Kwekutanga nguva yekushambadzira mari, hazvisi zvisizvo kunzwa mutengesi wako kana vamwe vatengesi vachitaura nezvemari inowanikwa iwe se "bond coupon". Semuenzaniso, mari ye $ 100 000 inobhadhara chikamu che 5%, kana $ 5,000 pagore, inonzi iine "5% coupon".
Kune avo vatsva kana vasina ruzivo uye vasingazivi zvakawanda pamusoro pezvakaitika mumusika wekutengeswa kana mushamba wehutano, izvi zvingaita sevhiringidzi uye zvisinganzwisisike.
Kune chokwadi nyaya inonakidza shure kwezwi rinoshandiswa; nei chirevo che "bond bond" chichiripo kusvika muzana remakore rechi21.
The Origin of Bond Coupons
Mumazuva asati apedza makombiyuta automated uye akareruka yakawanda yenyika yezvemari, vatengesi vakatenga mabhizimisi vakapiwa zvivako zvemuviri, zvinyorwa; mabasa akanaka eumhizha ayo kazhinji aisanganisira kutumira engravers vane ruzivo uye vaongorori kuti vashandise zvikamu zvehupfumi hwenyika kana kushanda mumifananidzo.
Iye aizodzoka achivhara zvikwangwani zvezvisungo munzvimbo yakachengeteka kana kuti akadzichengetedza pane imwe nzvimbo kwavasingagoni kubiwa kana kuwanikwa. Zvaive zvakakosha kuchengetedza zvisungo zvakachengeteka kubva kunze kwenyika nokuti chibvumirano chechibvumirano chaishanda sehuchapupu hwokuti mutengesi akanga atora mari kumubhidha webato; kuti vaikodzero yekugamuchira yavo huru pamwe nekufarira.
Yakasungirirwa kune imwe neimwe yezvisungo izvo zvakavezwa zvaive zvibatanidzwa zvezvisungo.
Boka roga roga rokutengesa rakange rine musi iwoyo. Kaviri pagore (sezvinowanzoita muUnited States sezvisungo zvizhinji munyika ino zvakabhadhara chikwereti chakaita gore negore), apo chikwereti chakanga chiripo nokuda kwechisungo, mutengesi aizoenda kubhangi, azarure mari yakachengetedzwa, uye muchigunzva chikwata chakakodzera chechikwata nezuva ranhasi.
Anotora chikwangwani ndokuchiisa, sebhadha, mubhengi ravo rebhangi kana kutumira iyo kambani kuti atore cheki, zvichienderana nemitemo uye mamiriro ezvinhu.
Pazuva rekukura, apo mutungamiri wechikwata aifanira kubhadhara, mubhadhadzi aizotumira zvinyorwa zvadzo zvakare kumunhu anenge aizodzoka uye achidzorera chikwereti chechipo chacho kudzokera kumutengesi. Izvo zvehutano zvakabva zvabva zvabuda mubhadharo uye mubhadhari aizofanira kuziva zvaaida kuita nemari sezvo pakanga pasisinazve mari yaizouya.
Kana hurumende yakange isingakwanise kuita chikwereti chekubhadhara kana kubhadhara mukuru wechikoro pakukura, hutano hwakanzi hauna kuitika. Muzviitiko zvakawanda, izvi zvinogona kutungamirira kumapfumi uye vateresi vanotora chero chinhu chipi nechipi chavanenge vachivimbiswa nechisungo chebhangi, iyo isangano rinotungamirira chikwereti.
Kuti Bond Mabhanodhi Anoshanda Sei Nhasi
Iyo inogadziriswa yekutsvaga mari muhutano yakasiyana zvakasiyana siyana nhasi nekuda kwekufambiswa kwezvinhu zvinotaurwa pamusoro apa. Kana iwe waizova nechisungo chachangobva kubudiswa kuburikidza nekambani yekudhinda , mutengesi aizotora mari yako ndokuisa mari yacho muakaunti yako, kwaizogara pedyo nematokari ako, mutengo wemari , nezvimwe zvivimbiso.
Iwe unogona kuona kufarira kwechibvumirano kunowanikwa zvakananga ku-akhawunti yako nguva dzose pasina kuita chimwe chinhu; hapana bond yekutambisa kudhonza, hapana chikonzero chekuchengeta chikwata chechibvumirano mumachengetedzo akachengeteka.
Mune nyaya yechipiri yenyaya yezvisungo (zvisungo izvo zvakatanga kutengwa nemurimi wekutengesa asi zvakatengeswa kune mumwe mutengesi vasati vakura), mutengo wekutenga kumutengesa mutsva unogona kunge wakasiyana nehuwandu hunokosha hwehutano.
Izvi, zvinosanganiswa nemhando chero ipi zvayo inoshandiswa iyo inobvumira chisungo kuti chidzikinurwe kare, zvinoreva kuti bhadhiro yebhondi ichave yakasiyana nekubereka-kusvika-kukura (iyo inoshandiswa nhanho inowanikwa muzvikwereti ichawana kana iye akabata zvisungo kusvikira yakura ) kana chibereko-ku-chakaipa (iyo yakawanda-iyo inowanzo inowanikwa muzvikwereti mubhadharo achawana mukana wekudanwa kusina kunaka kana mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu).
Munguva yekuderera kwechikwata chekuda kwemamiriro okunze, chero nguva yaunowana zvikwereti zvakwegura zvinenge zvakasimbiswa nehukoni, unozobhadhara zvakanyanya kupfuura hutano hwekukura kwehutano, zvichiita kuti kurasikirwa kwakachengetedzeka pane chikamu chekubhadhara chikuru icho, kana kukanganiswa nehupamhi bhidhiyo zvinoguma nehuwandu hwemari inobatsira inofananidzwa nevaya vanenge vachangobva kubudiswa panguva iyoyo.
Dzimwe Bonds Dzinowanzonzi "Zero Coupon" Bonds
Dzimwe zvisungo zvinonzi "zero coupon" zvisungo, izvo zvingaratidzika zvichivhiringidza. Zero chikwata chekubatanidza zvibvumirano izvo hazvikwanisi kutora chikwereti chemari muhupenyu hwose hwehutano asi, pane kudaro, inobhadharwa zvisingabatsiri kusvika pakukura kwayo. Izvo zvinotora zvinotarirwa kupa huwandu hwekudzoka kuburikidza nekukura apo zvisungo zvinofanirwa kudzikinurwa nokuda kwehuwandu hwehupenyu huno.
Zero chikwata chekutengeserana kazhinji chinonyanya kufunga nezvekuda kwehuwandu hwehutengo uye, zvakatoipisisa, unofanira kubhadhara mutero wemari pamutero unofanirwa iwe unowanikwa mune hupenyu hwose hwehutano panzvimbo yekuguma kwenguva iyo iwe unogamuchira zvechokwadi chimiro chekukura kwakakura, izvo zvinogona kukonzera nyaya dzekuyerera kwemari kana iwe une chikwereti chakasarudzwa chekuwana mari yakadaro.