzera kubuda kubva mumvura uye nzizi, kuderedza mvura. Kupera kunonaya kunaya kunouraya mbeu iyo inowanzochengetedza unyoro mudhu, zvichiita kuti kunyange mamiriro akaoma.
Zvinosuruvarisa, kunaya kunowedzerawo mikana yemamwe njodzi dzinongoitika dzoga.
Apo kunonaya mvura, mvura inongomhanya isina kuvhara mumvura. Sezvo kusanaya kwakaponda simiti, hapana midzi yekuchengetedza mvura. Izvi zvinokonzera kukura uye kuwedzera mafashamo. Miti yakafa, mhepo inopisa, uye mvura inonaya inonaya inowedzerawo kuwanda uye kuoma kwemhepo dzinopisa.
California Kuoma Kunowedzera Zvibereko, Vekudya, uye Nhamba Dzimba
Kubva muna 2011 kusvika muna 2016, California yakaona mvura yakaoma zvikuru kubva muna 1850. Kudenga kwepamhepo kunobva kuWest Coast kwakatsauswa kunowanzova dutu. IAAA Kusana Kwemvura Basa rakati kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze hakuna kukonzera kusanaya, asi kwakagadzirisa kutonhora kwakanyanya kwakaipisisa. Kusanaya kwakaguma nemvura zhinji munaFebruary 2017. Kusanaya kweSouth California kwakapararira muna 2018. Kwakatungamirira kumakomo makuru emhepo kuSanta Barbara.
California inobereka zvikamu zviviri kubva muzvitatu zvezvibereko zvemarudzi uye marimu, uye chetatu chemiriwo yayo. Nyika inobereka maamondi ose akakurira US, artichokes, mandimu, uye pistachios. Ndiyo yechishanu yepasi-guru yekutengesa zvekudya. Ivhu uye mamiriro okunze zvakanaka, asi mvura inenge isiri. Kunwisa kunoshandisa 41 muzana yemvura yehurumende. Muna 2014, mari yekudiridza yakaguma nemitengo yakakwirira yemichero, miriwo, uye nutswa.
Matengo emichero akawedzera 4.8 muzana.
ICalifornia kuoma kwakaita kuti nyika inofungidzirwa $ 2.2 biliyoni muna 2016. Vanenge vanenge 17 000 varimi vakarasikirwa mabasa avo muna 2014.
Chidzidzo che 2017 chakawana kuti kusanaya uye dzimwe mamiriro ekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze zvichaita hafu yeCalifornia Central Central haisakodzeri kukura zvirimwa semapricko, peaches, plums uye walnuts by 2150. Izvo zvichakura kusvika 90 muzana kusvika 2100.
Midwest Drought Kuwedzera Kwekudya Kwemombe
Muna 2012, iyo Central Central Plains yakava nemvura yakaipa kubvira muna 1895. Yakanga yakaipisisa kupfuura inopisa yakaoma ye1930s Dust Bowl . Yakawedzera kumvura ya2010-1111 yakatambura nechekumaodzanyemba Great Plains. Mhepo inoyerera yakakundikana kuunza unyoro hwemwaka kubva kuGulf of Mexico. Mhepo yakaomeswa yakagadzira kurema mafungu emhepo. Zviyo zvegorosi zvaive pasi makumi mapfumbamwe nemazana makumi mana, zvinenge zvakaipa sekuma1930s.
Dhipatimendi reMari reUnited States rakazivisa njodzi chaiyo yezvikamu zvinopfuura 2 245 zvakavhara 71 muzana yenyika.
US Army Corps Engineers aifanira kuwedzera chikamu cheRwizi rwaMisissippi nemamita maviri. Kusanaya kwemvura kwakaderedza mvura yepamusoro yepamusoro pakanga isisipo kudiwa kwemamita mapfumbamwe.
Kuoma kwemvura kwakasvava mbeu mumunda. Somugumisiro, varimi vaifanira kuuraya mhou dzakanga dzakadhura zvikuru kudyisa. Pakazosvika gore ra2013, nhamba yemombe uye yevhavha yakasimudza mazana maviri muzana. Mitsva miviri yakasimuka 4.7 muzana. Muna 2014, mvura yakaoma muMidwest yakashambadza zvikwereti zvemombe 12.1 muzana. Muna 2015, nhengo dzemombe dzakawanda dzakasimudza 7.2 kubva pamusana pemvura muna Texas uye Oklahoma.
1930s Kusanaya Kwakagadzirisa Kuora Mwoyo
Dust Bowl kukonzerwa kwakasvika kuMidwest muma1930s. Yakave nekukonzerwa nekushandura shanduro yemamiriro ekunze pamusoro pemakungwa ose maviri. IPacific yakakura ichitonhora apo Atlantic yakava inopisa. Iko kusanganiswa kwakashandura nhungamiro yejet stream. Iyi mhepo inowanzo inotakura unyoro kubva kuGulf yeMexico kusvika kuGreat Plains, mvura inonaya iyo inosvika kumaRockies. Apo rwizi rwaJet rukaenda kumaodzanyemba, mvura haina kusvika kuGreat Plains.
Kupararira kwemaitiro ekurima kwakashandura kukonzera muDust Bowl. Varimi vakarima mamiriyoni mashanu nemamiriyoni emakiromita akadzika-mizu, kusanaya kwemvura kunopisa kusanaya kwaiwanzochengetedza mhepo muvhu. Apo kusanaya kwakaparadza zvirimwa zvezvirimhi zvakadzika midzi, mhepo yakakura yakavhuvhuta musoro. Kusviba kwakawira pazvinhu zvose, kunyange kuvhara dzimba. Yakanga yakazara nemhuka uye yakapa vana pneumonia. Mhepo yakavhuvhuta guruva kusvikira kuWashington, DC
Kusanaya uye guruva zvakaparadza chikamu chikuru chekubudisa kwekurima kweUnited States. Zvimwe zvikamu zveMidwest zvisati zvadzoka zvakare. Dust Bowl yakaita kuti Kuwedzereka kukuru kuwedzere.
Dust Bowl inogona kuitika zvakare. Agribusiness iri kukonzera mvura yepasi kubva Aquifer Ogallala kanomwe zvakakurumidza kupfuura mvura iri kuiisa zvakare. Akifer anotambanudza kubva kuSouth Dakota kuenda kuTexas. Inopa 30 muzana yemvura yekudiridza yorudzi. Parizvino purogiramu yekushandisa, ichapwa mukati mezana remakore. Zvikamu zveTexas Panhandle zvatova kumhanya zvakaoma. Masayendisiti anoti zvinotora makore 6 000 kuti mvura izadze iyo aquifer. Nzvimbo yacho inotengeswa nemabhizimisi emadhora mabhiriyoni makumi maviri nematanhatu anowedzera chikamu chechishanu chegorosi, chibage, nemombe.
Zvinotoshamisa ndezvokuti, Zvitsva zvitsva zvekurima zvekurima zvikamu zvinokonzera kukonzera Aquifer Ogallala. Vakabatsira varimi vaduku kugara panyika kuburikidza neDust Bowl makore. Iye zvino, vanobhadhara mapurisa ehurumende ari kuvhara mvura iyi. Chigadziko chemombe yekudya ndicho chinonyanya kukosha, kukwana makumi mana kubva muzana yezviyo zvenyika inochengeterwa zviyo. Varimi veCotton muTexas vanowana $ 3 mabhiriyoni mugore mugore rehurumende. Vanodha mvura kubva kuAkifer kuti iwedzere kamba yakatumirwa kuChina , uko yakaitwa mumidziyo inodhura inotengeswa muzvitoro zveAmerica. Zvimwe rubatsiro zvinokurudzira varimi kukura zviyo zve ethanol biofuel. Nhamba yezvivako zvekushongedza ethanol munzvimbo yakakwirira yePauins yakawedzera kaviri. Mukupindura, varimi vari kuwedzera kukohwa kwegorosi, vachiwedzera rimwe 120 mabhiriyoni galoni gore negore.
Kusanaya uye Mafiro
Nemhaka yekupisa kwekukura, madhikira maduku, uye kwenguva yakareba, kumadokero kweUnited States mafungu emoto akawedzera ne400 kubva muna 1970. Dambudziko rinoparadza rakaitika mumakore achangopfuura munzvimbo dzakadai seCalifornia, Colorado, Arizona, uye New Mexico.
Kuoma uye Middle East Kurwisana
Imwe yongororo yeNASA yakabudiswa yakaratidza kuti kusanaya kwakange kuri kuitika kumabvazuva kweMediterranean Levant kubvira muna 1998 kunogona kunge kwakanyanya kupfuura makore 900 akapfuura.
Kubva muna 2006 kusvika muna 2011, Siria yakatambura nekusanaya kwemvura kudengenyeka kwekushanduka kwemugadziri kwakawedzera. Yakasiya mamiriyoni maviri eSiriya sezvo varimi vakatamira kumaguta. Yakabatsira kugadzira hondo yehurumende uye yakatuma zviuru zvevanhu kuenda kuEurope.
Kuoma uye Kuenda kune dzimwe nyika
Kumadokero kweAfrica uye neSahel, boka remirimi kumaodzanyemba kweSahara, variwo nekusanaya kwemvura. Drenje reSahara riri kuwedzera kumaodzanyemba kuSudan neChad. Vapoteri vanobva munzvimbo idzodzo vari pedyo neshure reSiriya neAngland vanoenda kuEurope.
Kusanaya kunovhundutsa hupfumi huri mamiriyoni evanhu veMexico City, Mexico .Amapumpu eguta
Muna 2014, mvura yakaoma muGuatemala yakagadzira mamiriro ekukohwa kwehafi. Iyi fungus inokura mumatambo ekudzivirira, iyo inowedzerawo kudyara mbeu sezvakaita shitubhi kakofi. Nharaunda yacho yakarasika 50-90 muzana yezvirimwa zvayo. Somugumisiro, vanhu vanosvika mamiriyoni 3.5 vaida rubatsiro rweUnited Nations rubatsiro. Pakati paOctober 215 neSeptember 2016, US Customs uye Border Patrol yakawana 75,000 Guatemalans. Muna 2010, vaPatrol vakamira 17 000 chete.
Kuchinja kwemamiriro okunze kutyisidzira minda yekhofi kubva kuUganda kusvika kuEl Salvador kuenda kuVietnam. Inotyisidzira mari ye $ 19-bhiriyoni kwegore uye vanhu vanosvika mamiriyoni 125 vanovimba nayo.
Kunaya kweMvura
Kana kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze kusati kusungwa, United States ichave ichiderera zvikuru kusvika 2030. Midwest ichaderera kusvika pakati -0.2 uye -0.4 pamusana wePalmer kusana. Mumakore makumi mapfumbamwe, nzvimbo dzeUnited States, Mediterranean, uye Africa dzichava nemvura zhinji, kubva -0.4 kusvika -0.10 pachiyero.
Pakazosvika 2050, American Southwest uye Great Plains dzichawana ruzivo. Kusanaya kuchapedza makore makumi mashanu, maererano nevasayendisiti paCornell University. Izvo zvichave zvakafanana nekuoma kwemvura kwakaitika munharaunda munguva yezana remakore rechi12 ne13, asi richave rakagadzirwa nevanhu, mugumisiro wekupisa kwenyika .
Mhinduro Dzakapera
Mitemo yehurumende inogona kugadzirisa dambudziko rekupedzisira kwekuoma kwemvura. Chokutanga, kushandura mitemo yekubatsiridza inokurudzira zviyo zvine nyota zvakadai sekotoni. Pane kudaro, ruramisa rubatsiro kunezvirimwa zvakadai se prickly pear. Chechipiri, kusimbisa mitemo inochengetedza mvura. Izvi zvinosanganisira kusvibiswa-mvura inoshandiswazve, nzvimbo yegwenga, uye mafasi-mashoma.
Hurumende inofanira kumira kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze kuti igadzirise kusanaya kwenguva refu. Mamwe marudzi anofanira kuderedza huwandu hwenzvimbo dzakasvibirira gasi dzinowanikwa muNyika pasi. Kana izvozvo zvaitika, kabhoni inotengeserana yebhizimusi inogona kukurudzira mabhizimisi kuti abate pa cap. Mutero weK carbon unogona kuvaranga kana vasingaiti.