Kuti S & P Ratings Dzinokudzivirira Sei
Mutemo uye Varombo mazita emakambani maviri emari akabatanidzwa muna 1941.
Zvinoshamisa kuti kambani inoyera upfumi ine shoko rokuti "murombo" mumusoro wayo. Zita iroro rakabva kune imwe yevakiki vekambani, Henry Varnum Poor. Muna 1860, akadhinda History of Railroads uye Canals dzeUnited States . VaPoor vainetseka pamusoro pekushaya kwehuwandu hwemashoko hunowanika kuvarimi vemari. Bhuku rake rakatanga mushandirapamwe wokuzivisa zvakajeka zvekushanda kwekambani. (Inoti: "Ndivanaani Tiri," S & P Global.)
Nhamba & Nhamba Dzakashata
S & P rating ndiyo chikwereti chekwereti chinotsanangura chikwereti chekwereti chekambani, guta kana nyika iyo inokwereta chikwereti. Sangano re Standard and Poor rinotarisa kuti chikwereti chichadzorerwa sei. Iko kuongororwa kwekutaura chete. Havasi mari yekutsvaga mazano uye havafanotauri kuti zvingave zvisiri izvo. S & P inotarisawo chikwereti chezvisungo zvemunhu oga. Heino zvakawanda pamusoro pemhando dzakasiyana dzezvisungo .
Iwe unogona kushandisa S & P kukoshesa kuti ikubatsire kusarudza kana kutenga chibvumirano.
Ichakutaurirawo kuti hupfumi hwenyika huri kuita sei. Izvozvo zvinogona kukubatsira kune dzimwe dzimba dzekutsvaga sezvinoitwa forex trade kana dzimwe nyika.
Kuti S & P Inoita sei kuverenga. S & P vatsvakurudzi vanogadzira kukohwa . Vanowana ruzivo kubva kumapepanhau akabudiswa akadai semishumo yegore negore , zvinyorwa zvemashoko uye nhau dzenyaya. Vanobvunzurudzawo vatungamiri vekambani yavari.
Vatsvakurudzi vanobva vaongorora kuti mari yekambani yakamira sei, kushanda nekushanda nemitemo. Chinonyanya kukosha, vanoita maonero pamusoro pehutano hwekambani yekugadzirisa ngozi.
Pakutanga, Standard & Poor vakatengesa mitsara yavo kuvarimi. S & P yakashandura iyo mitemo apo makopi ekukopa akaumbwa. Zvainetseka kuti vatengesi vaizokopa zvinyorwa uye vagozviparidzira kune shamwari dzavo. Pane kudaro, yakatanga kutengesa makambani iyo yaive yero.
Murairo & Urombo hwakasvika pasi pekutsoropodzwa kwekushanduka ikoko. Vatsoropodzi havana chokwadi kuti S & P inogona kuongorora zvakakwana vatengi vanobhadhara.
Maitiro Ekutarisa Kwakaitwa Sei. S S & P rating ibhiiyo tsamba. Yakanakisisa ndeye 'AAA'. Izvozvo zvinoreva kuti zvinonyanya kukosha kuti wakwereta acharipa chikwereti chacho. Icho chakanyanya kudarika 'D,' zvinoreva kuti mupi wekare anenge atadza.
Muchidimbu & Mashoma anoshandisa tsamba dzakawanda, uye pluses kana minuses, kuratidza simba. Izvo zvinoita kuti zvikwereti 17 kunyange zvazvo zvinoshandisa tsamba makumi mana chete. Tsamba nhatu dzakanaka kudarika mbiri kana imwe. Mapurusi ari nani kudarika zvipfeko. (Chinyorwa: Standard & Poor's Ratings Definitions.)
Bond Ratings. Chisungo chinogamuchira chikoro chepamusoro chinogona kubhadhara chidimbu chechikwereti chakaderera kune imwe ine gorosi rezasi. Izvozvo ndezvokuti hazvisi sekukuvadza.
Inopa zvishoma kudzoka. Makambani, maguta uye nyika zvinoshanda zvakaoma kuchengeta tsamba yakakwirira yepamusoro kuitira kuti vagone kutenga zvikwereti uye kubhadhara iyo yakaderera-chibereko.
Tafura iri pasi apa inoratidza zvakananga zvezvisungo zvenguva refu. Tsamba yeklasi yeB BB + kana yepamusoro inofungidzira. Izvozvo zvinoreva kuti kambani inobhadhara mari yakawanda mukufarira kubvisa ngozi yakawedzerwa. Vamwe vatengi vakaita saizvi " zvisungo zvisina basa " nokuti vanobhadhara zvikuru.
Kuyera Kwakawandisa Kwezvikwereti Zvenguva refu
| Letter Grade | Bhuku | Unyanzvi hwokuripa |
|---|---|---|
| AAA | Investment | Yakanyanya kusimba |
| AA +, AA, AA- | Investment | Yakasimba chaizvo |
| A, A, A- | Investment | Wakasimba |
| BBB +, BBB, BBB- | Investment | Yakakwana |
| BB +, BB | Kunyanya kukosha | Inotarisana nekusaziva kukuru mune ramangwana |
| B | Kunyanya kukosha | Inotarisana nekusava nechokwadi kukuru |
| CCC | Kunyanya kukosha | Parizvino inotambura |
| CC | Kunyanya kukosha | Ikozvino yakanyanya kuoma |
| C | Kunyanya kukosha | Akaisa bhadharo chikumbiro |
| D | Kunyanya kukosha | Zvisizvo |
(Chinobva: "Pamusoro peKutsvaga Kwekwereti," Standard & Poor's.)
S & P inopawo zvikwereti pane chikwereti kwenguva pfupi. Izvo zvine zvishoma zvishoma. S & P inopawo maonero maonero emwedzi mitanhatu inotevera kusvika kumakore maviri. Izvo zvakanaka , zvisingaiti , zvakagadzikana kana kuti zvinobudirira .
Kuongorora Nyika. S & P inoparidzira zviyero zvema 130. Iyo kambani inotsanangura kuti zvingave sei kuti nyika ichasara pane chikwereti chayo chepamusoro. Inotangira izvi pakuongorora kwayo zvinhu zvina. Inotarisa kuti hurumende yehurumende yakasimba uye inotevera mitemo yehurumende yakasimba. Iyo inoratidzira simba rezvemari yenyika uye maitiro ayo ekukura. Inotarisa kutengeswa kwekunze kune dzimwe nyika. Vanyori vanopa maonero pamusoro pekuti bhenji guru renyika iri rakasununguka nehurumende yaro uye rinoshandisa mutemo wepamusoro wemari. (Chinobva: "Changamire wepasi rose," S & P Global Ratings.)
S & P Matanho Maitiro mu 2008 Financial Crisis. Vatsoropodzi vanokanganisa S & P nedzimwe masangano ekuenzanisa kwematambudziko emari muna 2008 . S & P yakaratidza chikwereti chekubhadhara mari-inotsigira "Investment Grade" kunyange zvazvo yakabata sendika dzakawanda kubva ku-subprime mortgages. Vatsoropodzi vanotaura kuti S & P yakanga isingadi kupa chikwata chepasi kune vatengi vayo. Nokuda kwezvimwe, ona Chii Chakakonzera 2008 Crisis Financial?
Muna 2011, S & P yakaderedza chikwereti cheUnited States kubva kuAAA kusvika kuAA +. S & P yaifunga kuti Congress neMutungamiri Obama havana kuisa pamwe chirongwa chakakwana chokuderedza chikwereti. Chikwereti chechikwereti chakatumira Dow kupembera muna August 2011.
Vaongorori vazhinji vakaona kunyengedza. S & P yakabatsira kukonzera kuderera. Izvo zvakabva zvarongedza hurumende nokuda kwechikwereti chakagadzirwa nehuwandu hwemari . Chikwereti cheUnited States chakasimuka makumi mana kubva kuzana nekuda kwekuderera kwemari-yakagadziridza mari shoma uye mari yakadzama.
S & P 500
Standard & Poor zvakare inoparidzira S & P 500 . Inotengeswa yemari yekutengesa iyo inosvika mazana 500 yakawanda yakachengetwa mashizha paNew York Stock Exchange uye NASDAQ .
Chinangwa chayo ndechokumirira yose yemusika wemashesi. Inoita izvi nekuratidza dambudziko nekudzoka kwemakambani makuru makuru.