Mhando dzakasiyana dzemabhengi ekuchengetedza, anowanzodanwa maitiro , kuchengetedza kuchengetedzwa kwevanhu kana makambani. Aya masangano haabatanidzi muzvinyorwa zvekutengesa kana zvekutengesa; vanoisa pfungwa pamusoro pokungochengeta zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana kuchengetedza.
Izvi zvinosanganisira mashizha, zvinhu, zvisungo, mari, uye zvigadzirwa zvemidziyo.
Aya marudzi emakambani anofambisawo mamwe marudzi ekutengeserana, akadai sekushandura kune dzimwe nyika, kuronga zvigaro zvekuchengetedza kana kushamba kwemari kana kutengesa, uye kutungamirira zviito zvakasiyana zvakabatana nezvisungo, zvakadai sekugoverana kwezvikwata, kusungirwa kwebato, kugoverwa kwezvikamu, uye kushamwaridzana kwebhizimisi.
Mutungamiri weChito
Kana munhu anogara muUnited States ane zvigumisiro, asi haasi nhengo yekutengeserana kwemashamba, vane zvivimbiso kuburikidza neketani yekuregeresa zvinowanzobatanidza imwe kana dzimwe nguva mamwe makadhi. Iyo nzira inoshanda nenzira iyi nokuti zvingave zvisingabatsiri kunyoresa kutengesa zvikamu kana zvimwe zvivako muzita reumwe neumwe weiri. Pane kudaro, muchengeti wacho anyoresa semubati wekuchengeteka, uye anozvichengeta muurongwa hwekuchengetedzwa kwebasa kune vadzidzisi chaiwo. Munhu akatenga pfuma nguva dzose anoramba ari mutemo wemutemo.
Kusarura Chekuchengetedzwa Kwemari uye Mari Yokuchengetedza
Kuchengetedza mari inogona kureva chimwe chezvikwereti zvemari zvakakweretwa nemunhu ane kodzero yekuchengetedza mari yakadai sedhipatimendi rebhanki rekuchengetedza kana mutengesi-mutengesi akanyorwa.
Chengetedza Mari
Kana iwe ukasimwa mune s stock , bond s, kutenga chikamu chekutengeserana mari , kana kuti zvimwe kuva muridzi wekuchengeteka, uyo anorayisa mutengesi anotora mari kubva kwekodha uye anopa munhu kana chikwata kubva kwaari wauri kuedza kuwana.
Kana ikangogamuchira kuchengeteka, inokuchengetera iwe. Kunze kwekukumbira chibvumirano chebasa, izvo zvisingawanzovi mazuva ano, kana kushivirira kushandiswa kwehurongwa hwekunyoresa zvakananga huchiitwa kuburikidza nechimwe chinhu chine hurongwa hwekutenga zvakakwana, varimi vanowanzo vane zvigwaro zvakachengetwa munyaya yekuchengetedzwa kwenyika yeimwe rudzi.
Muchengeti anochengetedza zvinhu zvakachengeteka, anounganidza chikamu chako uye chikwereti chekuda kwako, anokupa mutsara wegore negore kana wekota wekambani, anotonga chero zviito zvekushandira zvakadai sekugamuchira zvikamu zvekutsvaga kana kuita sarudzo yemari kana yezvikwata zvinoenderana nemirairo yako kutevera kubatana. Izvo zvinogadzirawo mamwe mabasa akawanda ekuchengetedza imba aizowedzera kukurumidza uye nokukurumidzira kusingagumi kana vatengi vakawanda vaifanira kutarisana nemabasa avo pachavo.
Mari yekuchengetedza
Izwi iri rave rakasununguka asi kazhinji, kunyange risingaiti nguva dzose, rinoreva kushanda, kunyanya nebhankoni yedhipatimendi, kushandiswa kuchengetedza panzvimbo yekwereti anoda kuchengetedza zvigwaro zvayo zvepanyama pamaoko ebhangi; kazhinji muzita rake panzvimbo pezita remugwagwa . Zita remugwagwa ndiro zita rebhangi, rekutengesa kana rekambani yekutengeserana inobata chikwereti kana zvimwe zvivigiro panzvimbo yemuridzi.
Bhengi re trust trust kana mutongi aizotora chikwereti chemashekiti kumubhadharisi asati asvika musi wekugadzirisa, muitiko apo mutengesi akaisa mutengesi wekutengesa, kana kuwedzerwa zvimwe zvivako zvakagamuchirwa kubva kunzvimbo dzakasununguka kusvika kuvharo, zvichiita kuti mutengesi akagamuchira chikamu chake chakanaka.
Apo chekuchengetedzwa kana yefa inowanikwa mukuchengetedza kuchengeteka, muzvikwereti kana mubhadhari anopiwa risiti inoratidza huve. Nhaka yacho haisi iyo inzvimbo yekambani, inongoramba ichitsigira, saka kunyange kana sangano rakapera, vashandi varo havana kukwanisa kuitevera uye zvivimbiso zvingadzoserwa kumwene wavo akakodzera.
Zvingani Zvose Zvese Zvinodhura?
Chikamu chinonyengera pamusoro pemari yekuchengetedza uye mari yekuchengetedza yakachengeteka haikwanise kuenzaniswa nguva dzose pamapurosi-ku-apula.
Zvose zvakasiyana zvakasiyana uye iwe unowana zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana kubva kumasangano akasiyana-siyana pane zvakasiyana-siyana.
Vazhinji vatengesi vanoisa zvinhu zvavo muchengeti wevatengesi vavo munyaya yekwereta ; chisarudzo chakanaka chakatarisirwa zvakasununguka zvokuti vanhu vazhinji havatombozivi kuti ivo vakasiyana nemabasa. Kunze kwekunge kurapwa kwakakumbirwa kunokumbirwa, idzi dzevimbiso dzichagara dzichiitwa mumugwagwa, iyo zvakare, zvinoreva muzita rekambani yezvekwereti.
Kubhadhara makambani kunoita izvi kukwezva sevatengi vakawanda sezvavanokwanisa mukutarisira kwekutengesa mutengesi wemari. Somugumisiro, fesheni dzakawanda dzinosungirirwa kuchengetedza zvikwereti zvachose kuitira kuti iwe usatomboziva kuti iwe uri kuripa nokuti inotungirwa mumakomisheni ekutengeserana kwekutengeserana.
Hazvishamisi kune dzimwe makambani ekubhadhara mari shoma, zvakadai se $ 100 pagore kana iwe usina mari yakadaro muakaunti yako; kana iwe usabatanidzi mumabasa chero ipi zvayo kwenguva yakareba kuti ubatsire kubvisa mari yekushandira iyo account.
Izvi hazvisi zvakaipa nguva dzose uye, chaizvoizvo, zvinogona kuva zvakanaka. Semuenzaniso, tarisa pane zvigaro-sekutengeserana nzvimbo yakadai seInteractive Brokers. Kana mutengi wekambani ane ine pasi pe $ 100,000 mune imwe nhoroondo uye anogadzira zvishoma kudarika $ 10 mumabhizimisi emabhizimisi pamwedzi, mari yekugadzirisa yekusarura inoshandiswa kuitira kuti imwe neimwe yebhadha ipe mari inenge madhora 120 pagore, iyo inobatanidza Interactive Brokers ' kusanganisira kuchengetedza mari.
Izvi zvinodikanwa nokuti Interactive Brokers inotarisa pane zvakakura, zvakakosha nevashambadzi vanoda mari yekuwanda. Vatengesi vanobvumirwa kusarudza pakati peiyo yakasarudzwa purogiramu yemari uye purogiramu yekubhadhara mari. Pane purogiramu yakasungirirwa, nenzira yekufananidza, iyo komisheni iri $ 0.0035 muchikamu chimwe chezvikwata zveUnited States zvine huwandu huwandu hwehutengo hwe 0.5 kubva muzana yekutengeserana kwezvinhu.
An Example
Kana iwe wakatenga chikamu chikamu cheThe Hershey Company saJune 3, 2016, pa $ 93.49 chikamu chimwe nechimwe che $ 93 490, iwe unogona kubhadhara Interactive Brokers mutemo we $ 3.50, kana kuti 0.0037 muzana; pamwe chete nemamwe mazita ekutsinhanisa mari, kubhadhara mari, nezvimwe zvikwereti izvo zvakafanana zvishoma; kunyanya kukanganisa kukanganisa. Iwe unofanirwa kunge uine kambani yakakwana yakawanda kana kuti uite zvimwe zvekutengeserana mari kuti iite kuti uchengetedze zvinhu zvako muchitokisi pasina kukupa mhosva. Interactive Brokers haisi kusaruramisira, iri kuvhara mari dzayo nekubhadhara mari inobhadhara.
Kana iwe uchienda nenzira iyo Benjamin Graham akakurudzira mumutauro wake, The Intelligent Investor, unogona kuchengetedza zvikwereti zvako muchitokisi pamwe nebazi rebhankoni . Kunyatsobhadhara-off assets, mune mari, pasina mukana wekugumburwa kwezvikoro kunouya pedyo nezvinhu zvaunenge uine chikwata chako. Iwe unofanirwa kubhadhara zvishoma zvishoma zvichemo zvepamusoro gore negore rebasa rinotora kubhadhara kero yako inopfuura nhamba dzitanhatu.
Mhando dzakasiyana dzeAkaunti Inogona Kupa Mitero Yakakwirira Yokudzivirira
Kana uchitarisana nezvinhu zvisingaenzaniswi zvakadai sehedge fund inoshandiswa nehuwandu hwemabhadharo emakambani emakambani kana zvikwereti zvisingabatanidzi , zvikwereti zvekuchengetedza avo vanobvumirana kutarisana nezvikwereti izvi zvinowanzobhadhara mari yakakwirira, iyo inogona kusiyanasiyana kubva kuchikoro kusvika kuchikoro. Izvo zvinoenda kune rumwe rudzi rwemhando yeRoth IRA inotungamirirwa, iyo inotungamirirwa IRA, kana imwe chirongwa chekurega basa.
Izvi zvinogona kuita kuti vanhu vashandi vanove vachida kutenga zvinhu zvakadai sedzimba dzose dzekuvakira pasi pasi pekuchengetedzwa kwemitero yavo kuitira kuti vasabhadhara mutero pamari yekubhadhara, kana vakatevera mitemo yakaoma.
Izvi zvinokweretwa zvinogona kuenderera kune zviuru zvemadhora pagore asi zvinogona kuva zvakakosha, kune muiti wezvakanaka pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu akanaka sezvo zvingave zvisingaiti kuti iye asashandise urongwa uhwu hwepasitoreti hunoita kuti huve nemari yakawanda inoshandiswa . Iyi haisi nzvimbo umo vasina ruzivo vanofanira kutsika zvishoma.
Mhosva dzekuchengetedza muNyaya yakawanda yePodfolio yako
Kuchengetedza mari uye kuchengetedza mari yakachengeteka ndechimwe chezvinhu zvinoita kuti uwedzere mari yako , pamwe chete nemimwe mari yakadai sebhadhadziro rekubhadhara mari yekubhadhara , mari yemari yekugadzirisa mari, mari ye "kutarisa" pamashandisirwo ekutsinhanisa-kutengesa mari , uye mari pamwe chete , uye chero ipi zvayo zvinodhura iwe unotora muhutungamiri nekugadzirisa kwekutsvaga mari yako.
Zvichida uri kutarisana nezvinhu zvakakosha uye zvishandiso, nezvose-zvinosanganisira mari pane zvikwata zvepamusoro zvakakura kudarika $ 1 000 000 zvinopfuura 1,50 muzana, zvinosanganisira mari yekuchengetedza uye zvimwe zvose zvinotarisirwa uye nekufungidzira mamwe marudzi ekuenzanisa kwenyika yose.
Icho chinotarisa, zvose-zvinosanganisira mari, inokosha. Mamiriro ezvinhu aripo iyo iyo mari inoshandiswa nenzira iyo kubhadhara zvakasimba mazana 1,50 muzana kuongorororisa mari shoma nekuda kwenzira yavanobata nayo mari yakadaro uye makirasi easset kunze kwechikwata chinoda kutengesa chete 0,75 muzana. Iwe haugoni kubhadhara muchengeti wetikiti muga woga, iwe unofanira kunzwisisa zvose zvakaongororwa mari yepodfolio yako yose.
Imwe caveat ndeyekuvapo kwemamwe makambani anowedzera kune vanhu vakawanda. Mune dzimwe nguva zvisingawanzoitiki, unogona kuona mumwe munhu achibhadhara 2,5 kubva muzana mari inosvika $ 10,000,000 pamapforeti, iyo inonzwika isinganzwisisiki. Tarisa pedyo nokuti panove pane chimwe chinhu chiri kuitika icho chinonzwisisika mumamiriro ezvinhu sezvo izvozvo hazvirevi chete mari yekushandisa mari yekushandisa. Vashandi vane pfuma vanoita zvirongwa izvi vanoziva nguva yavanoita uye kukosha kwavari kuwana.
Iko Balance haisi kupa mutero, utsvaga, kana mari yemari uye mazano. Mashoko aya ari kuendeswa asina kufunga nezvezvinangwa zvekutsvaga, kubvumira kusangana nematambudziko kana mamiriro emari yemumwe muzvinabhizimisi chaiyo uye angave asina kukodzera kune varairi vese. Basa rekare harisi kuratidza migumisiro yemangwana. Kuisa mari kunosanganisira njodzi dzinosanganisira kurasikirwa kwatinoitwa mukuru.