Chikonzero nei Harvey, Irma, Maria nedzimwe Hurricane Ari Kuparadza
IUnited States inonyanya kunetseka nekukuvadzwa kwechimvuramabwe. Anopfuura chikamu chetatu chemakona acho akazara mumunda anobva kune nyika dziri pedyo neGulf uye Atlantic.
Izvo zvinosanganisira makumi maviri nemaviri emakona ayo, 27 muzana yemigwagwa yayo mikuru, uye 9 muzana yemigwagwa yayo.
Bhuku reCongressal Budget Office rinofungidzira kuti mamiriyoni 1.2 eAmerica anogara munzvimbo dziri kumhenderekedzo dzegungwa pangozi ye "kukuvadza kwakanyanya" kubva mhirizhonga. IC CBO inotsanangura kuti sekukuvadza kweanenge 5 muzana yevhareji mari . Nzvimbo dzakawanda dzenzvimbo iyi dzine vanhu vakawanda dzinogara pasi pemamita gumi pamusoro pegungwa, maererano neNational Hurricane Center.
IC CBO inofungidzira kuti, paavhareji, kuparadza kwechimvuramabwe kuri $ 28 mabhiriyoni pagore. Florida inopa 55 muzana yeiyo, Texas 13 muzana, uye Louisiana 9 muzana.
Hurumende yehurumende inobhadhara 60 muzana yemhepo inoparadza. Zvizhinji zvezvo zvinobva kumasangano matatu. Federal Emergency Management Agency inobhadhara chikamu zviviri kubva muzvitatu zvehurumende yehurumende. Dhipatimendi reNzvimbo neUkuvandudza Urban uye US Army Corps of Engineers vanobhadhara zvishoma kudarika chetatu. Hurumende uye hurumende dzenharaunda, inshuwarisi, uye vanhu vari voga vanobhadhara zvakasara.
Pakazosvika 2075, chiyero chegore rose kukanganisa mari ichawedzera kusvika $ 39 biliyoni . Anenge hafu yepfuma iyo inokonzerwa nekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze , asi imwe hafu inobva mukuwedzera kukura pamwe nemakungwa eUnited States.
2017 Hurricane Season
Mvura yegore ra2017 yakange yakanyanya kuoma. A high pressure system yakachengetedza kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero mumhepo yakawanda inopisa kusvika munaSeptember.
Yakachengetedzawo mhepo inotonhorera kubva kuKanada kubva kunze kwenharaunda. Mhepo idzo dzinowanzoendesa dutu guru kune gungwa. Imwe yepamusoro inodzvinyirira yakagadzirwa neBermudha. Izvozvo zvakatumira dutu kusvika kuFlorida uye kugungwa kweUnited States kumabvazuva.
Mhirizhonga Maria yaiva chikwata chechipiri apo yakakunda Dominica musi waSeptember 18, 2017. Musi waSeptember 20, yakaparadza muPuerto Rico, musha kune mamiriyoni 3.5 eMamerica. Kunyange zvazvo yakanga yakaderedzwa kuChitatu 4 dutu, inoramba ichidhura $ 90 mabhiriyoni mukukuvara. Imwe yehupfumi yehupfumi ndeye 64, asi kuongororwa kweNew York Times kwati inogona kuva 1,052.
Gavhuna Ricardo Rossello akakumbira $ 94 mabhiriyoni mubatsiro rehurumende kuti adzorere simba neimba. Vatsigiri vanofungidzirwa kuti mari yavo yaizova $ 85 mabhiriyoni. Maria akarova simba kune chitsuwa chose uye akatora shongwe dzefoni. Trump hurumende ichakumbira $ 36.5 mabhiriyoni muhurumende yekubatsira rubatsiro uye chikwereti chikwereti kuPuerto Rico. Maria akarerutsa dhamu rakakwana zvokuti akamanikidze zviremera kuti vatize vanhu 70 000. Kwakanga kune vanhu 15 000 vakamanikidzwa kupinda muhurumende mahara. Maria akasiya 30 muzana yevanhu vasina simba muDominican Republic.
Mhirizhonga Irma ndiyo yakasimba zvikuru yeAtlantic mhirizhonga yakanyorwa kare. Kuparadza kwaiva $ 50 biliyoni.
Accuweather inofungidzirwa mari yakawanda yehupfumi pa $ 100 mabhiriyoni. Yaiva Chikamu 5 dutu apo yakaita kugwa paBarbuda musi waSeptember 6, 2017. Mhepo dzacho dzaive nemakiromita 185 paawa kwemaawa makumi matatu nemasere, nhoroondo itsva. Yakanga yakaderedzwa kuChitatu 4 isati yasvika kuFlorida Keys musi waSeptember 10. Yaiva yekutanga mumakore zana kuti dutu mbiri Chikamu 4 kana chikuru chakakunda nyika yeUnited States mugore iroro. Mutungamiri Trump akazivisa mamiriro ezvinhu muFlorida, Puerto Rico, uye US Virgin Islands. Congress yakagadzirisa $ 35.5 mabhiriyoni mune zvekutsvaga mari. Kubva ipapo, $ 16 mabhiriyoni chikwereti chekuregererwa kweNational Flood Insurance Program.
Hurricane Harvey yaiva chikwata chechina chechina cheTexas musi waAugust 25, 2017. Pakutanga, Gavhuna weTexas Greg Abbott akafungidzira kuparadzwa kwe $ 180 mabhiriyoni. Sangano reNational Hurricane Center rinoti chiitiko chekupedzisira chaiva $ 125 biliyoni.
Yakabata vanhu vane mamiriyoni 13 kubva kuTexas kuburikidza neLouisana, Mississippi, Tennessee, neKentucky. Vanhu makumi masere nevasere vakafa kubva mudutu. Congress yakagadzirisa $ 15 biliyoni nokuda kwekununurwa kwenjodzi.
Harvey yakaparadza dzimba 200 000, iyo iyo 12 700 yakaparadzwa. Vanhu vanopfuura 500 000 vakakumbira rubatsiro rwehurumende. Dutu racho rakamanikidza 5 kubva muzana yemafuta ehurumende uye gesi kuti igadzire. Gesi mitengo yakasimuka kubva pa $ 2.35 negorooni Harvey asati asvika ku $ 2.49 negoroni.
Mhirizhonga Inokonzera Kukuvadza
Mhirizhonga inoparadza inobva pane zvinomwe. Kutanga mhepo ine mhepo. The Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale inoisa mhepo inokurumidza, kukuvadzwa kunokonzerwa, uye simba rinoputika mumapoka mashanu.
| Chikamu | Mhepo Inomhanya | Kuramba Mutsutso | Kukuvara | Musha Kukuvara | Muti Kuparadzwa | Power Outages |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 74-95 mph | 4-5 | Vamwe | Vamwe | Mapazi | Mazuva |
| 2 | 96-110 mph | 6-8 | Yakadzama | Major | Snapped | Mavhiki |
| 3 | 111-129 mph | 9-12 | Zvinoparadza | Major | Snapped | Mavhiki |
| 4 | 130-156 mph | 13-18 | Dambudziko | Severe | Toppled | Mwedzi |
| 5 | 157+ mph | 19+ | Dambudziko | Kuparadzwa | Toppled | Mwedzi |
Chechipiri ndedutu rinopisa. Ndiko kukwira kwemvura pamusoro pemvura yakawanda yakakwirira. Mhepo ine mhepo yemhepo ine mhepo inokanda mvura kumhenderekedzo. Apo dutu rinoputika rinoenderana nemvura yakakwirira, unowana dutu remhepo. Chiitiko ichocho chisina kujairika chakasimbisa kuparadzwa panguva yeEntrican Sandy. Mvura inorema 1,700 pounds pamadhiro ebhiri. Simba rekudutu uye kuyerwa kwemvura pamwe chete kunokuvadza zvikuru.
Dutu rekufamba kwemvura 23 raizova mafashamo 67 kubva muzana eUnited States, kusanganisira 57 muzana yemigwagwa yakareba. Inogona kuvhara inenge hafu yemakiromita ezvitima, mapurisa makumi maviri nemapfumbamwe uye nharaunda dzose dzeGulf Coast.
Chechitatu ndiyo mvura yakanyanyisa. Hurricanes inogona kudonha kusvika masendimita matanhatu emvura paawa. Hurricane Harvey yakatsvaira 51.88 inches muCedar Bayou musi waAugust 26, 2017. Iyo ndiyo nhoroondo yedutu rimwe chete muKondinendi United States. Izvi pasi-bursts zvinogadzira mafashamo emvura. Mafashamo anokwana 59 muzana yevakafa. Inoparadzawo zvigadzirwa, motokari nemisha.
Yechina inzvimbo. Zvizhinji zvekuAmerica zvinoumba muGulf neCaribbean. Hurricanes inongogadziriswa chete pamusoro pemakungwa pedyo neEricator. Sezvo mhepo inotonhora inopisa inomuka, mhepo inotonhora yakaoma inozununguka kuti iite panzvimbo yayo. Kana izvi zvichinyanya kuwedzera, zvinouyisa dutu. Kana imwe nguva dutu idzi dzichiita kugadzikana, dzinorasikirwa nesimba kunze kwemhepo yakadziya yemvura yegungwa kuti iidye.
Chechi ndiyo nguva yegore. Dutu remhepo rinobva munaJune 1 kusvikaNovember 30. Nguva inotyisa zvikuru iri pakati pakati paAugust na pakati paOctober. Ndiko nokuti ndiyo nguva yakawanda yegore. Mhepo ine simba inoparadza mhepo inopisa vasati vawana mukana wokuumba.
Chechitanhatu ndicho kugadzirira. Maguta anounza vanhu vavo ane huwandu hwekufa nekuparadzwa kwevanhu. Asi kubuda hakubvumi kuti pfuma iparadzwe. Dutu guru rinopinda mumba kuburikidza negaraji. Dutu guru rinopesana nemasango evhareji asingasviki mamita matanhatu paupamhi zvinogona kumira 50 kana kupfuura mapaundi emagetsi. Varidzi vepamba vanofanira kusimbisa denga ravo nemhepo ine mhepo. Vavaki vakawanda vari kushandisa kuvhara maekrete mafomu panzvimbo yekuveza matanda. Vanodzidzisawo imba kune nheyo.
Achinomwe uye chinokonzera ikozvino kupisa kwepasi pose . Pakazosvika 1956 kusvika ku55, kupisa kwepasi kwepasi kwakawedzera .13 ° C kwemakore gumi nerimwe. Izvi zvingasaita sezvizhinji, asi izvi zvakapetwa kaviri kwemakore zana kubva muna 1906 kusvika muna 2005. Antarctic glaciers iri kurasika mashoma pamutengo "unoshamisa kwazvo". Izvozvo zvinowedzera gungwa mazinga anowedzera dutu surges.
Ndezvipi Zvimvuramabwe Zvakakonzera Kuparadza Kwazvo
Dutu guru Katrina rakanga riri dutu guru rinokuvadza zvikuru. Yunivhesiti yeNorth Texas Purofesa Bernard Weinstein akaisa huwandu hwehupfumi pa $ 250 biliyoni. Yakakonzera 19 muzana yemafuta ekuUnited States, zvichiita kuti mitengo yegesi iwedzere kusvika madhora madhigiriyoni mashanu negoroni. Somugumisiro, hupfumi hwehupfumi hwakanonoka kusvika ku3 muzana mumutsara pashure peKatrina. Izvo zviri pasi kubva ku 3.8 muzana kukura musati mhepo.
The National Hurricane Center inofungidzira kukanganisa zvakananga pa $ 125 biliyoni. Hafu yezvirasikirwa izvi yakaguma nemafashamo muNew Orleans. Katrina hit Louisiana musi waAugust 29, 2005. Yakasara 1 836 vanhu vakafa. Yaiva chikamu chechitatu apo chakaita kuti zviwande. Katrina akanga ari chikamu chechipiri apo chakanga chichienda kugungwa.
Yechipiri yakanyanya kukuvadza yaiva Hurricane Harvey. Ichi Chikamu 4 dutu rinodhura $ 180 mabhiriyoni. Yakasvika kuTexas musi waAugust 25, 2017.
Mhirizhonga Irma yaiva yakaipisisa yechitatu. Chikamu 5 dutu rinodhura $ 100 mabhiriyoni. Yakasvika kuPuerto Rico musi waSeptember 7, 2017, uye Florida paSeptember 10, 2017.
Dutu guru Sandy rakakonzera $ 71.4 mabhiriyoni mukukuvara. Icho chakakunda New Jersey musi waOctober 29, 2012. Yakabatanidza dutu guru rakasvika mamita 990, mberi kwechando uye mafungu emvura zvinowedzera kupera kwemwedzi. Yakakanganisa mamiriyoni 650 000. Mamiriyoni gumi nemamiriyoni vatengi vakarasikirwa simba. Sandy aiva nemhosva yevakafa 159.
Dutu guru Ike rinodhura $ 29.5 biliyoni. Yakapinda kuGalveston Island, Texas, musi waSeptember 13, 2008. Yakaparadza 10 Gulf offshore mafuta rigs. Zvose makumi maviri nemasere makumi maviri nematanhatu (Texas)-based based oil refineries zvakavharwa. Gesi mitengo yakakwira kusvika $ 5.00 / gallon. Ike yaiva Chikamu 4 pakakwirira. Yakanyarara kuChikamu 2 apo yakasvika Texas. Nzvimbo yacho yakanga ichangoparadzwa nemupupuriro Gustav . Icho chaitika kuLouisana mavhiki maviri zvisati zvaitika. Gustav inodhura $ 4.6 mabhiriyoni. Yakanga iine Chikamu chechina pamusoro wepamusoro, asi yakanamatira kuChikamu 2 nekuwira pasi.
Mhirizhonga Andrew anotevera. Yaiva Chikamu chechipiri chakakunda Florida muna 1992. Yakaparadza $ 26.5 mabhiriyoni mune zvivako. Yakakanda dutu remvura 16,9-mhepo kuBiscayne Bay, nhoroondo yekumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweFlorida peninsula. Dutu remhepo ndiro chiyero chekudengenyeka kwemvura uye yakakwirira.
Yakazotevera yaiva dutu guru Wilma. Iyi Category 3 dutu yakaita $ 20,6 mabhiriyoni mukukuvara. Yakaputira Florida muna 2005 nemhepo yakareba makiromita 120 paawa.
Dutu guru Irene rakatevera. Yaiva Chikamu 2 dutu painosvika kuNorth Carolina musi waAugust 26, 2011. Yakanga yarasa simba rakawanda sezvaifamba pamusoro penyika kuenda kuNew York neBoston. Vanhu vazhinji vaingoona dutu rakaipa. Asi yakauraya vanhu vanenge makumi maviri uye yakasiya mazana mana emamiriyoni vasina simba. Dutu rinopinda muManhattan raiva nemamita 9 kumusoro. Kuparara kwepfuma kwaiva $ 15.6 mabhiriyoni. Mamiriro ehupfumi aiva $ 45 mabhiriyoni. (Nhoroondo: "Economist: Financial Hit From Hurricane Irene Inogona Kuwedzera $ 45 Bhiriyoni," Fox News Insider, Gumiguru 29, 2001. "Dutu reIrene's Economic Impact," NPR Nightly Business Report, August 24, 2011.)
Dutu guru reU.S. rinouraya raive muna 1900. Rakatarisa pakati pevanhu 8 000 kusvika 12 000 muGalveston, Texas. Dutu iro rakauraya vanhu 129 uye rakakonzera $ 1.7 mabhiriyoni mukukuvadza ($ 13 biliyoni mumazuva ano madhora) munaJune 1972. MunaOctober 1954, Hurricane Hazel yakaponda 95 vaAmerica uye 81 veCanada. Yakanga iri yeChitatu 4. (Chinobva: "Mazana makumi matatu anokosha kwazvo muT.S. Tropical Cyclones," Asina kugadziriswa nokuda kwekuwedzera kwezvinhu. NOAA Technical Memorandum, August 2013.)
Top Top 20 Hurricanes
Heano ndiyo dutu rinoparadza zvikuru 20 rokurova United States. Cherechedza kuti 17 kubva kwavari yakatoitika kubva muna 2000. Icho ndicho humwe humwe uchapupu hwehuwandu hwekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze.
| Rank | Zita | States | Gore | Chikamu | Kukuvara muBhiriyoni | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kwete Kururamiswa | Adj. for Inflation | |||||
| 1 | Katrina | FL, LA, MS | 2005 | 3 | $ 125.0 | $ 160.0 |
| 2 | Harvey | TX, LA | 2017 | 4 | $ 125.0 | $ 125.0 |
| 3 | Maria | PR | 2017 | 5 | $ 90.0 | $ 90.0 |
| 4 | Sandy | NY, NJ, MA | 2012 | TS | $ 65.0 | $ 70.2 |
| 5 | Irma | FL | 2017 | 5 | $ 50.0 | $ 50.0 |
| 6 | Ike | TX, LA | 2008 | 2 | $ 30.0 | $ 34.8 |
| 7 | Andrew | FL, LA | 1992 | 5 | $ 27.0 | $ 47.8 |
| 8 | Ivan | AL, FL | 2004 | 3 | $ 20.5 | $ 27.1 |
| 9 | Wilma | FL | 2005 | 3 | $ 19.0 | $ 24.3 |
| 9 | Rita | LA, TX | 2005 | 3 | $ 18.5 | $ 23.7 |
| 11 | Charley | FL | 2004 | 4 | $ 16.0 | $ 21.1 |
| 12 | Irene | NC | 2011 | 1 | $ 13.5 | $ 14.9 |
| 13 | Mateu | SE US | 2016 | 1 | $ 10.0 | $ 10.3 |
| 14 | Frances | FL | 2004 | 2 | $ 9.8 | $ 12.9 |
| 15 | Allison | TX | 2001 | TS | $ 8.5 | $ 11.8 |
| 16 | Jeanne | FL | 2004 | 3 | $ 7.5 | $ 9.9 |
| 17 | Hugo | SC | 1989 | 4 | $ 7.0 | $ 14.1 |
| 18 | Floyd | NY, MA | 1999 | 2 | $ 6.5 | $ 9.6 |
| 19 | Gustav | LA | 2008 | 2 | $ 6.0 | $ 6.9 |
| 20 | Isabel | NY, MA | 2003 | 2 | $ 5.5 | $ 7.4 |
(Kubva: "Kubva kuTebheoni 3a neTebhu 3b. Mainland United States Tropical Cyclones Inokonzera Kudarika $ 1 Bhiriyoni Mukukuvadza, " National Hurricane Center, January 26, 2018.)