Zvakaipisisa Sei Sandy?
Dutu rakaparadzwa kana kuparadzwa mamiriyoni 650 000, uye mamiriyoni 8 vatengi vakashaya simba. Dutu rakapinda raiva guru: 8 1/2 mamita akapamusoro kupfuura ose akasiyana paSandy Hook, New Jersey, uye mamita 12 kubva kuMambo Point, Long Island.
Sandy yakavhara New York Stock Exchange , iyo yokutanga mumakore makumi maviri nemaviri kubvira paEntric Gloria. Kunyangwe kugoverana kwemagetsi, kwakabva muNew Jersey, kwakavharwa kuitira kuti isasapisa vashandi ikoko. Iko kugoverana kwakavharwawo musi weChishanu, kutanga kwemazuva maviri kwekuvharwa kwemazuva kubva muna 1888.
Musi waJanuary 10, 2018, New York City yakashusha makambani makuru emafuta ekuita basa ravo mukukuvara kwakatorwa neEngururu Sandy. Rinotsvaka kubhadhara guta racho nekuda kwezvikwereti zvine chokuita nekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze . Inoti makambani akavharwa-izvo basa ravo raive naro pakunaya kwepasi pose . Kuwedzera kwekukuvadzwa kunobva mhirizhonga kune imwe yeruzivo rwemvura yakakwirira yegungwa.
Chakaita Kuti Sandy Isanyanya Kuipa
Sandy akarova Seaboard yekuEastern nenguva munguva yeHalloween 2012. Ichi chikara chakanzi "Frankenstorm" neNational Weather Service nokuti yakabatana nekunopera-kwe-gore Chikamu 1 mhepo ine huronho uye mberi kwechimvuramabwe, kutenderera kunonaya mvura kuchando.
Kunyangwe vasati varova nyika, Sandy yakanga iri dutu guru kupfuura dzose muAtlantic, rinosvika mazana masere pakureba. Iri sangano, rinosanganiswa nemhepo 150-mph yemhepo yejet stream, yakasimudzira nyanga yekuchamhembe ichienda kuPennsylvania neNew York State.
Dutu racho rakamhanyira kuUnited States nechechitatu yepamusoro yehurumende inozivikanwa seNorth Atlantic Oscillation.
Sezvaiitika kugungwa, yakatora unyoro huzhinji kubva kuGulf Stream. Kuita kuti zvinhu zviwedzere kuipa, Sandy akanganisa kugadzikana munguva yekugara kwemwedzi, zvichiita kuti dutu risvike risati rakapfuura.
Sandy yaive kamwe-in-a-a-lifetime dutu remhepo, kuisa vanhu mamiriyoni makumi mashanu pangozi. Zvinosuruvarisa kuti vanhu 72 vakafa zvakajeka nekuda kwechimvuramabwe, uye vamwe 87 vakafa vakabva kune hypothermia nekuda kwekubuda kwemhepo, carbon monoxide uye njodzi panguva yekucheneswa.
Mafashamo uye Mhepo Inoguma
Dutu rinoputika rinopinda makiromita 600 kubva kumaodzanyemba kweEastern Seaboard. Manhattan's Low Battery Park yakakundwa nemafungu emakumbo 14, ichirova Hurricane Donna 10.02-foot rekodi yakagadzirirwa muna Svondo 1960. Inopfuura 80% yeAtlantic City yaiva mumvura, uye imwe yeBhodiwalk yakatsvairwa.
Zvose zvishanu zveGreat Lakes dzakanyeverwa nemhepo ine simba guru sezvo dutu rakatungamira nzira yavo musi weChipiri. Mabheji 20 kusvika kumakumbo makumi mashanu anogoneka kumaodzanyemba kweLake Michigan.
Mhepo yakasvika kune yakakwirira ye80 mph apo Sandy akaita nyika. Ndiko apo dutu guru rakaderedzwa kubva kune imwe nzvimbo inotyisa. Mhepo yakanzwika sekumadokero seGreat Lakes uye kuCanada.
Power Outages
Sandy hit power power stations. Vanhu vanopfuura mamiriyoni masere vakanga vasina simba, sezvo zvivako zvakasviba uye miti yakawira pamagetsi emagetsi.
Con Ed yakati yakagamuchira zvakanyanya kukuvadza kwayo sarudzo, zvichisiya vanhu 780 000 vasina simba. Izvi zvaisanganisira zvipatara zvakawanda. NYU Langone neConey Island vakabva vabviswa. Manhattan yezasi yakasviba. Vakuru vehurumende vakati simba rose haringadzokeri kwevhiki, sezvo ivo vachiri kuongorora kukanganisa. Repairmen vainyatsoputira mvura kunze kwemagetsi emagetsi.
New York State yakakumbira vashandi vanosvika zviuru 4 kubva kune kure kure seCalifornia. Chinenge 90% ye Long Long yakanga isina simba, inokanganisa vanhu 800 000.
Kutakurwa Kwakagadzirirwa
Sezvo Sandy akarova hurukuro huru, yakanyanya kuchinja kutakura.
- Ndege dzinopfuura 15 000 dzakatumira kuNew York nedzimwe nzvimbo dzepamhenderekedzo dzeEast Coast dzakabviswa. SekuChipiri chichitevera dutu, zvikwata zvitatu zveNew York zvakavharwa.
- Nzira dzepasi peNew York dzakasvibiswa nemvura yegungwa uye yakaramba yakavharwa seChipiri mangwanani. Ichi ndicho chakanga chakakanganisa zvikuru mumakore ake ane makore 108. Zvose zvitima zvakanga zvatamirwa kudivi uye dzakanga dzisina kukuvara.
- MTA maitiro ebhasi akavharwa. Basa rebhazi risina kukwana rakadzorerwa musi weChipiri masikati, uye 100 muzana yakagadziridzwa neChitatu mushure memhepo.
- AMTRAK yakavharwa.
- Mabhiriji nemigwagwa zvakavharwa muManhattan. East River mabhiriji akazaruka seChipiri. Vatyairi veChab vakabvumirwa kutora vanopfuura vanopfuura.
Blizzard Impact
Sezvo dutu rakatambudza mberi kwechando, mvura yakava yechando. Izvo zvakaunza mhepo yemhepo uye yakadonha kuWest Virginia. Dzimwe nzvimbo dzekumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero kweVirginia neKentucky dzakagamuchira tsoka mbiri dzezvino. VaAppalachi muNorth Carolina neTennessee vakagamuchira kusvika pamasendimita gumi nemana. (Kubva: "Sandy May May Pushona Inopinda Manhattan," Bloomberg, Gumiguru 29, 2012. CNBC inoparadzirwa.)
Dzimba Kuparadza
Paiva nemoto anopfuura makumi maviri munzvimbo huru yeNew York. Iyo yakakura yaiva yechitanhatu-moto moto muQueens, dzimba dzinodarika makumi mana dzakaparadzwa pasinei nekuedza kwevanhu vanopfuura moto makumi maviri vaitsvaga dutu kuti vaise moto. (Chinobva: CNBC.)
Impact paGesi uye Mafuta Mitengo
Gari rekugasi ramangwana rakadonha mushure mokunge dutu racho, pasinei nekuvharwa kwezvimwe zvekunatswa. Mafuta emafuta akatanga kuwira, sezvo pakanga pasina zvishoma zvishoma zvinodiwa kubva pakucheneswa kwakapfigwa. (Chinobva: CNBC. "Mafuta eSlides Gasoline Inowanikwa seSandy Nears United States," Bloomberg, Gumiguru 29, 2012.)
Nzira yeSedy Inofananidzwa Neimwe Dutu Guru
Sandy yakanga iri yechina dutu guru rinokuvadza . Yakaipisisa yaiva Hurricane Katrina , yeChiratu 3 dutu. Izvo zvakadhura hupfumi pakati pe $ 108 mabhiriyoni kusvika ku $ 250 biliyoni. Yakasiya 1 836 vanhu vakafa. Kuwanda kwekukuvara kwaKatrina kwakakonzerwa nemafashamo muNew Orleans.
Yechipiri yakanyanya kukuvadza yaiva Hurricane Harvey . Iyi Chikamu 4 dutu rakawira Texas paAugust 25, 2017. Yakadhura $ 180 mabhiriyoni ndokuuraya vanhu makumi manomwe.
Chechitatu yaiva dutu guru Irma . Yakanga iri chikwata chechipiri chechipiri chakakosha mari ye $ 100 bhiriyoni. Zvakawanda zvekukuvadza kwakaitika mushure mokunge zvasvika kuFlorida musi waSeptember 10, 2017. Vanhu vasina kufa vanofa vanhu 101.
Sandy akarova Hurricane Ike . Yaiva Chikamu 2 dutu rakawira Texas muna 2008. Inodhura hupfumi hweAmerica $ 29.5 bhiriyoni. Nzvimbo yacho yakanga ichangoparadzwa nemupupuriro Gustav vhiki mbiri mberi.
Mhirizhonga Andrew aiva chikwata chechipiri chechipiri chakakunda Florida muna 1992. Yakaparadza $ 26.5 mabhiriyoni mune zvepfuma.
Dutu rakaipisisa kuti rirove New York pamberi peSandy raiva Hurricane Floyd muna 1999. Chikamu chechipiri chakaita $ 4.5 biliyoni mukukuvara. Dutu rekupedzisira iro rakarova New York pamberi peSandy raiva Hurricane Isabel muna 2003. Ichi chikamu 2 dutu chakakonzera $ 3.4 mabhiriyoni mukukuvara. (Zvinyorwa: "Mazana makumi matatu anokosha kwazvo muT.S. Tropical Cyclones," Asina kugadziriswa nehupfumi. NOAA Technical Memorandum, August 2013. "Zvaunoda Kuziva Pamusoro peSandy," Bloomberg, Gumiguru 29, 2012.)