Ndicho chikonzero nekuda kwekubatana kwavo muna 2008 ne OMX ABO, muStockholm-based operator yekutsinhanisa iri munzvimbo dzeNordic neBaltic.
Sangano idzva, NASDAQ OMX Group, rinonyora zvikwata zvemakambani anopfuura 3 800. Iyo inopawo kutengesa mune zvigadzirwa , chikwereti, zvigadzirwa , zvakagadzirirwa zvinhu uye ETFs.
Sangano reNASDAQ rinopa maitirwo kune mamwe makumi manomwe emamwe mabhizimisi ekutsvaga mumatunhu anopfuura makumi mashanu. Semuenzaniso, inopa shanduro yekushandura, iyo inobatsira mukutengeserana kwekutsvaga , kubvisa, nekugadzirisa mhinduro. Kunzwisisa NASDAQ kuchakubatsira kuti unzwisise kuti mashamba emabhizimisi anoshandisa sei .
NASDAQ OMX Group inopawo makambani ehurumende makambani ekubatsira nehutano hwevatengesi, hupfumi hwemashamba, hukama hwehutano, uye kuparidzirwa kwemashoko. Inobatsira kuti vawedzere mari kuburikidza nehurumende yeUnited States 144A. Mutemo uyu unobvumira kudzoka kwepamusoro kwekuchengetedzwa kwepachivande pakati pevanhu vanogadzirisa zvikoro vasingadi kuti vanhu vanyoreswe.
NASDAQ yakatangwa muna 1971 uye yakapa zvinyorwa zveWorld-the-Counter zvinyorwa zvisingatauri pane dzimwe misika.
Nokuda kwechikonzero ichocho, yakava nekubatanidzwa mupfungwa dzevanhu nemichina yekugadzira zvinhu. Yakagadzirwa nechinyadzisa mutengesi mutengesi Bernie Madoff , uyo aivawo Mutungamiriri weNASDAQ Board .
Kusiyana pakati peDow, NASDAQ uye S & P 500
Iyo NASDAQ inoshandiswa, kufanana neNew York Stock Exchange uye BATS idzangoshandiswa .
Kusiyana neNewSE, inotaurawo nezvekushanda kwemakambani ose ayo ayo. Izvo zvose zvikamu zvemusika .
The Dow , S & P 500 uye MSCI ndeyezvinyorwa zvinotarisa kushanda kwemashamba akasarudzwa. Dow iri shoma kune Dow Jones Industrial Average, kana DJIA. Icho chinotevera maitengo emitengo emakambani makumi matatu anosarudzwa nevanyori veWall Street Journal kuti vamirire maindasitiri avo. Vanowanzove makuru, makambani anozivikanwa seGener Electric uye Kraft Foods.
I S & P 500 inotarisa mazana 500 yakawanda zvakachengetwa pamatokari ku NYSE. S & P 500 inopararira, ichipa mumiririri mukuru wemakambani kubva kumakambani akasiyana-siyana uye mapoka emabhizimusi. Sezvo ine mari yakawanda kupfuura yeNASDAQ kana Dow, haina kumboita pamwe chete nedzimwe mbiri kubvira muna 2008 matambudziko emari .
Aya maitatu matatu anotengesa zvitura zveUnited States, saka vanoita zvakanaka chaizvo pamwe chete. Asi vanorema matanda zvakasiyana. INASDAQ inoshandisa zvikwereti zvose zvemakemikari . Zvinongotora mutengo wekugovera uye unozviwanza kuburikidza nenhamba yezvikamu zvakabudiswa. Saka, hazvina basa kana kambani yakaparadzanisa zvigadzirwa kana kwete.
S & P 500 inoshandisawo mari yemaketeni, asi inongoratidzira mavoti anowanikwa pachena.
Nokudaro, kambani ine zvizhinji zvezvikwata zvichiri kubatwa nehutano hwemhuri hazvizove nezvakawanda.
Dow weights weights inowedzera nepamusoro mari yemitengo yakawanda kwazvo. Izvozvo zvinoreva kuti Dow's performance ichaswededzwa nemakambani asina kupatsanura migove yavo, uye nokudaro vakachengetedza mitengo yakawanda yezvitoro.
MSCI inoshandisa zvikwata munyika yose, kumiganhu uye kumisika inotanga kubuda . Inotarisawo dzimwe nzvimbo dzepasi-nzvimbo, dzakadai seGulf Cooperation Council , pamwe nepasi rose -cap , guru-cap uye mid-cap- stocks.
NASDAQ Kuparara
Musi waAugust 22, 2013, NASDAQ yakavhara kutengesa kwose kubva muna 12:14 pm EDT kusvika 3:25 pm EDT. Iyi flash crash yakakonzerwa apo imwe yevashandi veNGOSE yakanga ichinetsa kutaurirana nes server paNASDAQ. Ivhavha yakapa data pamusoro pematengo ematengo. Pasinei nokuedza kakawanda, dambudziko racho harina kugadziriswa, uye kusimbiswa kunoshumira paNASDAQ kwakaburuka.
Izvi zvinokanganisa hazvifananidzi nekambani yemakambani . Havana simba rekukonzera dambudziko . Havana kutora nguva yakareba zvakakwana kukonzera kururamiswa kwemusika . (Kubva: "NASDAQ muSew Market Market Kusakundikana," The Wall Street Journal, August 22, 2013. "NASDAQ Three Hour Halt Inotaura nezvekuvhiringidzwa mu Marker," Bloomberg, Gumiguru 26, 2013.)
NASDAQ yaivewo nechinetso nePeople yakatanga kupa zvipo zvevanhu , yechipiri yePO yakawanda mune zvakaitika. Musi waMay 18, 2012, kutengesa kwekutanga kwePointing stock Facebook kwakakonzerwa pamaminitsi makumi matatu ekutanga. Vatengesi havana kukwanisa kuisa, kuchinja kana kubvisa mairairo. Mushure mokunge kugadzirwa kwacho kwagadziriswa, chikamu chemareji 460 mamiriyoni akabatanidzwa, achigadzira $ 500 mamiriyoni mukurasika kwevatengesi. NASDAQ yakabvuma kuti yakakonzerwa nezvikanganiso zvekambani. Iyi yakanga isiri yekutanga, sezvo NASDAQ ine nhoroondo yakareba yezvinetso zvakadaro.
NASDAQ Bubble
Musi waMarch 10, 2000, NASDAQ yakasvika kusvika nguva yose yakakwirira ye0048.62. Izvozvo zvakakonzerwa ne tech tech. Irrational exuberance yakatengesa mutengo wemhando ipi neipi ye tech kana yekutengesa mari yepamusoro pamusoro pekufungidzirwa kwakakodzera. Muna 1999, 65.9 muzana yeNASDAQ yaiva magetsi, zvakadai seCisco, Oracle uye Qualcomm. Imwe 15,2 muzana yaiva telecom, uye yakasara yakaitwa nevatengi (5 muzana), utano hwehutano (6.2 muzana), mari (4 muzana) uye vamwe (3.7 muzana).
Iyi bubhu, iyo pachayo, yakatungamirirwa neY2K kutya. Ndiyo apo makambani mazhinji uye vanhu vazhinji vakatenga matsva emakombiyuta matsva. Vakanga vachitya kuti software yekare ingave isingakwanisi kuchinja kubva pamazuva akazotanga ne "19" kusvika kumatambo akazotanga ne "20." Ndiyo yokuti maitiro akawanda ehurongwa chete anongoratidzira mairi maviri ekupedzisira egore rose. Nokudaro, kombiyuta uye mapurogiramu e-software vakanyevera munhu wose kuti avandudze mifoni yavo yekombiyuta kuitira kuti vasakundikana pamusana peusiku pakati peusiku mireniyamu itsva. Izvi zvakaita kuti kutengesa kuwedzere, izvo zvakaita kuti zviite sekambani yekambani yekambani-tech yaive nechokwadi chekuita purofiti.
Sezvakazoitika, vazhinji vekombiyuta maitirwo akanaka. Sezvo munhu wese ainge achangotenga makombiyuta, kuda kwaiva kwakaderera, uye mirairo yezvigadzirwa zvemagetsi zvakaderera. Saizvozvowo NASDAQ, iyo yakaderera kusvika pa1114.11 iyo yakavharwa musi waOctober 9, 2002.
Haisati yadzorerwa zvachose kubva kune yakakwirira ya2000. Yakasvika 2859.12 musi waOctober 31, 2007, isati yasvitsa kusvika 1 268.64 musi waMarch 9, 2009. Yakatora kusvika munaNovember 26, 2013 kuti ivhare kupfuura 4,000.
Iyo NASDAQ yave isinganyanyi kutarisana nekombiyuta yezvikwereti, ikozvino inosanganisira 44,8 muzana chete yehuwandu. Zvinhu zvevatengi, seBhed Bath & Beyond neGreen Mountain, zvino zvinoita 16.3 muzana yeNASDAQ, nepo utano hwehutano hwakawedzera kusvika ku13,9 muzana yehuwandu. Asi makambani makuru epa tech, seApple, Microsoft ne Yahoo, vanoramba vachiita imba yavo paNASDAQ. (Inobva: "Kuvhima NASDAQ Pierces 4,000 Mark," The Wall Street Journal, November 27, 2013.