Mienzaniso Ichangobva Kupfuura uye Chii Chakaita Kuti Vave
Apo chiitiko chenyika, kana kombiyuta yekombiyuta, inoudza mapurogiramu aya chimwe chinhu chisina kujairika chiri kuitika, ivo vanozvitengesa (kana kutenga) maererano nemitemo yavo.
Aya mapurogiramu ekutengeserana anoita chero kufamba kwebasa kuwedzera zvakanyanya, nokudaro kuwedzera ngozi.
2015 NYSE Flash Crash
Pasi reNew York Stock Exchange rakamira kwekutengesa kwemaawa matatu nemaminitsi makumi matatu nemasere panaJuly 8, 2015. Kutengesa kwakakurumidza kuchinjwa kune dzimwe gumi neimwe yekutengeserana, kusanganisira NASDAQ , BATS , uye mazhinji "mashoma emvura." Iko NYSE chete inobhadhara 20 muzana yekutengeserana kwekutengesa, kubva kune vanenge 80 muzana makore gumi apfuura.
Chikonzero chekuvhara hachizivikanwe. Inogona kunge yakabatanidzwa nekuvharwa kwepaiti yekutanga yeWall Street Journal kana kugadziriswa kwehurumende yeUnited Airlines. Zvose izvi zvakaitika musi iwoyo.
2014 Bond Flash Crash
Musi waOctober 15, 2014, chibereko pamakore gumi emari Chivigiro cheNhepfenyuro chakakwira kubva ku 2.0 kubva ku8 kusvika ku8,873 mukati memaminitsi mashomanana. Yakakurumidza kuwedzera. Kupera kwakaita kuti iite sekukurumidza kushamiswa mukuda kwemashoko aya. Bond inobereka inowira apo mitengo inomuka . Yakanga iri zuva guru-zuva rakaderera kubva muna 2009.
Bhuku rakanga rakapetwa kaviri.
Chii chakakonzera icho? Vakawanda vanokanganisa shanduro-yakagadziriswa yakarongwa inokonzera inenge 15 muzana yekutengesa muUnited States Treasurys. Icho chikamu chemakumi matanhatu ematengesi ekutengeswa akaita zvemagetsi, panzvimbo ye-over-the-phone. Iko inokura chero zvingaitwa mumusika.
Pakanga panewo zvishoma zvigadziriswa muzvisungo zvinowanikwa kutengesa.
Paiva makumi mashanu kubva kuzana kubva muzana kubva kune makore gumi ekutengeserana kudarika zvinowanzoitika.
2010 Dow Flash Crash
Musi waMay 6, 2010, Dow yakawira 1 000 points mukati memaminitsi gumi. Iro raiva nheyo huru pane yepamusoro, inodhura $ 1 trillion muhutano. Pakupera kwezuva, yakadzorera makumi manomwe kubva muzana yenharaunda yayo yakarasika. Iuro inowedzerwa kusvika kune imwe gore yakaderera kurwisana nedhora. Kuenda kunzvimbo yakachengeteka yegoridhe kusvika ku $ 1,200 imwe chete. Yakagogodza makore gumi ehurumende yemari inobhadharwa yakabhadhara kusvika ku3.4 muzana.
Chii chakakonzera kutengeswa? A London suburbanite, Navinder Sarao, akanga agere mumba make achishandisa kombiyuta. Muna 2015, vaongorori vakawana kuti Sarao akaita uye akakurumidza kusunungura mazana e "E-mini S & P" mune ramangwana zvibvumirano. Akaita nheyo isiri pamutemo inozivikanwa se "spoofing." Somugumisiro, Waddell & Reed vakaparadza mararamiro mune ramangwana zvibvumirano nekutambisa $ 4.1 mabhiriyoni emitengo.
ICME Group yakanyevera naVaSarao uye mutengesi wake, MF Global, kuti mabasa ake aifanirwa kuurayiwa nokutenda kwakanaka. Spoofing inotarisa mutengo wemusika nekunyengera kuvaka imba yacho, nekukurumidza kuvengesa kuti vawane purofiti.
Panguva iyoyo, munhu wose akafunga kuti kuparara kwakakonzerwa nechirwere chechikwereti chechiGiriki . Chikwereti cheCommunity chakanga chave chichideredzwa kuti chisarudzo chechibvumirano chemajeri nemasangano ekuenzanisa.
Yakaita mhirizhonga mumigwagwa. Kana ECB ichitendera Girisi kusava nechokuita, inogona kukanganisa nedzimwe nyika dzine chikwereti sePortugal, Ireland, neSpain. Vashandi vanochengeta nyika idzi zvibvumirano zvingadai zvakakonzera kurasikirwa kukuru. Sezvo vakawanda vevaizvi vatengi vaiva mabhangi, Libor rose. Izvo zvakafanana nezvakaitika munguva yebhanki ya2007 yechikwereti . Izvi zvakagadzira kutya kwechikwereti chakasununguka mumabhangi eEurope.
Kungofanana nezvimwe zviitiko zvekare zvakapfuura , hazvina kutungamirira kuhupfumi.
2013 Uye Zvimwe NASDAQ Flash Crashes
Iyo NASDAQ inonyanyisa kudengenyeka kwechiedza. Musi waAugust 22, 2013, NASDAQ yakavhara kubva 12:14 pm EDT kusvika 3:25 pm EDT. Rimwe remakombiyuta emakombiyuta ku NYSE haikwanise kutaurirana nes server yeNASDAQ iyo yakaidya dhaka yemari yematengo. Pasinei nokuedza kakawanda, dambudziko racho harina kugadziriswa, uye sevha yakasimudzwa paNASDAQ yakaburuka.
NASDAQ mapurogiramu emakombiyuta akakonzerawo $ 500 mamiriyoni mukurasikirwa kwevatengesi apo Facebook yekutanga public stock offering yakatanga. Musi waMay 18, 2012, IPO yakanonoka kwemaminitsi makumi matatu. Mune mamwe mazwi, vatengesi havana kukwanisa kuisa, kuchinja kana kubvisa mairairo. Kamwe kubwinya kwacho kwagadziriswa, chikamu chema 460 mamiriyoni chakatengeswa.
Iko Stock Market yakasungwa here?
Michael Lewis, munyori weFlash Boys , akati kuvepo kwezvirongwa izvi zvepamusoro-bhizimisi zvinoreva kuti mumwe munhu anokwanisa kutya mari haakwanisi mberi. Zvirongwa izvi zvinotora huwandu hwemashoko uye dzinoita zvisarudzo zvechipiri-yechipiri nemhizha nguva refu munhu asati aita. Makambani anoshanda nawo, saGoldman Sachs uye JP Morgan, havana kurasikirwa nebasa mumakore. Kune wega wekusima mari, anodaro Lewis, mushambadzi wekutengeswa wakabatwa.
Pamusoro peCBC, Lewis akadzivirira tsvakurudzo yake kune mukuru weBATS, wechipiri mukushandura kukuru kune NYSE. Kufanana neNASDAQ, inoshandiswa kune-elektronike, inongokura. Bhizimisi Billionaire Mark Cuban akati njodzi yekukura kukuru kwegasi yakaipisisa kupfuura chero "misika-yakagadzirirwa scalping."
Iyo Inokubata Sei Iwe
Kana Wall Street isingagunwe, zvinogona kunge zvakadaro. Hapana nzira iyo mumwe munhu anotora mashekeri anogona kuunganidza mamwe mashoko kune aya makombiyuta mapurogiramu. Ndosaka zvikwata zvakawanda zveasset zviri kufamba zvishoma. Aya mapurogiramu haatongorongwi, kana.
Mamiriro acho haasi tariro. Kunyangwe zvisingakwanisi kubuda-kufunga zvirongwa izvi zuva rimwe nerimwe, unogona kuziva kuti mushamba unotungamirirwa nekutevera bhizimisi. Chengetedza nzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana . Rongedza mararamiro ako ega yega roga kuti udzoke zvakanaka. Yeuka, hazvisi kuti unoita zvakadini, asi iwe unotadza zvakadini.
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