Izvo Zvakanaka, Zvakaipa, uye Zvakaipa zvekutsvaga muIndaneti Funds
Mumaawa mashomanana anotevera, ndinoda kufamba newe kuburikidza nekufunga kwandinoita pamusoro pekushandisa mari - yakanaka, yakaipa, uye yakaipa - kukubatsira kuwana mamwe maonero.
Ndeapi Index Funds?
Kuti unzwisise kuti chii chinyorwa chekoti, iwe kutanga unoda kunzwisisa tsanangudzo yehurukuro.
Nyeredzi haisipo zvechokwadi mupfungwa. Asi, chidzidzo chedzidzo; pfungwa. Chaizvoizvo, inofanana nemunhu kana komiti yevanhu vanogara pasi uye vachiuya nemhando yemitemo yekuti ingagadzira sei chikwereti chekuchengetwa kwemunhu mumwe nomumwe nokuti, pamagumo, chinhu chaicho chete chaunokwanisa kuita ndechokuti iwe uzviise mune mumwe munhu mumwe chete matokisi kana zvisungo , tichifunga kuti tiri kuvharidzira kukurukurirana kwedu kuhutano uye misika yakasarudzwa yemari.
Semuenzaniso, iyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa yemazuva ose, Dow Jones Industrial Average , inongororwa makumi matatu ebhuruti chip stocks . Urongwa urwu hunofanira kuumbwa nemumiririri wezvimedu zvezvikwata zvinokosha kuhupfumi hweUnited States.
Nhengo idzi dzinorema zvichienderana nemutengo wematengo uye kugadziriswa kunoitwa nokuda kwezvinhu zvakadai sendika inoparadzaniswa . Nzvimbo dziri mumutsetse dzakasarudzwa nevanyori veThe Wall Street Journal . Nhoroondo yekuti, DJIA yave isina kunyanya kushanduka sezvo kuchinja kunenge kusingawanzoitiki. Dow Jones Industrial Avhareji yakarova dzimwe dzakawanda dzakawanda, kusanganisira S & P 500, kwenguva yakareba kwenguva yakareba nemuganhu unobatsira pane zvakakosha kunyange zvazvo mitsva yegore negore inopera uye inowanzooneka shoma.
Kutaura nezveS & P 500, ikozvino, zvichida, inonyanya kutaurwa nenyaya munyika. Muchidimbu cheSvondo neVasina 500, yakatanga kutangwa muna 1957. S & P 500 ine nzira yakaoma kupfuura yeDow Jones Industrial Average. Ndanyora zvakajeka pamusoro pekuti, mumakore gumi apfuura, S & P 500 yenzira dzave dzakashandurwa zvinyararire munzira dzakawanda vashandi vasina ruzivo vangave vasinganzwisisi asi izvo, dai vakanga vari munzvimbo yekare, zvingadai zvakaderedza anodzosera musika wekutengesa index yakaitwa. Vashandi vemazuva ano vanonyanya kusaziva kuti izvo zvavari kuwana hazvisi S & P 500 yavokurukuru. Pane imwe nguva, iwe unopinda Ship of Theseus zvinotyisa uye unofanirwa kushamisika, panguva ipi iwe uri kutarisana nechinhu chakasiyana chose.
Chero chiitiko chipi nechipi, chinyorwa chekambani chinongova chikwata chekugadzirisa mari , panzvimbo pokuva nemabiko emapatotikoti achiita sarudzo, kubudisa basa rekugoverwa basa kune mumwe munhu kana komiti kusarudza nzira yekucherechedza. Izvi zvinoreva, kana iwe ukatenga Dow Jones Industrial Average index fund kana ETF (ye ETF, kana shanduko yekutengeserana mari, ndiyo mutual fund iyo inoshandiswa sechikamu chesaiti zuva rose pane kugadzirisa pakuguma kwezuva sechinyakare mutual fund; kazhinji purotiyoti imwechete, ibasa rakafanana), uri kungoisa basa rekushandisa mari yako kune vanyori veThe Wall Street Journal .
Kana iwe uchitenga S & P 500 index fund, uri kunyanya kupa basa rokutarisira mari yako kuvanhu vashomanana pa Standard uye Varombo. Pakupedzisira, iwe unenge uine podfolio yematokisi ega, inongorongedzerwa muhutano hwakarongeka nemutungamiri wepafotoreti pamusoro pazvo uyo ane basa rokutora zvitsva pedyo nehurukuro sezvinobvira (inozivikanwa se "kutevera"). Kuti udzidze zvakawanda pamusoro pekugadzirisa kwebato rekubatana, verenga Sei Mutual Fund Yakagadzirwa .
Ndezvipi Zvakanakira Kuisa muIndaneti Mari?
Nhepfenyuro yemari ine zvakawanda zvakakosha, kunyanya kune vashandi varombo, ndicho chimwe chezvikonzero zvandakaisa kurumbidzwa kwakawanda pamusoro pavo kwemakore.
Chokutanga, chero bedzi mutengesi anoziva kuti hakuna magetsi pamusoro pezwi rokuti "index" - kune mazano akanaka, maitiro asina kunaka, uye maitiro akawandisa - uye anosarudza ane njere pasi pehurukuro inotungamirirwa nedare rakagadzikana uye rinotarisira sangano rekuchengetedzeka kwezvinhu , rinofanira kupa nzira inogutsa yekubatanidzwa mune chero ipi zvayo iri mumusika inomiririra nekutenga kamwe chete.
Izvo zvine zvakawanda zviri nyore uye zvinogona kureva kutengesa kuderera kunowedzera, izvo zvinokosha kana iwe uri kungoita mari yakaita $ 25,000 kana $ 50,000 uye mamishinari angadya chiyero chakanaka chemukuru wako kana wakaedza kuvaka yako 30, 50, 100+ stock portfolio directly in a brokerage account .
Chechipiri, akawanda emari yemari mumatengesi ehurumende anowanzomhanyira nenzira inoderedza kushandiswa kwemari. Kutsika-kutengesa, kana kukwirira kwepamusoro zvichienderana nekuti iwe unofanirwa kuitaura sei, kwave kwenguva refu iri chinhu chikuru chekutsvaga mari zvakanaka. Kutaura zvazviri, kune boka guru rekutsvakurudza rinoratidza kuti vatengesi vangava nani pane dzimwe nguva vachitenga zvinyorwa zvinyorwa zvakananga, semunhu mumwechete, uye akagara pavari pasina kuchinja kunotevera pane zvavanenge vachiita nekutsvaga muhurukuro mari pachayo. Aya mahombekombe ekufambisa, sezvinongozivikanwa dzimwe nguva, anoda rudzi rwehumwe hwepfungwa asi mibairo pamusoro pemakore ema25 kusvika ku50 inogona kushamisa. Iwe haufaniri kunetseka nezvenzira yekushandura uye iwe une huwandu hwakanaka hwekugadzirisa mutero kushandura mafungiro kana uchida kuwedzera mari.
Chechitatu, mari yehurukuro inowanzova nechepasi mutual fund mari yakaenzana kupfuura mamwe mari pamwe chete. Izvi zvinogona kuwedzera kumari chaiyo kwekufamba kwenguva kana iwe usina ruzivo rwakakwana kuti uve nehopetiyo yakawanda neyakaderedza shanduro kushandisa zvimwe mikana uye mazano ekuronga. Tora zvakasimba saVanguard, iyo inonyanya kubhadhara mari yekuenzanisira munyika. Maererano nePennsylvania-based asset manager, bhadharo yevamwe vezvemari yeimwe rekambani dzekubvisa mari yaiva $ 29,603 chete [Gwaro rePeji, peji 5, rakadhindwa]. Izvozvo zvinoreva hafu yezvinyorwa izvi zvine zvishoma kudarika $ 29,603 uye hafu dzine zvakawanda.
Izvo zvishoma zvisinganzwisisiki zvakaenzaniswa nehuwandu hwemahofisi ekuchengetedza mahofisi. Zvechokwadi, hazvikwanisi kunyange kubhadhara mari shoma pane dzakawanda zvevhenu-girafu, mahedheni akanaka ekufambisa mararamiro anovaka zvikwata zvehupfumi nehupamhi hwepamusoro hunokosha (kukupa iwe pfungwa, iyo yakasimbiswa ini yekugadzirisa hupfumi hwemhuri huri nehuwandu hwekutsinhanisa $ 500 000 kungofungidzira kushanda nemumwe muteresi anoda kuisa nesu). Mumwe mutengesi ane $ 29,603 aisagona kuwana kunyange kushandiswa kunzvimbo dzakawanda dzebhengi trust departments . Kunyange zvakadaro, kana iyo iyo yaingova $ 100,000 kana $ 150,000, mamwe emabhengi aya ematare ehurumende aizotengesa mari yekubhadhara mari iri pakati pe2,5% ne03% kuitira kuti zvisave zvisina kukodzera kupa iyo inenge yakatenderwa kusinganzwisisiki maererano nenhamba kunze kwekuti iwe uri kuwana imwe yemhando yakakwana yekugadzirira mari kana mamwe mabasa; somuenzaniso, chirikadzi mune purazi rekufura iyo isingatarisirwi nekumubhadhara zvikwereti nokuti bhangi inotarisira zvinhu zvose kuitira kuti iye ararame mazuva ake akasara murugare pashure pokurasikirwa nomurume kana mudzimai wake. Ikoko kunogona kushandiswa zvakanyanya kune munhu ari mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, kunyanya munhu asina kunaka nemari uye asina makore makumi masere kuti ararame kuitira kuti mari yakasiyana-siyana isina nguva yakawandisa yekuwedzera pamusoro payo maererano nemari yemukana .
Kutaura zvazviri, ndinonzwa zvakasimba pamusoro pezvinogona kugadziriswa mari yehurukuro yemari iyo ndinofunga kuti inonyanya kutonga mutemo wechidiki kune umwe mudiki wezvokutengesa zvinoreva kudyidzana kuburikidza ne 401 (k) chirongwa chebasa kusvika nguva dzose inosarudza pasi -cost, yakanyanyisa kuburitsa mari yechikwata pamusoro peimwe yemimwe zvipo zvinowanikwa kwaari. Ndizvo zvandinobata nayo mhuri yangu pfuma kana vakanamatira mukati meurongwa hwekurega basa panzvimbo yebasa ravo.
Chechina, mari yekuenzanisira ine ruzivo rwakakura rwepfungwa rwevanhu avo vasiri nhengo dzakanaka nematemu. Usafungidzira kuti zvinoshamisa sei izvi zvingava mukuponesa mhuri kubva mumatambudziko emari uye kuparadzwa nekuda kwerutendo rwayo pane mufambiro. Vakawanda vevarume nevakadzi, avo vangave vakangwara, vanhu vakanaka, vasinganzwisisi zvakananga kuti nhamba dzinobatana sei. Kuti uzviratidze, tora iyo inonzi "bat and ball question".
"Bhati uye bhora zvinodhura $ 1.10. Bhati yacho inodhura $ 1.00 kupfuura ibhola. Bhora rinodhura zvakadini? "
Vanhu vakawanda vanopindura, "$ .10". Zvakaipa. Mhinduro ndeye $ .05. Nenzira imwecheteyo havagone kunzwisisa izvozvi - uye vanhu vanogona kudzidza mumatambudziko akawanda, hongu, ndeyekuti havadi kunetseka - havanzwisisi mathemisi ekusiyana-siyana. Havana kuwana izvozvi zvikamu zvinogona kuwedzerwa pamutengo wakaderera, pamwero wepamusoro, kudarika chikwereti chakazara kana kuti kukanganisa kwakasiyana-siyana kwezvikwata zvakasiyana munzira kunogona kuguma nekudzoka kwakanaka. Nhamba yehurongwa mari inogadzirisa izvi nokuti inoshanda seye zvandakadana kushandiswa kwebfuscation. Iyo yakavanza kudzoka kwezvinhu zvakakosha kuitira kuti vashandi havafaniri kufunga nezvavo. Havana kuona zvinhu zvakafanana nemafuta emafuta anowira ne50% kana kupfuura nekuti yakavanzwa mumusoro wekutanga index fund share price number. Vashandi vane ruzivo, vanoita zvekurima masayendisiti, havatsvaki pfungwa dzakadaro. Ivo vane matanda zvakananga. Nenzira iyi, mari yekuenzanisira inogona kubatsira kukurudzira vatengesi kuti varambe kwenguva yakareba kupfuura ivo vangave vangave, vachifunga nezvehuwandu hwavo hwose uye kwete yezvinhu zvakakosha. (Pane dambudziko rine chinangwa mune izvi, kunyange zvakadaro, mune izvo kana nzira dzekuchinja dzichiita kuti hurumende dzisanyanya kudarika stellar, pakupedzisira, izvo zvinokuvadza mutengesi.Kunzwisisa zvandinoreva, chinyorwa chekare ndakanyora mubatsiro wangu.)
Chechipiri, mari yekuenzanisira, nehupenyu hwekusiyana-siyana, inoparidzira dambudziko revatengesi vanotambura nekunzwisisa kwemazwi kunonzi irrational escalation.
Chechitanhatu, mari yekuenzanisa inoshandisa vanhu vasingakwanise kukoshesa mabhizimisi , uye saka havana bhizinesi rekutakura mashizha, kuti vasapinda muedzo wekusarudza wega wega matanho mumabhizimisi akasiyana. Iwe haungatendi kuti kakawanda sei ndakatarisa vanhu vakangwara vakachenjera mumarudzi ose emunharaunda vachikanda upenyu hwavo mukambani yavasinganzwisisi zvichienderana nekururamisa kunonyanyisa. Nokutsvaga mafungiro avo kune vanyori veThe Wall Street Journal , vashomanana vevashandi se Standard and Poor's, kana kuti chero ani zvake angave ari kutarisa rondedzero, vanowanzobvumira avo vane mari yakawanda yekudzidza nekunyatsonzwisisa kuita zvisarudzo nokuda kwavo.
Chii Chinonzi Downsides yekutsvaga muIn Index Funds?
Pamusoro peflip side, kune huwandu hwekuvhiringidza kukuru kwekutsvaga mari mune index index. Izvi zvinowedzera kududzirwa kana iwe uchibudirira iwe.
Kutanga, iwe unoda kunzwisisa kuti iyo mari yehurukuro ndeyekufungidzira kusina basa kwechinhu chinoita kuti vashande. Izvo hazvisi zvakanaka, zvinongova "zvakakwana". Paunotarisa uchapupu huripo hwehudzidzo, hunotyisa mukuratidza kuti, muchiitiko, kubudirira kunowanzoitika kune vashandi vanoti:
- Itai kuti hutano hwakasiyana-siyana huve nawo
- Nguva yakawanda yehuwandu hunokonzerwa nekudhura kwepamusoro uye
- Chengetedza mari shoma.
Kune varairi vepasi uye yepakati, chikamu chemari ndiyo ndiyo nzira chete yekuita izvozvo kana iwe usingadi kupa nguva yakawandisa kune chikwereti chako. Zvechokwadi, kunyange zvazvo ramangwana ringave rakasiyana neyakare saka saka hapana chivimbo chokuti chichagara chiri saizvozvo, kana iwe ukagona kudzokera shure munguva uye uine chisarudzo pakati pekutsvaga mari mune imwe chinyorwa chekutsvaga - tichasarudza S & P 500 yemari yemari yemari inorema shanduro nokuda kwekuita nyore - kana kuumba yako pachake purogiramu yemari yekutsvaga nokutenga zvese mazana mashanu pasi pezvitokisi, mumwe nomumwe, pachiyero chakaenzana-uye nekudzibata pasina kuchinja kwakatevera, kusanganisira kutarisa nzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzevanhu dzinoparara ingadai yakaputsa purogiramu yehurumende yevanhu vanopfuura 30, 40, 50+ gore.
Sezviri nyaya, haisi kunyange pedyo. Hapana munhu akangwara angadai akasarudza purogiramu yehurumende yehurukuro pamusoro pezvivako zvakanyatsogadziriswa mari yezvikwata zvakagadzirwa nemunhu akachengetedzwa akachengetwa pachiyero chakaenzana kana aona dheta kana aigona kutenga mari. Dr. Jeremy Siegel nevatsvakurudzi vake veWharton vakaratidza izvi kupfuura zvese zvinogona kusagadzikana saka kukakavara nazvo kwakafanana nekutsigira Flat Earth Society. Nhamba idzi dzakachena uye hadzina kugadziriswa. Vadzidzisi vezvedzidzo pakati pekambani yekuchengetedza mararamiro vanoziva izvi asi ndeye Mokita - chokwadi chisingatauri kunze kwemakwikwi emakambani kana mamwe makirasi nokuti hazvigone kugovera pane zvakapararira pasina kuputsa mararamiro ehutano nekuda kwekushayiwa kwekutengesa zviduku zvakanyanya (zvakagadzikana zvakanyanya, izvo zvikamu zvakakura zvino zvinofanira kusvetuka-kurema kunogadziriswa, izvo zvinonyatsoreva amai uye vapapuri vesairi vemari yehurumende yemari munguva yemberi vachave vachiendesa upfumi hwavo kune vapfumi vepakati vanofunga kutengesa kunze Pamusoro pemagetsi emusika, kushandiswa kwemasikirwo esoteric, apo pazvinenge zvichidiwa kuti ugone kugadziriswa kwemahombekombe makuru ehurukuro, inosvika kune imwezve kutama kubva kune varombo kune vapfumi.Uye usatombotanga ini kutanga kwekuti vanhu vazhinji vanofunga S & P 500 haigoni kutarisirwa - haisi, inonyanya kushamisika asi yakawanda inotungamirirwa nekomiti yevanhu vari ku Standard uye Poor's vanochinja mitemo nguva nenguva, kusanganisira sellin g kune dzimwe nyika dzakakwirira dzakadzoka kune dzimwe nyika).
Vazhinji veboka rekushandiswa kwemaasset vachaenderera mberi sevanoratidzirana-sezvikwata zvakadai sezviya kune vashandi vanodikanwa nekusiyana-siyana kwehutano hunorema hwakakwana kana vachikumbira. Izvo zvinogona kuitwa pamari shoma shoma yakawedzerwa iyo mubhadhari ane chikwata chakakosha. Kutaura zvazviri, John Bogle pachake akaedza kuwana Vanguard kuti apiwe basa rakadaro makumi emakore apfuura vasati vatungamiri avo vakazomumanikidzira kupinda mubhadharo nekuda kwezera rake vakaramba pfungwa yacho semabasa akawanda ekusimudzira. Somunhu, ndaifunga kuti izvi zvainyadzisa nokuti Bogle yakanga yakarurama - migumisiro yemitero kune vashandi vane pfuma yakakosha zvakakwana, vachisiya kunze zvakaenzana-kurema-kuenzanisa-kutengesa-kurema zvakanakisisa zvachose, kuti zvichiri nani kuva nezvakakosha zvikamu zvakananga. Pakati pengozi yekupindiswa mukati, izvo zvandichabata zvishoma muchinguva, uye kukwanisa kubhadhara mutero paunenge uchida kukwidza mari, iyo inowedzera inotyisa sezvo nguva inopfurikidza uye inowedzera mabasa ayo magetsi. Vanhu vasinganzwisisi nheyo dziri shure kwebasa rekutanga reBogle, chinhu chinokonzera chikwangwani chekanyorwa chinoshanda pakutanga, musanzwisisi ruzhinji, sangano rakagadzirirwa harisi chikonzero; hazvitariswi kutora masimba ekusava nehanya, kuderedza mari, uye kubhadhara mutero. Asi, inongova nzira yevaya vasina kukwana zvakakwana kuti vashandise. Ndiyo yechipiri yakanakisisa. Zvaisati zvambofanirwa kune vapfumi, avo, kana vachida kunyora, vanofanira kunge vari kutarisira purogiramu yega yega mari yavo pachavo.
Zvingatora zvakadini kuti zvive nekutsigira kuvaka yako pachake index index asi panzvimbo yekutsvaga mari kuburikidza nehuwandu hwevanhu huwandu hunoratidza mari? Mubvunzo wakanaka. Kushingaira kwakapoteredzana nemasikisi akawanda echechena kunoratidza kuti ungangodaro wakaita pakati pe 0.75% uye 1.00% kana iwe uine pasi pe $ 5 mamiriyoni. Kana uine $ 5 Mamiriyoni kusvika ku $ 100 Mamiriyoni, unogona kurega nekubhadhara pakati pe 0.25% uye 0.50%. Pamusana pekukwanisa kubhadhara mutero-kurasikirwa kwekukohwa uye kuva nezvinhu zvakapararira zvakaenzana, kune mukanano wakanaka pamusoro pemakore makumi mashanu nemakumi maviri nemakumi mashanu, iwe haungati uri nani zviri nani, asi hero inobatsira zvikuru kunyange pasinei nemari yakaderera yakakwirira kusvika kune imwe yenzira yekugadzira mapepatipu yekodhiyo yemuongorori wekodzero yako kupfuura iwe waizova nehuwandu hwemari yehurumende. Kunyangwe zvakashata, iwe akapfuma iwe uri, chikuru icho chakanaka. Izvi hazvibviri kana iwe une chimwe chinhu chakaita $ 50 000 kunze kwekuti iwe uri kunyatsogadzirisa uye uchiita kuti hurumende yekutengeserana ikupe hupi mazana mashanu emabhizimisi akasununguka mukutsinhana kwekuzarura kambani saka izvo mutengesi iyeye anovandudza zvikamu zvekusununguka. Kunyangwe zvakadaro, ichava nebasa rakawanda rebasa kwauri uye iwe unotyisidzira mari yekugadzirisazve mari ye $ 50 kana kupfuura kudzvora muidzo yako inenge isina basa kune $ 10 mamiriyoni asiri kureva mari yakawanda pamadhora mazana mashanu emadhora. Kuparadzaniswa-kuchaitika kuchaitika. Tender zvinopiwa zvichawedzerwa. Mapurisa achada kuvhota . Zvinyorwa zvemashumo zvinongobvira zvingaviga imba yako yekugara. Ndiyo kuenzanisa kwakasiyana kubva kune mumwe munhu ane $ 750,000 anoenda kunzvimbo yakadai seHome Capital uye achibhadhara 0.89% kana mumwe munhu ane $ 50,000,000 achienda kuGoldman Sachs uye achibhadhara 0.25% kuti azvichengetedze panjodzi uye kuti zvose izvi zvichengetedzwe pasina kushungurudzika.
Imwe nyaya inogona kukanganisa nevashambadzi vapfumi vanochengeta mari yekodzero iyo hapana munhu anoda kutaura pamusoro, uye kunyange kana vachidaro, vanoramba kutenda nenzira imwechete vanhu vasingateereri nengozi dzemadhora-com uye zvikwereti zvinokonzerwa nematokari , ndiyo ngozi yekubatanidzwa kwemari gains. Ndanyora pamusoro peizvi zvisati zvaitika, zvakare, asi ndechimwe chezvidzidzo izvo varairi vasazviziva kuti ingangodaro dambudziko kunze kwekuti vakakurira kumativi eupfumi kana vakave vakapfuma kwenguva yakareba zvakakwana kuti vazive nezvakakomba izvo inobva pakutevedzera zvinomwe zvinomwe, zvisere, kana zvipfumbamwe. Izvo zvakanyanyisa benzi kune munhu akadaro - Ndinoziva izvi zvinonzwika zvakashata asi iwe unoda kuzvinzwa nokuti ndiri kuedza kukuponesa kubva pakukanganisa kunogona kukubhadhara mari yakawanda - kuti mupfumi akapfuma kutenga mari inoreva chimwe chinhu chakafanana neVanguard S & P 500 index fund mune imwe nhoroondo yakabhadharwa iyo, pamwe nehuwandu husina basa hwebasa, iye anogona kuvaka purojeti zvakananga kunze kwezvimwe zvikwata uye kudzivisa pangozi yekubatwa nematambudziko makuru emitero anokonzerwa nekuti kubva munzira iyo kodhi yemitero inobata zvikwereti zvisati zvamboitika mune mari.
Kunyanya, Vanguard ine $ 198,712,172,000 mune iyo mari yakadaro sekupera kwegore ra2014, iyo iyo $ 89,234,130,000 yakave nezvisina kuwanikwa. Kana Vanguard aizotarisana nekodzero yakawanda pachikwata chechikonzero chero chipi zvacho-uye zvinhu izvi zvaita, uye, uye zvichaitika - kutungamirirwa kunogona kumanikidzirwa kubvisa nzvimbo idzodzo kana, kana zvakanakisisa, kuvabhadhara "nekunaka". Ichi ndicho chinhu Vanguard varairi vasati vafanotarisa kufunga nokuti sezvo kuongororwa kwave kuri kuva mafashoni ekupedzisira, yakakwanisa kubhadhara zvikudzikinuro zvekudzikinura nemafidzo matsva kakawanda, nhumbi dzese dzinokura munguva refu. Izvi zvinofanira kumira, zvinogona kuipa.
Vanhu vazhinji havafaniri kushungurudzika pamusoro payo nokuti vane pesa iri mune 401 (k), Roth IRA , kana imwe nzvimbo yemutero. Iwewo unogona kunge usina hanya nazvo kana iwe uchironga kupa zvizhinji zveimba yako kune rudo uye wako wako ndeyemakore mashomanana muduku kudarika iwe ane tarisiro yeupenyu iri pedyo nekuguma kwayo. Warren Buffett muenzaniso wakanaka. Mudzimai wake wechipiri, Astrid, achagara kune imwe nzvimbo inenge madhora mazana maviri emadhora kuitira kuti arambe akasununguka mushure mekufa kwake, iyo $ 90 mamiriyoni ichave ari muS & P 500 index index uye $ 10 mamiriyoni mumari. Zvisinei, Buffett ichava nechokuita ichi ichiisa mune imwe rudzi rwechiritable annuity trust , inogona kunge yakarongeka neManger Tolles, iyo inotambidza inenge inenge iyo yose inotengesa mutero. Kunyange dai asina, akapiwa mari yakawanda, uye mikana yekuguma kwehupenyu inosvika munguva shomanana, kushambadzira hakuna kukodzera kuvaka chikwata chemhosva zvakananga sezvo iye asiri kusiya mari kuvana vake uye vazukuru.
Dai waizondibvunza, ndingangodaro ndakatora mutsara pamadhora emamiriyoni maviri, ndichiti kana iwe uchida kutevera urongwa hwekunyoresa uye wakanga uine huwandu hunomwe huri pasi huwandu hunomwe huripo huri kunze kwekudzivirirwa kwakadaro mune zvakakonzerwa, vanhu vose chinyorwa chekubhadhara pane iwe pachako iwe pachako wakavakwa index index, iwe unogona kureva zvakanaka asi iwe uri kuita zvoupenzi zvikuru. Ndinoshuva kuti ndinogona kutaura zvakanyanya nemutsa kana nenzira isingakugadziri iwe, uye zvisinei kuti iwe ungasada sei ini nokuda kwekuita izvi, hazvichinje chokwadi chokuti nechinguva chiduku , uye zvinenge zvisina mari yakawanda yemari, iwe unogona kubvisa mukana wekutengesa mitero yakabatanidzwa, unakidzwa nemutero usingakoshi kukohwa, uye zvichida yakakwirira yakadzoka kwenguva refu nekuda kwenzira yakakwirira yepakutanga yakaenzana-nheyo dzepamusoro zvachose uye asi iwe unosarudza kusava kunze kusanzwisiswa kuti ndeyako iwe, nzira yakarongeka, kana kuvimbiswa. Mukana wekutora wefuma yakarasika ndeyechokwadi. Zvinoreva. Iwe uye vagari venhaka yako hamuna mumwe munhu ane mhosva. Hakusi kunyange kunyanya kushandiswa, asi zvakare; kwete panguva iyoyo. Kana iwe wakamboshanda nehurumende yekuchengetedza pfuma, iwe unoziva kuti iwe unogona kupinda mukati memari yako yekuchengetedza zviri nyore sezvaunogona kukwanisa kubhadhara kambani yehurumende yemari. Hapana hutsika chaihwo pano hupi, zvakare, chikwata chinodiwa chiripo.
Kunyange zvakadaro, pese pandinozvitaura izvi, pane zvichange zvisingabviri kuvenga tsamba iyo inopinda mubhokisi rangu. Hazvidziviriki. Vanhu vane mazano asina kunaka pamusoro penhepfenyuro yemari mune kuti vanonzwisisa zvikomborero asi vanokundikana kunzwisisa chikonzero nei vachishanda. Havanzwisisi kuti zvakakosha sei zvinyorwa zvekunyorera zvakananga munyaya yega yega zvinogona kunge zvichishanda kushandisa sangano revanhu rakagadzirwa apo iwe uine pfuma yakakwana. Somugumisiro, vanoramba kutotarisa mazviri, pane izvozvi zvinowanzonyatsojekesa kuti hapana chikonzero chaicho chokusawirirana. Ichokwadi ichokwadi. Haisi nyaya yekuravira saiyo kana chienzaniswa nenyuchi, iyo nyaya yeunhamba. Izvi zvinondiyeuchidza nezvevanhu vanovenga magweta vanoparadza mamiriyoni emadhora emari yavo yakaoma-yakawana iyo inogona kunge yakaenda kune vagari venhaka dzavo nokuti vanoramba kubata neurongwa hwemigodhi hunoda kungoita zvishoma zvishoma zvishoma kuti vashandise zvishoma chigaro chechivako , asi ndakazviona zvichiitika. Izvo zvachose zvisina musoro.
Chimwe chaicho chikuru chakakanganiswa kwehurukuro yemari ndeyekuti havasi ivo vakangwara vanomiririra zvikamu zvakasiyana siyana nemabhizimisi . Pane izvo zvandinofunga kuti ndezvakanaka zvikuru zvekuti ikozvino S & P 500 index inorema zvakanyanya zvikuru kumakambani emari. Chinhu chakafanana nekambani yakagadzirirwa pane imwechete inogona kukonzera izvo; kusika purogiramu yemari yega yega seye ndakatotaurirana uye zvino kuenzanisa mamwe masangano nemabhizimisi zvakanyanya zvikuru mukuda kwezvakakosha. Zvimwewo, kana iwe uri muzviiti-iwe-iwe pachako, iwe unogona kubata chikamu chekuunganidza mari yeongororano zvino unowedzera podfolio mune dzimwe nzira kuburikidza nekuiswa kwezvimwe zvikwata zvakagadziridzwa kuwedzera kuenzana kwehuwandu kune index. (Mazano angu aizotanga kutanga nekufungisisa maindasitiri akave akabudisa zvakakwirira kudarika mararamiro ekudzoka kwenguva refu . Pane chikonzero ivo vanobereka yakakwirira-kupfuura-inodzokorora kudzokera pamusoro.)
Asi imwezve kukanganiswa kwekutsvaga mari yekutsvaga mari inoshandiswa nehuwandu hwevanhu. Pasinei nekurumbidzwa kwangu kwavari mune mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu, uye chisarudzo changu chekuvashandisa mune zvangu zvitsva zvitsvene, izvo zvakagadzirirwa semunhu anopa ruzivo rwekudzivirira kuchengetedza zvimwe zvarondedzero, kuvimbika kwepfungwa kunokosha kunoda kuti ndibvume kuti index yehurumende inoratidzirwa nehupenyu hwavo chaiwo . Izvo zviripo kuburikidza nekubvisa kukosha kubva kune vashandi vanogara vachigadzirisa mutengo kuburikidza nekutenga-uye-kutengesa maitiro. Ne piggybacking pamusoro pavo, kunyora mari inonyatsobudirira kuwana rusununguko rwokusununguka, kupa zvishoma kubasa rinodikanwa rekutsvaga mabhizimusi uye mari yekubudisa mari inobatsira. Izvo zvakangofanana nemuchenjeri wechidiki achifunga kuti angangonyengedza sei soda mishoni kuti awane pachena Coca-Cola. Mumwe munhu, pane imwe nzvimbo, ari kuribhadharira mutengo sezvaanozvirumbidza pamusoro pekunwa kwake kunodhura. Pandinenge ndichivashandisa kuti ndive nheyo dzenheyo, ndiri kuwana mukana usina kunaka. Paunenge uchishandisa mumakosheni ako ekurega, iwe uri kuwana mukana usina kunaka. Chero bedzi sediki kadiki yehuwandu hwevanhu vanozviita, zvakanaka. Zvinosuruvarisa, kana vanhu vakakwana vakambotanga kuratidzira sekutsvaga kwekutsvaga, inogona kukonzera mvumo yemakethe yematokisi, kunyanya zviduku zviduku mumutsananguro, kubva pamutengo mutengo wemushamba wekusununguka unogona kuiswa. Izvi zvingava zvakaipa kwete chete kumasangano asi kune varairi venguva refu.
Ndeipi iyo pfungwa? Hapana anoziva chaizvo. Sezvandambotaura kare, tava kusvika kumucheto umo $ 1 kubva pamadhora ose emazana mashanu inotengeswa muAmerica ekutengesa misika inowanikwa mumari yekuenzanisira. Izvozvo zvingave zvisingafungi kwete kare kare. Haisi chimwe chinhu chichaguma zvakanaka kana ichienderera mberi. Zvinogona kutora makore, kunyange makumi emakore, kutamba kunze asi haisi chinhu chakanaka. Zvinotyisa ndezvokuti, kudzivirirwa kwakanakisisa ndiko kuziva zvauri iwe pachako, izvo zvakagadziriswa zvekunyorera mari yako, uye kuti vanokoshesa sei zvichienderana nekukosha kwemukati asi kana iwe ukagona kuita izvozvo, iwe haungave iwe purojeti yekodzero yekutanga.
Zvimwe zveZvino Ndiri Kushandura Kutaura Zvisingatauri Nezve Index Index
Chimwe chezvinetso zvandinotarisana nacho mukunyora nezvekuenzanisa mari ndezvekusimbirira kwandinoona nezvekuvimbika - kukuudza kuti ndinonzwa sei pamusoro pehurukuro - uye kushushikana kwangu kuti vateereri vasiri kuteerera vateereri. Kune varombo uye vasina ruzivo, mari yekuenzanisira ndeye Mwarisend, iyo inobatsira iyo inowanikwa zvipingamupinyi munguva dzakawanda. Ndicho chimwe chezvikonzero zvandinotaura pamusoro pavo kakawanda uye ndinovarumbidza zvakasununguka. Chinhu chekupedzisira chandinoda ndomumwe munhu nenzira imwe neimwe kusanangurira zvinyorwa zvangu pamusoro pehurukuro uye edza kudyara mumatokisi ega ega nemapatoti awo maduku, asina ruzivo rwezvavari kuita kana ruzivo rwekudzidza. Zvinhu zvakadai sezvipfeko zvakanyanyisa zvakaparadzwa muGT Advanced Technologies kufungidzira zvinotyisa kwandiri uye ndinoda kurega vanhu vakawanda sezvinobvira marwadzo ekuenda mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro. Kana iwe usingakwanisi kuverenga bhazha rebhaariro kana kuongorora chirevo chekuwana , iyo nhamba inogona kuva shamwari yako.
Uyezve, mari yekuenzanisira yakatora mamiriro ezvinhu echitendero mune dzimwe nharaunda dzevanhu. Ndakataurira kwavari semhando yechitendero chenyika; rudzi rwekunyanya-nguva iyo mhinduro yakaenzana nemunhu anotyaira motokari mugungwa nokuti kufamba kwemhepo kwakamuudza kuti arambe achifambisa zvakananga. Ndakashandisa mufananidzo wakafananidzwa asi ivo vanotora mhinduro kune avo vasina mari yakawanda voedza kuidzikisa, izvo zvisingakwanisi kuita chero kupfuura iwe unogona kushandisa ruzivo kuvaka chinyorwa gorozi kuvaka chikwata. Hazvina maturo asi ivo vachasangana nesimba uye simba remuparidzi wemoto-uye-brimstone, vachipomera munhu chero upi zvake kana chero chii chinopindura mibvunzo yavo.
Kazhinji, izvi zvinokanganisa vatsoropodzi avo vakawana kurasikirwa kwemahomwe ematokari uye, saimboimbova doro rinoshungurudzwa nemafungiro evanhu vose vanonwa, vanodzokorora. Kunze kubva kumurume kana mudzimai anonzwisisa anotaura, "Ndinobvuma kukanganisa uye njodzi dzekuisa mari yekuisa mari uye kufunga kuti vachiri ivo vakakodzera kugadzikana pasinei nematambudziko aya" - nzira yakakwana uye inonzwisisika yekuzvibata mumatambudziko akawanda - vanofunga iyo index mari ndeye mhinduro kumatambudziko ehupenyu hwose, vachitarisa mari yekuregererwa kwezvose, kusanganisira kukosha. Haisi ngozi, kupa mimwe mienzaniso, mabhiriyoniyoni akawanda saka vanoshandisa zvikoro zveNorthern Trust nokuda kwebhengi ravo uye kuvimba kwehupfumi mari yevanoda. Iko mari yavanobhadhara inogona kuva inofadza-yekutengeserana-muzviitiko zvakawanda. Saka zvakadini kana vakanyora pasi pamusika nemashoko mashomanana pagore kusvika kumagumo ekutarisira kwavo hupenyu asi vanochera maitiro avo emitengo yemitero nemamiriyoni pamamiriyoni emadhora nekuda kwekugadzirisa zvirongwa uye maitiro ekugadzirisa mararamiro? Iwe unofunga kuti vapfumi vakawana nenzira iyo nokuva benzi? Ndaimboona mumwe munhu achitsigira paIndaneti kuti lottery anowanikwa anofanirwa kutenga mari makumi emamiriyoni emadhora mumadhora emari! Ndizvo zvinoparadzanisa zvakapararira pakati pemushambadzi wepakati nepakati uye 1% ndeye. Iwe unenge usingadi kumbokwanisa kunzwa munhu akapfuma zvechokwadi kana mutsigiri wemhuri yakadaro idiotic policy.
Nzira yechitendero yechitendero ndiyo yakarurama nokuti vanhu ava vari kunamata zvidhori. Vanonamata chimiro chechinhu icho pamusoro pezvinhu zvayo. Havanzwisisi musiyano pakati pematengesi ekutengesa, kuongororwa, uye kugadziriswa kutenga. Vanoti zvinhu zvisingabatsiri zvakadai sekuti, "Handisi kuisa mumunhu mumwechete" apo, pakupedzisira, vose vanoenzanisa index index fund vanonyatsokwana maoko. Zvose zvinokosha ndezvokuti 1.) izvo zvinotakura iwe pachako, 2.) kuti matanda aya anosarudzwa sei, 3.) kuyerwa kunopiwa kune matanda aya, 4.) mari inoshandiswa pamabasa kana zvipo zvakagamuchirwa, uye 5.) kutengesa mutero. Zvichida iwe unogona kuzviwana kuburikidza nechikwata chekutsvaga, zvichida iwe haugone. Pachine pfupa mahofisi mapurisa anozove ari sarudzo yakanaka yevanhu vazhinji vanobudirira.
Pfungwa dzekupedzisira Nekutsvaga mu Index Funds
Izvozvo zvinotisiya kupi? Mhedziso yangu yakarurama zvakananga uye, pangozi yekudzokorora ini muchikamu, ndichagovana navo:
- Kana chikoro chako chakanaka, uye iwe hauna chiziviso chauri kuita, fungiriro mari ingangove yakanakisisa yekutengesa. Vakanaka zvakakwana pane zvamunoda uye vachakuponesa kubva pane zvakawanda zvezvikanganiso.
- Kana mari yako ikabatwa mukutapwa mune 401 (k) chirongwa chebasa uye iwe unofanirwa kuita sarudzo dzinosarudzwa, mari inodhura yemari inowanikwa nguva dzose inenge iri pakati pezvisarudzo zvakanakisisa zvaunenge uine. Kunyatsofunga nezvekuisa mari mukati mavo pamusoro pezvimwe nzira kana, kana zvishoma, zvichivaita chikamu chikuru chenyaya yako.
- Kana iwe uine hupfumi kana kuti mumatare akakwirira, zvakakwana kuti uwane hupfumi hwakawanda nemari yako, shandisa zvimwe zvekugadzirira uye mitero yemitero, uye uve nemari yakawanda kunze kwematero emitero, iwe uri bonkers kana iwe uchinge uine mari muhurumende, index fund. Pane kudaro, kana iwe uchida kushandisa nzira yekucherechedza, ita chikwata chekuchengetedza iwe pachako iwe pachako kana kubhadhara mumwe akafanana neGoldman Sachs zvishoma zvisina zvazvinobatsira zvezvikonzero zvekuwedzera kuti zviitwe iwe. Pane zvinhu zvishomanana michero kupfuura mumwe munhu ane mamiriyoni emadhora akagara pamutero wemari inotengeswa apo inoshamisa inoshamisa pane imwe nhoroondo yega yega yakawanikwa.
Mune mamwe mazwi, tora mari yehurukuro yezvavari: chimbo chinoshamisa chingakwanisa kukuchengetedza mari yakawanda uye kukubatsira kuwana nheyo yakanaka pasi pako. Kana uchinge uine hupfumi zvakakwana kuti uwane mari chaiye shure kwako, funga kufambisa chimiro chakakonzerwa zvachose uye uine zvikamu zvepasi. Kupfuura izvozvo, kuratidza mari haisi shamwari kana vavengi, zvakanaka kana zvakaipa. Icho chinhu. Hapana chimwezve, zvishoma. Vashandise kana zvinokufananidza iwe uye kune zvakakunakira, vadzivise kana vasingakwanisi uye vasina. Usava nemanzwiro akashamwaridzana navo kana kuti kunyengedzwa nenhema yokuti mune chimwe chinhu chinokanganisa pamusoro pehutano hwavo chinoita kuti zviwedzere kune zvose zviri muzvinhu zvose.
Kana iwe uchinge uine mari yekuenzanisa nemari, ndinenge ndichikuudza zvinyoronyoro kuti uone kuti mari inoshandiswa inoshandiswa mumadhora mashoma emari yemari, kusanganisira iyo yose-inotengeswa uye mumakambani akabudirira munyika, kudzorera zvikamu zvako , kusazvidza kuchinja kwemusika, uye kuramba uri mudzidzi . Regai nguva iite kukuremedza kwakakura uye, kana iwe une nguva yakareba yakakwana uye yakanaka yakawanda, kurasikirwa kunofanirwa kuve kwakanyanyisa kudarika zvingave zvaive. Kune zvinhu zvakawanda zvakanyanya kuwanda zvaungaita.
Kuti uverenge zvakawanda pamusoro pekuenzanisa mari uye kuti ndinonzwa sei pamusoro pavo, ona:
Kuisa muIn Index Funds Kwava Pedyo Nguva dzose Kusarudza Zvakanaka kune vasina ruzivo
3 Zvikonzero Zvimwe Zvikuru Zvinoshandiswa Kwevatengesi Hazvitengi Index Index
Kana zvisina kudaro, ndinokumbira iwe urombo hwakanaka uye tarisiro iwe unozvisarudzira iwe pachako. Kana iwe uchindikanganwira ini, ndichaenda kundongwarira ini nokuda kwekuparadzisa kusingadzivisiki kwemashoko evenga ini ndakataura kuti zviri kuuya kuuya nenzira yangu. Kwemakore gumi apfuura nehafu, pose pandinonyora pamusoro pezvakabatsiri zvemari yekuenzanisira, kana kuratidza zvimwe zvekutsvakurudza kwevachangobva kuitika pamusoro pavo, kana icho chinyorwa chisina kukwana zvakakwana nekurumbidzwa, pane zvishoma zvevadzidzi vanozove pachena utsinye mune imwe nzira ini handina kumboona kubva shure kumuswe wetsvina wekasi-com nguva apo ndaive nevanhu vachidanidzira kwandiri nekuratidza kuti havafaniri kutenga Coca-Cola pamari yekuwana 50x. Ndizvozvo. Ndinonzwisisa zvakakwana. Vamwe vanhu vane shungu dzokurwisa chero munhu anovaudza chimwe chinhu chavasingadi kunzwa. Ini ndichatora nokuti ini ndine hanya newe nemhuri yako. Ndizvo zvakare. Tarisa mukati maro uye nokukurumidza kana gare gare, iwe uchasvika pamhedziso imwechete. Ichokwadi hachisi kukonzera kukakavadzana uye humwe uchapupu hwezvakaitika hunoshamisa kwazvo.