Mamiriro eStock Market uye Nzira dzeAsitoresi dzakabudiswa
Pakupedzisira, nekuverenga nekudzidza zvidzidzo izvi, tariro yangu kuti iwe uchakwanisa kutora bhiriji uye unonzwisisa kuti nhamba idzi dzinorevei. Muchikamu chino chokutanga, tichakurukura kuti nei mushamba wezvitengesi uripo uye kutsanangura kuti bhizinesi rinobva sei kuva kambani, kambani yevemhuri kune imwe kambani inoshambadzirwa nekutengeserana pamashamba.
Nhepfenyuro Mitemo
Munyaya ino yese uye nevamwe pano pano, inozouya nemari yemari yausingazivi. Handizopinduri zvakanyanya pano, asi mazwi anotevera ndeechokwadi.
- Zvipo mugove wega : Chiyero chebatsiro icho chikamu chimwe nechimwe chine kodzero.
- Kuenda Munharaunda : Slang kana kambani iri kuronga IPO.
- IPO : Short for Initial Public Offering. An IPO apo apo kambani inotengesa nhumbi yacho pachayo yekutanga.
- Market Cap : Mari yaunofanirwa kuribhadhara kana iwe wakatenga chikamu chimwechete chezvitoro mune kambani. (Kuti uverenge misika yemakisi , wedzera nhamba yezvikamu pamutengo wega wega.) Pfupi yeMatric Capitalization.
- Shandisa : A share, kana imwe chete inoshambasa, inomiririra wega wedzimari mu "mugove" wepfuma, kurasikirwa, uye zvinhu zvekambani. Iyo yakasikwa apo bhizinesi rinozviisa pacharo kuita zvidimbu uye rinovatengesa kune vatengesi mukutsinhana mari.
- Nhamba Yechikwereti : Bhuku shoma retsamba dzinomiririra imwe nhumbi (semuenzaniso, "The Coca-Cola Company" ine chiratidzo cheti "KO", "Johnson & Johnson" rine chiratidzo che "JNJ")
- Underwriter : Inzvimbo yezvemari kana bhaganho rekutsinhanisa iri kuita zvose zvepa pepa uye kugadzira IPO yekambani.
Nhanganyaya ku Stock Stock
Misika yepamusi inogona kuva huru yekuvhiringidza kune vanhu vazhinji. Munhu akawandisa kazhinji anowira mune imwe yezvikamu zviviri. Vokutanga vanotenda kuisa mari kune imwe nzira yekubhejera; vanove nechokwadi kuti kana iwe ukaisa mari, iwe unogona kupedzisa kurasikirwa nemari yako. Kazhinji izvi zvinotya zvinotungamirirwa nehupenyu hwemhuri dzemhuri neshamwari dzaive nematambudziko akafanana kana kurarama kuburikidza neHurumende Yokuderera. Manzwiro aya haasi echokwadi. Mumwe munhu anotenda pamwe nemutsara uyu wekufunga haasanzwisisi kuti mari yekutengesa chii kana kuti nei iripo.
Chikamu chechipiri chinowanikwa kune avo vanoziva kuti vanofanira kuisa mari kune kwenguva refu, asi havazivi kuti vatanga kupi. Vakawanda vanonzwa sokuti kuisa mari kune imwe nzvimbo yeusiya-magic iyo vanhu vashomanana chete vanoziva kuti vangashandisa sei. Kazhinji pane zvisiri, vanosiya zvavanosarudza zvemari kusvika kune vadzidzisi uye havagoni kukuudzai kuti nei vane pfuma chaiyo kana kuti mutero wekudzivirirana . Nzira yavo yekutsvaga mari isingatendi kutenda kana kukwana "Ichi chikwata chiri kukwira ... isu tinofanira kuchitenga." Kunyange zvingasaita sezviri pamusoro, boka iri riri pangozi yakawanda kupfuura yekutanga.
Vanoita sevanhu vazhinji uye vozoshamisika kuti sei mhinduro yavo iri pakati pevanhu (kana mune dzimwe nguva, inoparadza).
Muchikamu chino chezvidzidzo, ini ndakasarudza kuratidza kuti muvhareji wega wega anogona kuongorora shanduro yekambani, uye kutevera zvishomanana kuverenga, vanoenda pane zvavanofunga kuti "chaiye", kana kuti kukosha kwekambani. Izvi zvinobvumira munhu kutarisa pesa uye kuziva kuti zvakakosha, somuenzaniso, $ 40 nehafu. Izvi zvinopa mumwe muwemari rusununguko rwekuziva kana kuchengeteka kusingabatsiri, kuwedzerwa nguva yavo yekudzoka kwenguva refu, kana kupfuura.
Mhando Yebhizimisi uye Stock Market
Tisati taongorora maitiro ekukoshesa kambani, zvakakosha kuti tinzwisise maitiro emabhizimisi uye misika. Iri ndiro dombo rekona yekudzidza kushandisa mari zvakanaka.
Inenge nhengo imwe neimwe huru yakatanga semabasa maduku, amai-uye-pop, uye kuburikidza nekukura, vakazova magamba makuru emari. Somuenzaniso, muna 2016, Wal-Mart, Amazon.com, uye McDonalds vakanga vabatanidza mari inosvika $ 20.7 mabhiriyoni pakupera kwegore. Wal-Mart pakutanga aiva bhizinesi rimwechete-reku Arkansas. Amazon.com yakatanga sekutengesa mabhuku paIndaneti mugaraji. McDonalds aimbova doro rekudya iro rakanga risina mumwe kunze kweSan Bernardino, California yakanga yakambonzwa. Makambani maduku aya akakura sei kubva mune zviduku, mabhizimusi emabhizimisi kusvika kune matatu emabhizinesi makuru pane zveAmerica? Vakasimudza guta guru nokutengesa zviyo mukati mavo.
Apo kambani iri kukura, dambudziko guru rinowanzosimudza mari yakawanda yekuwedzera. Varidzi kazhinji vane zvingasarudzwa zviviri kuti vakurire izvi. Vanokwanisa kukwereta mari kubva kubhangi kana kuti mutengesi mukuru, kana kutengesa chikamu chebhizimisi kune varairi uye kushandisa mari yacho kuti vatsigire kukura. Kubhadhara chikwereti kwakajairika, kazhinji zviri nyore kuwana, uye zvinobatsira zvikuru - kusvika pane imwe nzvimbo. Mabhandi haazogadziri nguva dzose mari kumakambani, uye vatariri vanoda-farira vanogona kuedza kukwereta zvakanyanya pakutanga, izvo zvinoita kuti pave nehuwandu hwebhadharo. Zvinhu zvakadai sezvi zvinowanzokonzera vatenzi vemabhizimisi maduku kuti vabudise. Mukutsinhana kwekusiya chikamu chiduku chekutonga, vanopiwa mari yekuwedzera bhizinesi. Mukuwedzera kwemari isingabhadharwi kubhadharwa zvakare, "kubuda pachena" [sekudanwa kwayo apo kambani inotengesa nhumbi yacho pachayo yekutanga] inopa mabhizimisi emabhizimisi uye veneti chigadzirwa chitsva: pane kubhadhara mari ye kutenga, vanogona kushandisa zvadzo zvavo.
Nzira yakabudiswa sei?
Kuti unzwisise zviri nani kubudiswa kwekambani, ngatitarisei kambani inofanirwa "ABC Furniture, Inc." Mushure mekuroorana, mumwe mukomana nemudzimai vakasarudza kutanga bhizinesi. Zvinogona kuvabvumira kuti vashande ivo pachavo, uyewo kuronga maawa avo ekushanda pamhuri dzavo. Vose murume nemudzimai vave vachinyanya kufarira fenicha, saka vanosarudza kuvhura dare mumusha wavo. Mushure mekubhadhara mari kubva kubhangi, vanodana kambani yavo "ABC Furniture" uye vanoenda mune bhizinesi. Mumakore mashomanana okutanga, kambani inoita zvishoma kubhadharo nokuti mari inoshandiswa inodzokera zvakare muchitoro, kutenga zvimwe zvinyorwa uye kugadziridza uye kuwedzera chivako kuti chigadzire chikwata chinowedzera chekutengesa.
Makumi gumi gare gare, bhizimisi yakakura nokukurumidza. Vakaroorana vakakwanisa kubhadhara chikwereti chekambani, uye zvikwereti zvinopfuura $ 500,000 pagore. Aine chokwadi chokuti ABC Furniture inogona kuitawo mumaguta akawanda akavakidzana, avo vari vaviri vanofunga kuti vanoda kuzarura mapazi maviri matsva. Vanotsvakurudza zvavanosarudza uye vanoona kuti zvichatora mari inopfuura $ 4 mamiriyoni kuti iwedzere. Usingadi kukwereta mari uye kubatanidzwa nemari yekubhadhara zvakare, vanosarudza kutengesa zviyo mukambani.
Iyo kambani inoswedera kune "underwriter", yakadai seGoldman Sachs kana JP Morgan, uyo anodururira pamusoro pezvinyorwa zvemari uye anotara kukosha kwebhizimisi. Sezvambotaurwa kare, ABC Furniture inowana $ 500,000 mushure mekuteresa mari gore rega rega. Iyo inewo kukosha kwebhuku ye $ 3 mamiriyoni [kukosha kwenyika, chivakwa, kuongorora, nezvimwe zvakabviswa chikwereti chekambani]. Uyu munyori wechirungu anotsvakurudza uye anoona inowanda firati yekutengeserana inotengeserana ka20 zvakagadziriswa [pfungwa yatinozokurukura nezvimwe zvakadzama gare gare].
Izvi zvinorevei? Zvichitaura zvishoma, iwe waizowedzera mari ye $ 500 000 ne20. Muna ABC's case, mhinduro ndeye $ 10 mamiriyoni. Wedzera mubhuku rinokosha, uye iwe unosvika $ 13 mamiriyoni. Izvi zvinoreva, mumanzwiro eanonyora pasi, ABC Furniture inokwana $ 13 mamiriyoni.
Mhuri yedu yevechidiki, ikozvino yava nemakore ekuma30, inofanira kusarudza kuti yakawanda yekambani yavanoda kutengesa. Parizvino, ivo vane 100% yebhizimisi - iyo ndeye yavo. Kana vachiwedzera kutengesa, mari yakawanda yavanomutsa, asi vanofanira kuchengeta mupfungwa kuti nekutengesa zvakawanda, ivo vachave vachisiya chikamu chikuru chehudzi hwavo. Sezvo kambani ichikura, huyo uhwo huchava hwakakosha, saka muzvinabhizimisi akachenjera haazozvitengesa kupfuura zvaaifanira kuita.
Mushure mokurukurirana, vaviri vacho vanofunga kuchengetedza 60% yekambani uye kutengesa mamwe 40% kuvanhu sechitoro. [Izvi zvinoreva kuti vachachengeta $ 7.8 mamiriyoni ebhizinesi rinokosha, uye nokuti vane mazhinji ezvitoro, ivo vacharamba vari kutarisira dhaka.] Zvimwe 40% zvavakatengesa kuvanhu zvinokwana $ 5.2 mamiriyoni. Uyu munyori wechirungu anoona vatengesi avo vanoda kutenga mari yacho uye kupa cheki ye $ 5.2 mamiriyoni kune avo vaviri.
Kunyange zvazvo ivo vasina rutivi rwekambani, danda ravo rinotarisira kukura nokukurumidza ikozvino kuti vane nzira yekuwedzera nokukurumidza. Kushandisa mari kubva kuchipo chavo chepaguru, ABC Furniture inobudirira kuzarura mabhii maviri matsva uye ine $ 1.2 mamiriyoni mumari yakasara [yeuka kuti yaizoita madhora $ 4 mamiriyoni kuitira zvitsva zvitsva]. Bhizimisi iri nani mumatavi matsva. Izvo zvivako zviviri zvitsva zvose zvinopoteredza madhora 800 000 pagore mune purogiramu imwe neimwe, nepo dare rekare richiri kuita madhiyoni 500 000. Pakati pezvitatu zvitatu, ABC ikozvino inopa purogiramu ye $ 2.1 mamiriyoni.
Izvi ndezvemashoko makuru nokuti, kunyange zvazvo vasina rusununguko rwekuvhara dhivha zvakare, bhizinesi iko zvino rinokosha pa $ 51 mamiriyoni [kuwedzera mari itsva ye $ 2.1 mamiriyoni gore ne 20 uye kuwedzera kukosha kwebhuku re $ 9 mamiriyoni (rimwe nerimwe dhaka rine kukosha kwebhuku re $ 3 mamiriyoni)]. Iro 60% yematengo ikozvino inokwana $ 30.6 mamiriyoni.
Nemuenzaniso uyu, zviri nyore kuona kuti mabhizimisi maduku akaita seanoputika sei mukukosha paanoenda kuvanhu vose. Vakuru vekambani yekambani, nenzira yakati, vakapfuma usiku hwose. Pamberi, mari yavanogona kutora kubva mubhizinesi yakanga yakatarwa kune purogiramu yakaitwa. Iye zvino, vakasununguka kutengesa zvikamu zvavo mukambani chero nguva, kuunganidza mari nokukurumidza.
Iyi nzira ndeyomukati weWall Street. Musika wekutengesa, pamusana payo, iyo yekutengeswa kukuru apo ugove mumakambani seA ABC Furniture inotengeswa kune akakurudzirwa zuva nezuva. Nemhaka yehupenyu hwevanhu uye manzwiro ekutya nemakaro, kambani inogona kutengesa zvimwe zvakawanda kana zvishoma kudarika kukosha kwayo. Basa rakanaka remuti wekushambadzira nderokuona iyo makambani ari kutengesa pasi pezvakakosha zvechokwadi uye kutenga zvakawanda sezvavanogona.