Nzira Yokuongorora Nheyo Yakatambira
Sei Uine Mikana Miviri Yakasiyana Mugove Wose Nhamba?
Paunopinda muhupfumi uye kurasikirwa kwekambani yekambani, unofanira kuzviita pamatanho maviri.
- Wekutanga anotarisa bhizimisi rese. Nenzira, iyo inobatsira sei iyo kambani yakazara?
- Yechipiri iri kuongorora purogiramu kwega. Makambani anotengeswa nepamusoro akaparadzana kuita zvidimbu zvidimbu, uye chimwe nechimwe chezvidimbu izvo zvinomiririra chikamu chehuwandu hwehutano hwepamusoro. Ndezvipi zvekuteverwa kwemutero ine chikamu chimwe nechimwe chekambani inofanirwa kugamuchira?
Kune mumwe munhu wekusimbisa mari, chipiri chechipiri ndicho chinonyanya kukosha. Kana kambani inowedzera rubatsiro rwakawanda gore negore, asi zvishoma zvishoma zvekuti iyo purofiti inowedzera inoita nzira yayo kune vagovani pabasa rimwe nerimwe, kubudirira kwebhizimisi hakurevi zvakawanda, sezvo zvingave zvichiri kutyisa mari . Izvi zvinogona kuitika nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakasiyana siyana-zvakadai sekugoverana kwekugoverana kwekubatanidza nekuwana, kusarudzwa kwezvikwata zvakapiwa kuvatungamiri, kana kusungirirwa kwekuchengetedza kwakafanana nemvumo yekushandura kana shanduko inoshandiswa inoshandiswa . Iri idambudziko rakajairika uye rimwe raunogona kuwana kakawanda kupfuura kwete.
Zvechokwadi vagoveri-vane ushamwari makambani ekufambisa vanoisa pfungwa pamigumisiro yega-yega, kugovera mberi kwavo pamusoro pehukuru hwekambani. Vatungamiri vakadaro vanonzwisisa kuti nguva imwe neimwe iyo mugove mutsva unobviswa, vashandi variko varipo, chaizvoizvo, vachitengesa zvimwe zvezvavanoita zvebhizimisi zvezvino uye vachizvipa kune wese ari kugamuchira chikamu ichocho.
Nenzira inofadza, vanyori vanoita kuti GAAP iwane mitemo yezvemari inowanikwa mushumo wegore uye 10-K filing yakauya nemhinduro. Haisi yakakwana, uye haigoni kubata zvose, asi inzvimbo yakanaka kutanga. Vakasarudza kutsvaga makambani kupa hurukuro miviri yakasiyana-siyana pamashizha ekugoverwa mukuzarura kwavo.
Kuverenga Basic EPS uye Diluted EPS
Nhamba mbiri idzi dzinodiwa neGAP dzinokosha EPS uye inonzi diluted EPS.
- Nhamba yekutanga inonzi inokosha EPS . Nheyo yega yega yega mugove wakananga, wakajeka kuedza kunotora mari yakawanikwa inoshandiswa kune zviyero zvinowanikwa kwenguva imwe uye kugovana nayo nehuwandu hwezvikamu zvakasarudzwa panguva iyoyo. Semuenzaniso, kana bhizinesi raive ne $ 100,000,000 mumari inoshandiswa inoshandiswa kune zviyero zvinowanikwa zvegore rayo rapera mari, uye yakatanga gore iroro ne 20,000,000 zvikamu zvakasarudzwa uye yakapedzisa gore iroro ne 15,000,000 chikamu chepamusoro, kuverengwa kwe EPS kunenge $ 100,000,000 ÷ ([ 20,000,000 + 15,000,000] ÷ 2), kana $ 5.71.
- Chipiri chechipiri inozivikanwa se diluted EPS . Dhiyabhorosi mari inoshandiswa pamubhadharo inoshandura inowanikwa mari inoshandiswa pane imwe nhamba inosanganisira nekubatanidza zvose zvinogona kuwedzera kuwedzerwa izvo, kana zvichitsvaga pamitengo yemazuva ano nemamiriro, zvingaguma kune iyo inonzi yakagadzirirwa mugove wega wega iri pasi kudarika iyo ingadai isina. Semuenzaniso, tichishandisa mufananidzo wedu wokutanga, kana paive nezvikamu 5,000,000 zvezvikwata zvinogona kubudiswa panguva ipi zvayo nekuda kwekuchengetedzwa kwekuchengetedzwa kunoitwa nemushambadziri wekutanga kuti ave akakodzera kutendeuka pamutengo wakaderera kupfuura mutengo wemusika wezvino, chidimbu chaidiwa kuti azvidavirire izvozvo. Diluted EPS yaizova $ 100,000,000 ÷ ([[20,000,000 + 15,000,000] + 5,000,000] ÷ 2), kana $ 4.44.
Mamwe mafungiro ekushandisa Kushandura EPS Paya Kuongorora Bhizimisi
Chinhu chimwe chete chokuchengeta mupfungwa pamusoro peEPS yakaderedzwa ndechekuti kushandura kwekurwisana hakusi kushandiswa muhuwandu. Kuita izvi kwaizowedzera mubayiro wega wega, izvo zvisingaiti kuti zviitike munyika chaiyo. (Ndeupi munhu asina hanya angashandisa nzira iri pasi pemvura kana kushandura kuchengetedzwa pamutengo unoita kuti vabhadharwe kupfuura zvavaigona kuwana kana vaenda kumusika wakatarwa uye vakatenga zvikamu?) Izvi zvinoreva, somuenzaniso, kuti kushamba kwemvura pasi pemvura haisi yakabatanidzwa mu diluted EPS kuverengwa, asi sarudzo dzezvikwata zvinokodzera kutendeuka uye dzine murairo wekutengesa pasi pemazuva ano mutengo wemusika.
Kubva pane maonero anobatsira, kana iwe uchinzwisisa izvi kuverenga, zvinoreva kujekesa: Kana kambani ine zvakawanda zvekugona kuwedzera mumabhuku ayo, uye mutengo wematengo zvino inoderedza zvimwe nekuda kwemamiriro ezvinhu eimwe kambani, kuwedzerwa kwemari, kana kupararira kutengeswa kwemusika wekutengesera, zvose zvekudhonza kunogona kupera kubva pakuderedzwa kweEPS kuverengwa.
Kana iwe usingarevi kuti chokwadi chepamusoro chezvikwata zvemashure zvichangoerekana chichidzokororazve zvose zvekuwedzera, zvaunofungidzirwa kuti iwe unogona kunge uri kure kure chiratidzo. Mune zvimwe zvikamu, zvichida kusvika pane zvigadziriswa zviripo, kana mutengo wemari unoramba uchinetseka kwenguva yakareba, zvimwe zvingasarudzwa zvichapera, asi izvo zvinowanzotonhora kunyaradza sezvo vatungamiri vanogona kuzvipa mitsva yekutsvaga zvitsva pasi mutengo.
Mutemo mukuru wekugumburwa ndeyekuti EPS yakaderedzwa nguva dzose inenge yakaderera pane EPS inokosha kana kambani ikaratidza purogiramu, nokuti iyo purogiramu inofanira kugoverwa pakati pezvimwe zvikamu. Saizvozvowo, kana kambani inotambura kurasikirwa, EPS inoderedzwa ichagara ichiratidza kurasikirwa kwakadarika pane EPS inokosha nokuti kurasikirwa kuri kupararira kune mamwe masangano.
Kutarisa Intel Semuenzaniso
Mifananidzo iri pasi apa inobva kuIntel, kambani yekambanikiti, mushure me dot-com boom, iyo yakaratidza zvose izvi zvakanaka kwazvo. Kutarisa pane chati iri pasi apa, cherechedza kuti muna 2000, musiyano pakati peIntel's Basic EPS uye diluted EPS yakananga kusvika madhora $ 0.06. Kana iwe uchifunga kuti kambani iyi yakanga ine mamiriyoni matanhatu emamiriyoni emari, iwe unoona kuti kuwedzera kuri kutora mari inopfuura madhora 390 mamiriyoni kubva kune vashandi uye kuipa kune vatariri nevashandi. Iko yaiva mari yakawanda yemari. Gare gare, muna 2001, sezvo misika yakaramba ichiderera, yakawanda yezvigadzirwa zviduku zvakapinda mumvura, uye naizvozvo kubudiswa kwakabuda kwaiitika kwenguva pfupi mukuverengwa kweEPS yakaderedzwa.
Tafura INTEL-1
| Intel Mutsara: 2001 Annual Report | ||
| Zvipo zvegairo kubva pane zvakaramba zvichiitwa | 2001 | 2000 |
| Basic EPS | $ 0.19 | $ 1.57 |
| Diluted EPS | $ 0.19 | $ 1.51 |