Chirongwa chekutsvaga muzvikwereti kune vatsva
Chii Chibvumirano?
Chinhu chokutanga ndechekutanga: Chii chisungo? Sezvawakadzidza muzvikwereti 101 - Zvavari uye Basa Rakaita sei , musungo, muhutano hwavo hwekutanga, vanilla bhadha bond ndeye rudzi rwechikwereti. Mumwe mubhadhari anotora mari yake uye anopa chikwereti kumubhengi. Mukutsinhanisa, mubhadhari anowana mari inowanikwa mubereko kune chikwata chakafananirwa ( chikwata chechikwata ) uye panguva dzakagara dzatemwa (zuva rembiru). Bhandi ine zuva rokupera (zuva rekukura) panguva iyo iyo inonzi purogiramu yehutano inofanira kudzorerwa. Muzviitiko zvakawanda, nekunaka kwekunaka kuva humwe hutano hwehurumende dzeUnited States dzakachengetedzwa seS Series EE kuchengetwa zvisungo , chisungo chinorega kuvapo pakukura.
Mufananidzo wakajeka unogona kubatsira. Fungidzira Ikambani yeCoca-Cola yakakwereta $ 10 mabhiriyoni kubva kuvarimi vemari kuti vawane kambani huru yeti muAsia. Inotenda kuti mumusika unobvumira kuti iise chikwata chechikwata pa 2.5% nokuda kwekudiwa kwayo kwekukura, iyo makore gumi mune ramangwana.
Iyo inobatanidza kusungirwa kwega imwe neimwe pamari inokosha ye $ 1 000 uye inovimbisa kubhadhara chido chekufarira chidimbu-gore negore. Kuburikidza nebhengi rekutsvaga , rinosvika kune vashandi vanoisa mari muzvisungo. Muchiitiko ichi, Coke inoda kutengesa zvigaro zve 10,000 000 pa $ 1 000 mumwe nomumwe kuti awedzere mari yaanoda $ 10 000 000 000 asati abhadhara mari yaaizoita .
Mari imwe neimwe ye $ 1 000 ichagamuchira $ 25.00 pagore muchifarira. Sezvo chikwereti chekufarira chikaitika gore negore, chichauya se $ 12.50 pamwedzi mitanhatu. Kana zvose zvikafamba zvakanaka, pakupera kwemakore gumi, yekutanga $ 1,000 ichadzorerwa musi wekukura uye chisungo chichaguma. Kana, panguva ipi zvayo, mubhadharo wekufarira kana kukosha kwepamuviri pakunamata hakugamuchirwi nemurimairi panguva, bvumo inonzi inenge isiripo. Izvi zvinogona kukonzera marudzi ose emishonga kune vashandi vanoita zvibvumirano zvichienderana nekambani yepamutemo inodzora kusungirwa kwehutano. Iyi bvumirano yepamutemo inozivikanwa sechisungo chekusungwa. Zvinosuruvarisa, vatengesi vemabhizimisi dzimwe nguva vanoona kuti magwaro aya akaoma zvikuru kuuya, kusiyana nemashoko 10K kana gore negore regove rekushandisa . Muchengeti wako anofanira kunge akakwanisa kukubatsira iwe kutarisa pasi pasi mafirimu anodiwa kune chero humwe hutano hunoita kuti ucherechedze.
Ndezvipi Ndezvipi Zvimwe Zvikwereti Mubhadhari Anogona Kuwana?
Kunyange zvazvo zvinyorwa zvebasa chero ripi zvaro rinogona kusiyanisa zvakashata - pakupera kwezuva, bvumo inongova chibvumirano chakakonzerwa pakati pomubatsiri (uyo akwereta) uye mubhadhari (uyo anokweretesa) naizvozvo chero mutemo wavanokwanisa kubvumirana zvinogona kunge zvichinyorwa mukusungirwa kwechisungo - dzimwe tsika dzakawanda nemaitiro zvakabuda munguva.
- Changamire Hurumende Zvikwereti - Izvi ndizvo zvisungo zvinobudiswa nehurumende dzehurumende. MuUnited States, izvi zvaizova zvinhu zvakadai semabhiridha eUnited States, zvibvumirano, uye nhete, izvo zvinotsigirwa nekutenda kwakakwana uye chikwereti chenyika, kusanganisira simba rekuteresa kuitira kuti zvigadzirise zvisungo zvaro zvepamutemo zvinodiwa. Uyezve, hurumende dzehurumende dzinowanzotora mikana yakasiyana yezvisungo kunze kwezvavanotarisirwa kuita. Sangano rehurumende, izvo zvinobudiswa nemasangano ehurumende, kazhinji kuzadzisa gwaro rakasarudzwa uye pasinei nekufadzwa nekufungidzirwa kwakakwana kwekutsigirwa kubva hurumende pachayo, inowanzopa zvibereko zvakakwirira. Saizvozvowo, zvisungo zvekuchengetedza, izvo zvatakambokurukura, zvinogona kunyanya kufadza pasi pemamiriro akanaka; somuenzaniso, Nyaya I kuchengetedza zvikwereti kana inflation iri njodzi. Kana iwe uri mugari weAmerica ane mari yakawanda yemari yakawandisa zvakanyanya kudarika FDIC yunivhesiti inoda, nzvimbo inogamuchirwa chete yekuisa mari iyi ndeyeAprivacyDirect account. Sezvo mutemo wehurumende, zvakanakisisa kudzivisa kuisa mari kune dzimwe nyika .
- Bonds Manunisheni - Aya ndiwo masangano akabudiswa nehurumende nehurumende. MuUnited States, masisita emasungwa anowanzotora mutero kusununguka kuita zvinhu zviviri. Kutanga, inobvumira masuwa kuti afarire chidimbu chechikwereti chakaderera pane chakanga chisina kubhadhara (kuti uenzanise nemasisita ehurumende nebhadharo inotengesa, iwe unofanira kuverenga mutero wakaenzana wezvibereko, zvinotsanangurwa munyaya yakabatanidzwa kare mundima ino) , kurerutsa mutoro wekusunungura mari yakawanda kune zvimwe zvikonzero zvinokosha. Chechipiri, rinokurudzira vatengesi kuti vashandise mumapurogiramu evanhu vanovandudza mararamiro akadai sekubhadhara migwagwa, mabhiriji, zvikoro, zvipatara, nezvimwewo. Kune nzira dzakawanda dzakasiyana dzekusvimha misodzi kunze kwezvinogona kuva nengozi dzemasisita emasungwa . Iwe unodawo kuve nechokwadi kuti hauna kumboisa hurumende masangano muRoth IRA yako . Kuti udzidze zvakawanda, verenga Zvikonzero zvitatu zvekufunga kuisa mari mumasimari emunharaunda yemari .
- Bonds Bhizinesi - Idzi zvikwereti zvinobudiswa nemakambani, kubatana, makambani asingakwanisi kutarisira , uye mamwe mabhizimusi emabhizimisi. Bhizimisi dzehurumende dzinowanzopa zvibereko zvakakwirira kudarika mamwe marudzi ezvisungo asi kodhi yemitero haisi yakanaka kwavari. Murairimu akabudirira angaguma achibhadhara 40% kusvika ku50% yemutengo wayo wose muHurumende, hurumende, uye hurumende dzenharaunda nenzira yemitero, zvichiita kuti zvive zvisinganyanyi kukoshesa kunze kwekuti mamwe mararamiro kana kusunungurwa zvingashandiswa. Semuenzaniso, pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu akanaka, kusungirwa kwekambani kunogona kuva sarudzo inofadza yekuwana mukati peSeP-IRA , kunyanya apo inogona kuwanikwa zvakanyanya kudarika kukosha kwepfungwa yavo nekuda kwekutswa kwemashamba mumatengesi, chakaitika muna 2009. Kuti udzidze zvakawanda, verenga Bonds Bonds 101 .
Ndeipi Dambudziko Guru rekutsvaga muzvikwereti?
Kunyange zvazvo iri kure neurongwa hwakakwana, zvimwe zvekukuvadza kukuru kwekuisa mari muzvisungo zvinosanganisira:
- Chikwereti - Ngozi yekwereti inoreva kukanganisa kwekusagamuchira mukuru wako wakavimbiswa kana kufarira panguva yakatarwa yakagadziriswa pamusana pekusakwanisa kwemupiki kana kusada kugovera iwe. Chikwereti chekwereti chinowanzogadziriswa nekugadzirisa zvibatanidzwa mumapoka maviri akapararira - kushambadza mabhizimisi ebhizimusi uye zvisungo zvisina kumira . Mhedziso yepamusoro yekutsvaga bhizinesi bhizinesi ndeyeTatu AAA yakarongwa bhandi . Pasi pose mamiriro ezvinhu, kukwirira kwehutano hwechibvumirano, kunoderedza mukana wekusavapo, saka iyo yakaderera chikwereti chayo chaanotarirwa nomuridzi wega achagamuchira apo vamwe vashandi vanoda kubhadhara mutengo wakakwirira wehutano hwekuwedzera hukuru sekuenzaniswa nemari yehutano yakafanana nhamba yezviitiko zvakasungirirwa zvinosungirirwa nematare emari uye mari inoyerera kana chiyero chekugovera chido .
- Dambudziko rekupinza mutengo - Kune nguva dzose mukana wekuti hurumende ichagadzirisa mitemo, nechinangwa kana kuti isingadi, iyo inotungamirira pakupararira kwezvishoma . Kunze kwekuti iwe uine shanduko yakasiyana yehutano kana hutano pachahwo huri nemhando yekudzivirirwa-kudzivirirwa, huwandu hwekuwedzera kwezvinhu hunogona kuparadza simba rako rekutenga sezvo iwe ungazviwana uri kurarama munyika iyo mitengo yezvinhu zvekutanga neyokushumira yakakwirira kupfuura iwe unotarisira nenguva yaunowana mukuru wako achidzoka kwauri.
- Dambudziko rehuwandu - Zvikwereti zvinogona kunge zvisinganyanyi kunwa mvura kupfuura dzakawanda zvebhuputi chip stocks . Izvi zvinoreva kuti, kana wawana, unogona kuva nenguva yakaoma yekuvatengesa nepamusoro peraundi. Ichi ndicho chimwe chezvikonzero zvinenge nguva dzose zvakanakisisa kudzivirira kutengesa kwezvisungo zvemunhu mumwe nomumwe zvekushambadzira iwe unoda kuchengeta kusvikira mukukura. Kuti ndipe mufananidzo wehupenyu chaiwo, ini ndangobva kushanda kubatsira mumwe munhu kutengesa zvimwe zvisungo zvebazi guru rebazi muUnited States, iro rakarongwa kuti rikure muna 2027. Chisungo chacho chaive chakatengeswa pa $ 117.50 panguva iyoyo. Takaita foni kuhofisi yezvisungo - haugone kutengesa mabhizimisi akawanda paIndaneti - uye vanobudisa chikumbiro chekukumbira kwatiri. Iyo yakanakisisa ani zvake aida kugovera yaiva $ 110.50. Uyu munhu akasarudza kubatisisa zvibvumirano panzvimbo yekugovana navo asi hazvisi zvisiri zvese kuwirirana kwakadaro pakati pehutano hunodudzwa pane chero nguva uye izvo zvaunokwanisa kuwana izvo; musiyano unozivikanwa sechisungo chakapararira, chinogona kukuvadza vatengesi kana vasingachenjeri . Zvinenge nguva dzose zvakanakisisa kutengesa zvisungo muzvikwata zvakakura nekuda kwechikonzero ichocho sezvo iwe unogona kuwana mabhizimisi ari nani kubva kumasangano.
- Dambudziko rekudzorerazve - Paunoisa mari muhutano, iwe unoziva kuti zvinenge zvichizokutumira iwe mari inowanikwa nguva dzose (mamwe mabhandi, anozivikanwa sezero-coupon bonds, usaparadzi mari inowanikwa mune zvekutsvaga kana kuendesa mariko, asi, pane , inobudiswa pamusana pekutsvaga kwakatarwa kusvika kune uye yakakura pamusana pekukosha kwechiso chake nechinangwa chakanaka chiripo panguva yekubata nguva uye yakabhadhara zvose panguva imwechete apo kukura kwasvika). Pane dambudziko iri, kunyange zvakadaro, pakuti iwe haugoni kufanotaura mberi kwemazana chiyero chaicho chauchazogona kudzorera nayo mari. Kana zvikwereti zvinoderera zvakanyanyisa, iwe unofanira kuisa mari yako itsva inowanikwa kushanda muzvisungo zvinopa kubhadhara kwakadzika kupfuura iwe waive uchifadzwa nazvo.
Kuti udzidze zvakawanda pamusoro pehurukuro iyi, kusanganisira kuwana humwe hutano hwehutano, verenga Sengozi Shanhatu Izvo Zvose Zvinoshandiswa Mubhadhadzi Wekushandira Zvokufunga .
Inguva yakawanda yePodfolio yako inofanira kuiswa muzvikwereti?
Kusarudza kusungirirwa kwebasa rakagadziriswa kunowanikwa mune imwe nyaya inonzi How Much of My Portfolio Inofanira Kuiswa Muzvikwereti? , iyo inokurumidza uye iri nyore kuverenga iyo inoputsa mutemo unokosha wegunwe unogona kushandisa kana iwe unonzwa uchienderana nemamiriro ako ezvinhu.
Chii Chikwata CheBond?
Vashandi vasiri kudikanwa kuti vasava nehutano hwemunhu asi vachiri kuda chimwe chikamu chekuwana mari muhofisi yavo yepodfolio vanogona kunge vachida kufunga nezvekugadziriswa kwakarongeka kwakafanana nesangano rechibvumirano , rinowanzogadziriswa sechidimbu chechikwata chechipiri kana ye ETF .
Mamwe Mashoko Pamusoro peBonds
Imwe nzira inobatsira yekuyera kuwedzera kwekukwereka kwemusika wekutengeswa ndeyekuenzanisa nguva yakareba yeHurumende yezvisungo zvakabhadharwa kune mari inowanikwa muzvikwereti . Kuti unzwisise kuti sei izvi zvichikosha, verenga Market Time, Valuation, uye Purchase Purchases.