Kuberekwa kweDow Jones Industrial Average
Dow Jones Industrial Average yakasikwa nemurume anonzi Charles Dow, mumwe wevakiki veDow Jones & Co., iyo imwechete iyo yakabereka The Wall Street Journal .
Mutungamiri waro wakaberekwa musi waFebruary 16, 1885, apo Charles akabudisa chiyero chezuva nezuva chemadoko gumi nemaviri aakanga asarudza, pakutanga aive nemakambani maviri emabhizimisi uye gumi. Mukati memakore mashomanana, akanga atambanudza rondedzero kusvika makumi maviri.
Makore mana gare gare, Charles akaziva kuti makambani emabhizimisi akakurumidza kuve anokosha kupfuura magwagwa. Akashandura rondedzero yepakutanga (paWall Street, iyo nzira inozivikanwa se "kugadzirisa") uye akaitumidza kuti Dow Jones Rail Average (mumakore ekuma1970, zita racho rakashandurwa kuDow Jones Kutakura Average kuvhara kuiswa kwekutakura kwemhepo uye dzimwe nzira dzokufambisa). Akabva atanga mutsva wezvikwata zvinosanganisira makambani gumi nemaviri uye akazvitumidza kuti Dow Jones Industrial Average kana DJIA kwenguva pfupi. Nzira yekuverengera zviyero zvakataurwa maererano nemitambo iyi itsva yakanga yakafanana: Akawedzera mutengo wematengo emakambani aakange asarudza, akaparadzaniswa nenhamba yekambani dziri mumutsara panguva iyoyo, uye akabudisa chigumisiro chacho.
Iyo yekutanga yakabudiswa Dow Jones Industrial Average figure yaiva 40.94. Muchirevo chisinganzwisisiki, zvinoreva kuti mavhareji emitengo yemadhora yevane gumi navaviri vaMnu Dow vakanga vasarudza yaiva $ 40.94.
Mavambo 12 Okutanga
Zvitoro gumi nezviviri zvepakutanga muDow Jones Industrial Average zvakagadzira zvese zvakakwana zvemabhizimisi-zvakagadziriswa makambani uye zvakaitwa sezvizvi:
- American Cotton Oil
- American Sugar
- American Fodya
- Chicago Gas
- Distilling & Cattle Feeding
- General Electric
- Laclede Gas
- National Lead
- North America
- Tennessee Coal & Iron
- US Leather Pfd.
- US Rubber
Panguva iyoyo, idzi dzaive dzakakura, dzakabhadhara, uye makambani anoremekedzwa zvikuru. Zakawanda dzakazopedzisira dzatsiviwa muDow Jones Industrial Average, asi maererano naProfesa Jeremy Siegel, munyori weConss for the Long Run , vose asi mumwe chete akazove neramangwana ramangwana revashandi. Izvo zvaiva US Leather Corp., iyo iyo Siegel inotaura yakasunungurwa muma1950. "Vashandi vakagamuchira $ 1.50 pamwe chete pamwe chete kweKeta Oil & Gesi; rakasimba rakawana kare. Asi muna 1955, mutungamiriri wenyika, Lowell Birrell, uyo akazotiza kuBrazil kutiza kubva kuhurumende yeUnited States, akatora pfuma yeKeta. Inogoverana muUnited States Chikwata, icho muna 1909 chakanga chiri chesangano guru rechinomwe muUnited States, rakava risina maturo . "Uye iwe wakafunga kuti Enron yakanga yakagadzirwa nhasi!
Kuchinja Kwenguva
Muna 1916, Dow Jones Industrial Average yakarongedzwa kusanganisira makumi maviri ematokisi (anozivikanwa se "zvikamu"). Pakazosvika 1928, DJIA yakawedzerwa kusvika pamatanda makumi matatu, iyo inoramba iine mutemo nhasi.
Vanyori veThe Wall Street Journal vanofunga kuti makambani anowanikwa muDow Jones Industrial Average.
Hapana mimwe mitemo yekubatanidzwa, kungoita sarudzo dzakawanda dzinoda hurumende dzakawanda, dzinoremekedzwa, dzakakura dzinomiririra chikamu chikuru chebasa rezvemari muUnited States.
Ikoko Inosimbisa Nhasi
Somugumisiro wematambudziko echikwereti uye " Great Recession " ya2008-2009, Dow Jones Industrial Average yakave nekuchinja kukuru sezvo makambani akakundikana, akabatanidzwa, kana kuti akangodonhedzwa kubva pakero. Kubva munaJune 2009, yezvino makumi matatu Dow components ndeyokuti:
- 3M Company
- Alcoa
- American Express
- AT & T
- Bank of America
- Boeing
- Caterpillar
- Chevron Corp
- Cisco
- DuPont
- Exxon Mobil Corp.
- General Electric
- Hewlett-Packard Co.
- Intel Corporation
- IBM
- Johnson & Johnson
- JP Morgan Chase
- Kraft Foods
- McDonald's
- Merck & Co., Inc.
- Microsoft
- Pfizer Inc.
- Coca-Cola
- Home Depot
- Procter & Gamble
- Vatambi
- United Technologies Corporation
- Verizon
- Wal-Mart
- Walt Disney
Kururamisa
Mhinduro inoshanda yeiyi kuverenga ndeyokuti chikwama chaine $ 100 chikwata chakanaka kaviri kacho chikamu paDIAIA seimwe ine $ 20 mutengo wekugovera (zvakakodzera, kwete, asi iwe unowana pfungwa), kunyange kana kambani yekupedzisira yakanga iine kambani yepamusika yaive yakawanda kanomwe! Ndokusaka kambani yakadai saBerkshire Hathaway, iyo inoshandisa nguva inopfuura $ 100,000 pamiganhu, haikwanisi kuwedzerwa kuDow pasina imwe nzira yekushandura murairi nokuti inogona kumira pakarepo urongwa hwose.
Izvo zvisina kururama zvakakurumidza kuonekwa apo makambani akazivisa kushambadzirwa kwezvikwereti uye zvimwe zvekutengeserana zvakashandura mutengo wavo wekugovera mazita. Imwe kambani inokura, kuti iite migove yavo inotengesa, inogona kuwedzera pfuma yavo yakakosha nekuparadzanisa 2-1. Nokudaro, mari ye $ 80 yaizosvika pamadhora makumi mana, asi inenge iine kaviri yakawanda inowanikwa. Pasi pechipimo chekutanga cheDow Jones Industrial Average, kushanduka kwezvipfeko kusina maturo kunokonzera kuti DJIA iwire kunyange kana mashamba akawedzera muhuno!
Kubhadhara, mutungamiri weDIAIA inowanzoshandurwa kwezviitiko zvekambani nekutengeserana. Nyaya yakareba kwenguva yakareba, kana chiitiko chekugoverwa kwematengesi , kukosha kweDow Jones Industrial Average inoratidzwa zvose zvisati zvapera uye pashure pekuparadzana. Iko-post-split divisor inoshandurwa kuitira kuti kuchinja mumatengo emakambani ekambani kuve nehuwandu hwekuchinja kwehuwandu muhuwandu hwakazara sekunge kupatsanurwa kwakanga kusati kwamboitika.
Maererano neWall Street Journal , mutungamiri wezvino ndiye 0.132319125. Icho chinoreva kuti $ 1 inofamba muDow stock ichaguma nekufamba kwemashoko manomwe 7.56 muDow Jones Industrial Average.
Mukugadzirisa, vatsoropodzi vanopesana nemitiro weAsinine wekuregeredza huwandu huwandu hwekambani, kuisa pfungwa panzvimbo yechinhu chisina maturo chinyorwa chinogona kugadziriswa kuburikidza nekudzikinurwa kwekugovana kana kubudiswa. Ndicho chikonzero iwe uchanowanzowana vashandi vemari vadzidzisi vanozoshandisa S & P 500 , iyo inogadzirisa huwandu hwemashamba emari.