401k Urongwa hweHurongwa hweVatangi

by Joshua Kennon

Tanga Kutarisira Ramangwana Rako

Munhu wese anoziva nguva yakakosha yemari anoziva kuti kunyange zvishoma, kana yakawedzerwa kwenguva refu, zvinogona kuguma nezviuru, kana kunyange mamiriyoni, emadhora mune humwe hupfumi . Ichi chinyorwa chimwe chezvimwe zvikonzero nei vazhinji varonga zvemari vanorayira kubhadhara mari nekodzero dzakadai semasikirwo / Roth IRA uye zvisungo zvemasuo. Munguva yakapfuura, zvisarudzo izvi zvakanga zvisina kukosha nekuda kwekupararira kwezvinorondedzerwa-kubhadhara zvirongwa zvepensheni.

Mazuva ano, mari iyo yekare-yenyika inofamba nenzira inoenda kumakambani akawanda eUnited States; pane kudaro, vazhinji vemazuva ano vashandi vanogona kuwana mari yavo yekurega basa vachibhadharwa nemari yekuwana yavo 401k yekurasikirwa.

Chii Chinonzi Urongwa Hwokurasikirwa?

Chirongwa che 401k rekuchera mari chikamu chakakosha chekambani inobhadharwa kuburikidza nemutengo wekubhadhara mari usati watora. Mari iri munhoroondo inogona kuiswa muzvikwata zvakasiyana-siyana, zvibvumirano, mutengo wemari kana zvimwe zvinhu, uye hazvibhadharwi pane chero mari inowanikwa , zvikamu , kana chido kusvikira vadzorerwa. Iyi motokari yekuchengetedza basa yakasikwa neCongress muna 1981 uye inowana zita rayo kubva muchikamu cheInternal Revenue Code chinorondedzera iyo; iwe unofungidzira iyo - chikamu 401k.

Ndezvipi zvinobatsiro zveurongwa hwekushandira kwemakore 401k?

Kune zvipi zvishanu zvinokosha zvinoita kuti kuve nekudyara kuburikidza neurongwa hwekusarura 401k kunyanya kukoshesa. Vari:

Mutero unoshandiswa
Mushandi wemapurogiramu mapeji

Investment customization uye kugadzirisa
Kusarudzwa
Mhindu uye zvinetso zvinorega

Mutero Wakabhadhara we 401k Retirement Plans

Sezvakabatwa muhurukuro, ruzivo rwakakosha rweurongwa hwekusarura 401k ndiyo inofanirwa kubhadhara mitero inogamuchirwa kubva kuna Amai Sam. Kugovana, chido, uye mari inowanikwa muzvikwereti hazvibhadharwi kusvikira vadzorerwa; panguva ino, vanogona kubatanidza mitero-yakasvibiswa mukati memabhuku.

Muzvakaitika mushandi wechidiki ane makore matatu kana makumi mana mberi kwavo, izvi zvinogona kureva zvinogona kureva kusiyana pakati pekugara paPaza Hotel kana Bhijitori 8.

Mushandirapamwe wevashandirwi 401k Retirement Plans

Vashandirwi vazhinji , mukuedza kukwezva nekuchengetedza tarenda, vauye kuenzanisa imwe chikamu chemupiro wevashandi. Maererano neBluebucks 'Total Pay Package' bhurocha, somuenzaniso, kambani ichafananidza nezana yezana rokutanga roga rokubhadhara mushandi anobatsira kune 401 (k) chirongwa chekurega basa . Vashandi vekambani kwemwedzi inopfuura 36 vanowana mazana 25 muzana; Mwedzi 36 kusvika kumakumi matanhatu inogamuchira 50% inosangana; Mwedzi 60 kusvika 120 inogamuchira 75 muzana ichienzanisa; 120 kana mwedzi yakawanda inogamuchira 150 muzana kufanana.

Nemamwe mazwi, mushandi ari kushanda kune guru rekhofi kwemakore anopfuura gumi achiwana $ 100,000 iyo yakapa $ 4,000 kusvika kune 401 (k) inogamuchira $ 6,000 mari yacho mubhuku iri zvakananga kubva kune kambani (150 muzana inosangana ne $ 4,000 mupiro). akaiswa pamusoro pe4% muchengeti haazogamuchirwi.

Kunyange kana uine chikwereti chekwereti chekwereti chikwereti, zvinonakidza, munenge mamiriro ezvinhu ose, kupa mari yakawanda iyo kambani yako inofanirana!

Chikonzero chacho chiri nyore masvomhu: Kana uri kubhadhara 20 muzana pane kadhi rechikwereti uye kambani yako iri kuenderana newe dollar-ye-dollar (100 muzana inodzoka), iwe uchazoguma uri murombo nekubhadhara chikwereti . Chinhu mumari inobhadhara mitero inokonzerwa ne 401 (k) hurongwa, uye kupesana kunowedzera. Kuti uwane mamwe mashoko pamusoro pehurukuro iyi, ndinokukurudzira kuti uverenge basa ra Suze Orman.

Kunyange zvazvo nyaya yacho ichakurukurwa nemamwe mashoko gare gare munyaya ino, zivai kuti mushandi anoenzanisa zvipo kusvika kusvika 6 kubva muzana yehutori hwebasa risati rasvika hauna kuiswa mumuganhu wegore negore. Somuenzaniso, kana iwe uchikwanisa, iwe unogona kupa mamiriyoni 401k ye $ 16,500 muna 2009 uye wekushandira yako achiri kuenzana nekutanga 6 muzana yemutengo wako; iyo inofananidzwa yaizoiswa pamusoro uye kudarika $ 16,500 yawakapa nayo zvakananga.

Investment Customization uye Flexibility

401k zvirongwa zvekurega basa zvinopa vashandi mhando yezvisarudzo pamusoro pekuti mari yavo inowanikwa sei. Munhu anoziva kuti haaine ukama hwakanyanya kune njodzi anogona kusarudza mari yepamusoro ekugoverwa kwemari muzvikwereti zvisingabatsiri zvakadai sezvisungo zvenguva pfupi ; Saizvozvowo, wechidiki ane ruzivo mukuvaka pfuma yepfuma kwenguva yakareba angasimbisa zvakanyanya kuhutano. Mabhizimisi akawanda anobvumira vashandi kuwana kambani yekambani yehurongwa hwavo hwekuregererwa kwemakore 401k panguva yakaderera asi vauri vemazano vezvemari vanokurudzira kuti vasabatanidze chikamu chikuru che 401k yako mune zvikamu zveunoshandira kunze kweEnron neWorldcom . Iwe unogona kuwana ruzivo rwakawanda nekuverenga Kuisa muVashandi Wako VeSvondo - Zvakanaka Mazano kana Njodzi Dzingamirira Kuitika? .

Chimwe chezvikomborero zveurongwa hwekuchera 401k ndeyekuti inogona kutevera mushandi mubasa rake rose. Pakuchinja vashandi, mutengi ane zvingasarudzwa zvina:

1.) Kusiya zvaainazvo mumushandi wekare wekushanda kwemakore 401k
Vakawanda 401k vatungamiri vezvirongwa vanochengetedza kuchengetwa kwekodhe uye mamwe mari ekutarisira account yako, pasinei nokuti iwe uchiri nekambani. Iyi mitero inogona kutora kukura kwakanyanya kubva mumutero wako weramangwana unokosha , kunyanya kana iwe uine nhoroondo dzakachengetedzwa kune vakasiyana-siyana vashandi.

2.) Pedzisa rollover ye 401k kune chirongwa chekashandiswa 401k
Kunyanya kutaura, sarudzo iyi inongowanikwa chete kana mushandi ane rimwe basa risati rabuda asati asasiya vashandi vayo. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, IRA rollover inogona kuva yakanakisisa sarudzo sezvo iri nyore. Iwe unoziva sei kana chiri chisarudzo chakanaka? Ichisarudzo chinofanira kunyanya kugadzirwa kuburikidza nekusarudzwa kwekutsvaga kwechirongwa che 401k chitsva. Kana iwe usingagutsikane nezvisarudzo zvaunowana kwauri, kupedza 401k rollover kune IRA inogona kuva yakanakisisa sarudzo.

3.) Ita rollover ye 401k uye uendese zvinhu kuIvidual Retirement Account ( IRA )
Kuzadza rollover 401k inenge nguva dzose isarudzo yakanakisisa yevaya vanofarira kugovera basa rekugara zvakanaka pamusana pekuti inobvumira mutengesi wemari kuti aenderere kuwedzera kukanganisa kwemitero paanenge achipa simba guru pamusoro pekugoverwa kwemari (kureva, iwe hausi wekutsvaga mari neyo urongwa hwe 401k.) Ndiyo inoshanda sei: Kugoverwa kwema 401k yezvigadziro zvezvinhu zvinorayirwa (izvi zvinotaurwa pamusoro peFomu yeRSS 1099-R.) Kana imwe nguva iyo inogamuchirwa nevashandi, inofanira kugoverwa mu urongwa hutsva hwokurega basa mukati mezuva makumi matanhatu; iyi dhipatimendi inoratidzwa muFomu IRS 5498.

Hurumende inopedza 401k rollovers kamwe kamwe mwedzi gumi nezviviri.

4.) Mari yekubhadhara mari, kubhadhara mitero uye 10% yemhosva yemhosva
Kunze kwekukundikana kushandisa purogiramu yemupiro wemupiro wemupiro, kutenga mari inenge 401k paunenge uchisiya mabasa ndeye chisarudzo chisina maturo munhu anoshanda anogona kuita.

Maererano nehurukuro yakabudiswa ne 401K Help Center, tsvakurudzo inoratidza "vazhinji vanokwana 66 kubva muzana veGeneration X vanochinja basa vanobhadhara pavanosiya mabasa, uye 78 muzana yevashandi vane makore 20-29 vanotora mari." Nhamo iyi yakakura kudarika mitero uye mutero wechirango chete; Zvechokwadi, kurasikirwa kukuru kwezvemari kunobva kumakumi emakore emitero-yakagadziriswa yakawandisa iyo iyo ingadai yawana mari iyo mumiriri wekambani akasarudzwa kuti atange rollover 401k.

Chinangwa cherongwa hwako hwekuregererwa 401k nderokupa makore ako endarama. Pane dzimwe nguva, zvisinei, apo iwe unoda mari uye hapana zvingasarudzwa zvinoshandiswa kunze kwekushandisa dendere rako mazai. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, hurumende inobvumira vatungamiri vezano kurongedza 401k zvikwereti kune vatori vechikamu (zivai kuti hurumende haifaniri izvi uye saka haisi nguva dzose.)

Imwe nyanzvi yekubhadhara chikwereti 401k ndeyokuti mari yacho haisi pasi pemitero kana chegumi-muzana chikwereti chemari kunze kwekuti kana zvichiitika.

Hurumende haina kuisa mitemo kana zvipingamupinyi pamashandisirwo emari chikwereti 401k . Vashandi vakawanda, zvisinei, vanoita; izvi zvinogona kusanganisira zvikwereti zvishoma zvemari (kazhinji $ 1 000) uye nhamba yezvikwereti zvinoshamisa panguva ipi zvayo kuitira kuti kuderedze mari yekushandisa mari. Uyezve, vamwe vashandi vanoda kuti vashandi vakaroorana vabvumirane nemumwe wavo vasati vabhadhara chikwereti, dzidziso yokuti vose vanobatwa nechisarudzo.

401k Chikwereti Zvikwereti

Muzviitiko zvakawanda, mushandi anokwanisa kukwereta kusvika makumi mashanu-muzana yeakavha yakavharwa kusvika kusvika pamadhora mazana mashanu. Kana mushandi wacho atora chikwereti cha 401k mumwedzi gumi nemaviri akapfuura, vangangokwereta chikamu makumi mashanu kubva muzana yekambani yavo yakachengetedzwa kusvika pa $ 50,000, pasi pebhadharo yakatarwa pachikwereti chakapfuura. Mari inokwana 401k inofanira kubhadharwa pamusoro pemakore mashanu akatevera kunze kwekutengesa kumusha, iyo inokodzero yekutora nguva yakareba.

401k Kutenga Mari Inoshandiswa

Kunyange iwe uri kukwereta kubva kwauri, iwe unotofanira kubhadhara mubereko ! Zvose zvirongwa zvinogadzirisa chiyero chechido chekuda pane chekutanga pamwe nechimwe chikamu chimwechete kana zviviri. Kubatsira kuri maviri: 1.) Kusiyana nemari inokweretwa kubhangi, iwe uchazopedzisira wadzorera mari iyi nenzira yekubhadhara zvakakodzera kana kuti pedyo nekurasikirwa, uye 2.) kufarira iwe unobhadhara mu 401k chirongwa chako -sheltered.

Zvinyorwa zveMarikiti 401k

Dambudziko guru rekutora chikwereti cha 401k ndechekuti richavhiringidza dhora rinodhura kusarudzira. Izvi zvinogona kukonzera zvakaderera zvigumisiro kwenguva refu. Chimwe chikonzero ndechekugadzikana kwebasa; kana mushandi achirega kana kupera, chikwereti cha 401k chinofanira kubhadharwa zvakakwana, kazhinji mukati memazuva makumi matanhatu. Izvo chirongwa chekubatana chikakundikana kusangana nenguva yekupedzisira, kutadza kunenge kuchiziviswa uye chirango-mari uye mitero inongororwa.

401k Matambudziko Kusunungurwa

Zvakadini kana mushandirwi wako asingakwanisi kupa chikwereti 401k kana iwe hauna kukodzera? Izvo zvingave zvichiri kuitika kuti iwe uwane mari kana zviitiko zvina zvinotevera zvichisangana (cherechedza kuti hurumende haidi kuti vashandi vape 401k dambudziko rinorega kubvisa, saka unofanira kutarisa ne plan plan administrator):

Kuregererwa kunokonzerwa nekuda kwekukurumidza uye yakaoma mari yezvinodiwa
Kuregererwa kwakakosha kugutsa chido ichocho (kureva, iwe haugone kuwana mari kune imwe nzvimbo)
Nhamba yemari yacho haina kudarika chiyero chekudiwa
Watove wakagamuchira zvikwereti zvose zvinoparadzirwa kana zvisingabhadharwi zviripo pasi peurongwa hwako hwekuita 401k

Kana izvi zvikaitika, mari yacho inogona kubviswa uye inoshandiswa kune chimwe chezvinangwa zvishanu zvinotevera:

Imba yekutanga yekutenga
Dzidzo yepamusoro , chikwata uye bhadha nemari yemwedzi gumi nembiri inotevera iwe, wako, vateereri vako kana vana (kunyange kana vasisiri ivo vanovimba newe)
Kuchengetedza kubviswa kubva kumba kwako kana kufambisa panzvimbo yako yekugara
Dambudziko rakaoma zvemari
Mitero-inodhura mari yezvokurapa iyo isina kubhadharwa iwe, wako wako kana vatsigiri vako

Zvose zvinokwana 401k zvinetso zvinotora zvinokonzerwa nemitero uye chegumi-yezana chirango. Izvi zvinoreva kuti kubhadharwa kwema $ 10 000 kunogona kuguma kwete chete mari shoma shoma muhomwe yako (zvichida seasingadhiri madhora 6 500 kana $ 7 500), asi inokuita kuti urege zvachose kuwedzera kwekutereta kunogona kuve kwakagadzirwa nezvinhu izvozvo. 401k dambudziko rekuregererwa kwekugadzirisa mari haigoni kudzorerwa ku-akhawunti kana kubhadhara kwaitwa.

Kwete-Matambudziko Emari 401k Kubhadhara

Kunyange zvazvo mutengesi aifanira kuramba achibhadhara mitero pane kusava nemari kunetseka kutora, chegumi-muzana chikamu chemhosva inodzingwa. Kune nzira shanu dzekufanirwa:

Iwe unove wakagadzikana zvachose uye zvachose
Zvikwereti zvako zvezvechipatara zvinopfuura 7.5 muzana yemari yako yakashandurwa yakawanda
Dare redzimhosva rakakuraira kuti upe mari kumurume wako akarambana, mwana, kana kuti anovimba naye
Iwe unogadziriswa zvachose, unogumisa, kurega, kana kuti kubvisa pamba mugore irorochete iwe unosvika 55 kana kuti gare gare
Iwe unogadziriswa zvachose, unogumisa, unorega, kana ukabvisa pamba uye wakagadzira purogiramu yekubhadhara yekutora nguva dzose mumari yakaenzana yezvimwe zvehupenyu hwako hunotarisirwa. Kana imwe nguva yekutanga kubviswa , mubhadhari anodiwa kuti arambe achivatora kwemakore mashanu kana kusvikira asvika pamakore 59 1/2 , chero ipi zvayo yakareba.

A 401k dambudziko rekuregererwa kunofanira kuva yekupedzisira. IRA , somuenzaniso, ine mukana wekuregererwa kwehupenyu hwe $ 10 000 nokuda kweimba isina michina yakabatanidzwa.

Ndeipi iyo mikuru yemiganhu yemugove pane compte yako 401k? Mhinduro yacho inobva pane chirongwa chako, mubhadharo wako, nemitemo yehurumende. Muchidimbu, mupiro wako wemugove ndiyo yepamusoro yehuwandu hwemari yako inobvumirwa nomubhadhari sehuwandu hwemari (semuenzaniso, kana wako waanoshandira akakubvumira kupa 4% yemutero wako uye iwe unowana mari isati yabhadhara $ 20,000, yako yakawanda mupiro wemadhora $ 800) , kana hurumende inotungamirira:

401k Maximum Contribution Limits
2004: $ 13,000
2005: $ 14,000
2006: $ 15,000
2007: $ 15,500
2008: $ 15,500
2009: $ 16,500
2010: $ 16,500 pamwe nehuwandu hwekuwedzera (mune $ $ increments)

Kamwe chete gore ra2012 rave rasvika, muwandu wepamusoro wepamupiro wemiganhu uchawedzerwa zvichienderana nekushandurwa mumutengo wekurarama (link url = http: //beginnersinvest.about.com/od/inflationrate/a/inflation.htm] kutengesa) in increments ye $ 500.

Tora Mipiro

Kana iwe uri makore makumi mashanu kana apfuura uye waunoshandira anopa mupiro we "catch-up" we 401k yako, iwe unokodzera kupa mari yakawedzera kusvika kumiganhu yakawanda yemipiro sezvinotevera:

401k Maximum Catch-Up Contribution Limits
2004: $ 3,000
2005: $ 4,000
2006: $ 5,000
2007: $ 5,000
2008: $ 5,000
2009: $ 5,500
2010: $ 5,500 pamwe nehuwandu hwekutsvaga (mumadhora mazana mashanu)

Kana kamwe gore ra2012 rave rasvika, muwandu wepamusoro wepamupiro wemiganhu uchawedzerwa zvichienderana nekushandurwa mune mari yekurarama ( inflation ) mumadhora mazana mashanu.

Chiyeuchidzo Pamushandi Wekufananidza Anobatanidza uye 401k Mipiro Yezvipo

Kamwe zvakare, mushandirwo anoenzanisa zvipo kusvika kumatanhatu-muzana emubhadharo wevashandi vasati vabhadharwa havabatanidzwi mupiro. Semuenzaniso, kana iwe uchikwanisa, iwe unogona kupa mamiriyoni 401k ye $ 16,500 muna 2009 uye wekushandira wako achiri kuenzanisa nhanhatu yekutanga-muzana yemari yako; iyo inofananidzwa yaizoiswa pamusoro uye kudarika $ 16,500 yawakapa nayo zvakananga.