Nei Mafashamo Akaipisisa Kupfuura Ugandanga
Mvura inokonzerwa neRwizi yaMisissippi inokonzera kukanganisa zvakadini, uye inokanganisa sei hupfumi? Ndezvipi zvinogona kuitwa kuti zvirege kupfuurira kuwedzera mafashamo?
2011 Mafashamo
Kukuvadza kubva mumafashamo e2011 kwakaita kuti mharaunda dziri pedyo neRwizi dzive pangozi yemafashamo emangwana, maererano neU.S. Army Core Engineers. Iyo Core yakagamuchira $ 802 Mamiriyoni kubva kuCongress munaDecember kuti ione uye kugadzirisa nzvimbo dzisina simba. (Kubva: "Kuparadzwa kweMafashamo muna 2011 Mwedzi May 2012 Yakaipisisa Pakati PeRwizi rwaMisissippi," Inishuwarenzi Yenyika, January 12, 2012.)
Gene Rench weNational Weather Service yakadana Rwizi rwaMississippi rwegore ra2011 rwakazara nemakore 500. Mukurukuri weArmed Corps, Bob Anderson, akati, "Hakuna kumbova nemafashamo akadai kumusoro weMississippi." Dutu guru rechando, mhepo mitatu huru yemvura, uye mhirizhonga dzaApril zvakakonzera mafashamo kubva kuOhio River, zvakare.
Zvose zvinokanganisa kukanganisa kwezvoupfumi zvingasvika kune mabhiriyoni akawanda Sei? Rwizi rwe Mississippi runotanga mapurazi akapfuura uye maguta mumatanhatu matanhatu. Musha ainetseka kuti mafashamo makuru emafashamo aizouya pakupera kwaMay. Ndiyo nguva yaizouya kuNew Orleans, ichiri kudzoka kubva kune dutu guru Katrina . Vakuru veguta vakazarura Morganza Spillway, vachiponesa Guta reNew Orleans, asi mafashamo emapurazi nemisha yakanga iri munzira.
Hondo ye Corps Engineers inofungidzira kuti inodhura $ 2 biliyoni kugadzirisa kukanganisa kwakakonzerwa nemafashamo e2011. Heino chiyero chekuparadzwa kwehurumende:
- Rwizi rwemvura rwizi, kutakura mabhiriyoni muzvirimwa, rakanonoka. Makominho eRwiziboat akavharwa kwevhiki 6-8 ($ 14 mamiriyoni).
- Inofanirwa kukuvara kwezvirimwa zveminda yepurazi yaiva yakadarika $ 2 bhiriyoni (Nenzira yakanaka, varimi vanowanzova nehutano yemainishuwarenzi.)
- Missouri - 130 000 maekare, dzimba 100, uye vanhu 300 vakazara nemvura, vachidhura madhora mazana matatu emadhora.
- Kentucky - Inopfuura $ 5 Mamiriyoni mukuvadza.
- Memphis TN - Levees yakachengetedza yedhorobha, kunyange zvazvo mazana 1,300 munzvimbo dziri kunze akazara nemvura.
- Arkansas - Mafashamo akawedzera mamwe matambudziko kune $ 200 mabhiriyoni echikwata chekambani.
- Mississippi - Kuongororwa kwekukuvadza kwaive kwakakwirira se $ 800 mamiriyoni.
- Louisiana - vanhu 25 000 vakafashamo kana mafungu akazarurwa kuti vadzivirire New Orleans. Sei? Kana rukova rwaMisissippi rwakazara neguta racho, rwaizooma kupfuura Hurricane Katrina. Mafashamo angadai akatyisidzira gumi yekuRainan refineries, achimirira 14% yeUnited power capacity. (Mitsva: Missourian, Army Corps of Engineers Pegs 2011 Mafashamo Anoparadza pa $ 2 Bhiriyoni, September 15, 2011; USA Today, CNN Mari)
Pasinei nokuva nemafashamo emakore mazana mashanu, mafashamo e2011 haana kuita kuti hupfumi hwepasi rose hwekuJapan hudengenyeke uye tsunami ($ 300 mabhiriyoni mune zvinokuvadza) kana dutu guru Katrina ($ 125-200 billion mukukuvara).
1993 Mafashamo
The Mississippi ya1999 yakava mafashamo anonyanya kukosha muUnited States yezana remakore rechi20. Yakagadzira $ 20 biliyoni mune kurasikirwa kwezvemari. IAAA yakashuma kuti maekare makumi maviri nemakumi maviri ematunhu mapfumbamwe akazara nemvura. Inenge 54 000 vanhu vakadzingwa, asi dzimba 50 000 dzakaparadzwa kana kuparadzwa. Mvura zhinji yakazadza maguta makumi manomwe, mamwe acho asina kumbovakwa zvakare.
Zvisinei, mafashamo e 1993 aingova nehuwandu hwePGDP , kusashaya basa uye kukura kwebhizimisi. Chidzidzo cheYi Yuiao weYunivhesiti yeIllinois chakashuma kuti "Makore maviri mushure mechiitiko chacho, pakanga pasina maitiro akajeka anokonzerwa nehuwandu hwehupfumi munzvimbo dzakapoteredza, nyika uye munharaunda."
Great Mississippi we1927
Mafashamo e1927 ndiyo yakaipisisa zvikuru munhoroondo yeUnited States. Vanhu vanopfuura 600 000 vakadzingwa, asi mazana mashanu akafa, kubva mumvura zhinji yakazara mahekre 1 million nemamita makumi matatu emvura. Yakashandura kuti hurumende yeUnited States yakagadzirisa sei Mississippi, zvichiita kuti ive yakazara yevevee system inodzivirira zvakaipa zvikuru. Vanenge 300 000 veAfrica yeAmerica vakamanikidzwa kugara mumisasa yevapoteri kwemwedzi. Izvi zvakakonzera kuwanda kwevanhu veAfrica kuAmerica kumadokero emaguta.
Mamiriro ezvemari eMosissippi Mvura yeMafashamo
Kutya kwemafashamo emafuta ekugadzirisa mafikisi kwakakonzera gesi mitengo kusvika ku $ 3.98 negoroni. Kutya ikoko kwakatsigira nekuvhurwa kwemagetsi, uye gesi mutengo wakadonha kusvika $ 3.96 negoroni.
Zvizhinji zvezvinodhura zvemafashamo zvinodhura vateresi. Private insurers. Izvozvo hazvizoiti kuchengetedza mafashamo pasina hurumende inovimbisa.
Pakazosvika gore ra2011, chirongwa cheNational Flood Insurance Program chakanga chava $ 18 bhiriyoni mune chikwereti, maererano naPhilly.com. Izvozvo zvakakonzerwa neEnguruwa Katrina, Gustav , uye Ike . Mari yakawedzerwa yakawedzera kukanganisa kwenyika uye chikwereti .
Zvokudya zvezvokudya zvekare zvinokambaira, zvichienderana nekukurumidza kwemafashamo emvura anopera. MaSoybe, chibage, mupunga, uye kamba yakasimwa muRwizi rweMisissippi munzvimbo yegore kana mafashamo achiitika. Mukuwedzera, mafashamo emvura anoputira pasi yezvidimbu zvinodiwa. Izvo zvinowedzera zvinodhura varimi asi zvinopa rubatsiro kumakambani emafuta.
Pamusoro pechitsiko - Zviri pachena kuti masvosve emoto achapona mafashamo asina kubatwa, nekuda kwekukwanisa kwavo kuita mvura isina kukwana. Kunyange zvazvo izvi zvisingaenderani nehupfumi, ndakaona vhidhiyo iyi inoshamisa inoratidza kuti sei.