Unit Investment Trust Basics for New Investors

IITs Inotanga Kuumbwa Kwamahofisi Evanhu Vasingapindi Pfuma

Pawakatanga rwendo rwako rwekutsvaga, ungangodaro wakawana chimwe chinhu chinozivikanwa seUIT, kana Unit Investment Trust. Izvi zvinokutungamirira pane dzimwe nheyo, saka une ruzivo rwakanaka rwekushanda yeiyo maUITs, sei akaiswa pamwe chete, uye nei zvaive zvakanyanya kudai mafototoriko ezvemari kwezvizvarwa zvakawanda.

Chii Chinonzi Unit Investment Trust?

Kufanana nehurumende yekutengeserana, chimwe chezvikwata zvekutsvaga mari inoshandiswa neUnited States Securities and Exchange Commission pasi peInvestment Company Act ye1940.

IUIT inopesana nedzimwe mari inoshandiswa nebhasikiti rezvinyorwa zvisingatori zvakachengetwa, zvikwereti, zvikwereti, reITs, MLPs, zvigadzirwa zvemashamba, kana zvimwe zvivimbiso zvinosanganiswa nebhishopu rekutsvaga, bhizinesi rezvekwereti, kambani yekuchengetedza pfuma, kana kutsigira iyo yakasimudza mari kubva kune vashandi kuti vavake chikwereti ichi maererano nemirayiridzo inotsanangurwa mumagwaro edzidziso anonzi Trust Indenture. Dzimwe nguva, kusarudzwa kunoitwa zvakakwana. Dzimwe nguva zvinogadzirwa nehupamhi. Mune maitiro akawandisa, inosanganiswa. Semuenzaniso, imwe ITU inogona kunge yakagadzirwa nedengu rebhuruu-chip stocks iro rakagadzirisa zvikwereti zveparadho gore negore kwemakore makumi maviri nemashanu uye ine humwe huwandu hushoma hwemari huwandu hwemari . Chimwe chingave chakaumbwa nemagetsi ezvigadzirwa zvezvigadzirwa zvehupenyu zviri muUnited States. Kunyange zvakadaro, imwe inogona kushandiswa chete mumabatanidzwa emakambani akabudiswa nemakambani anoshandisa mune imwe nzvimbo kana mhizha .

Imwe chikwereti chekuita mari yemuridzi inowana mauniti uye inounganidza mari inogadzirwa neholdings kusvikira chivimbo chinopera.

Kana ikangoumbwa, iUIT inowanzo "mari yakafa" mune kuti hapana kuenderera mberi kwekutungamirira. Inochengetedza kubhadhara uye inodhura kudarika mari yakawanda yakarongeka.

Imwe wrinkle vashandi vatengesi vese pavanosangana nechikwata chekuchengetwa kwekuchengetwa kwekuchengetwa kwekutsvaga kugona kuti vane nguva yekupera.

Pakupera, trust inopera. Muridzi wacho ane imwe yezvisarudzo zvitatu:

1. Tora kubhadhara kwezvinhu zviri pasi (inonzi "in-kind" delivery). Izvi zvinoreva kuti iwe unowana mugove wako wezvese matanda, zvisungo, REITs, kana zvimwe zvakachengetwa mu trust yakaendeswa kune zita rako. Kune vanhu vazhinji, izvi zvingareva kuti vanoisa mukambani yekweretheni kana kuti vakanyoresa zvakananga kuti vashandise maCDIPs .
2. Dzorerai kuvimba mune imwe itsva yakafanana, yakafanana, kana yakasiyana yezvikwata zvekutsvaga kwekutengeswa inopiwa neanotsigira. Kazhinji, vatsigiri vachakurudzira kuita kudaro, kazhinji nenzira yekutsvaga kutengesa kutengesa kana mamwe mazano.
3. Tora mari inokonzerwa nemari pakusimiswa kwetrust apo iyo inobata mabhizimisi inotengeswa kana, kana iri yezvisungo, yakakura.

Mutemo wemazuva ano unobvumira zvigaro zvekutengesa zvigadziriswe kugadziriswa mune imwe yenzira mbiri. Yokutanga inozivikanwa se "grantor trust," izvo zvinoita kuti unit unit ive muwandu wehuwandu mubhasikiti chaiyo yezvigumisiro. Chechipiri ndere "kambani yezvekushambadzirwa kwekambani," umo uyo asingabhadharwi neavo ane wekuvimba, kubatana, kana sangano (zvichienderana nechitemo chairo chepamutemo chinoshandiswa kugovera kupa) icho, uye ichocho, ndicho chine dengu rekuchengetedzwa.

Kubva pane maonero anobatsira, hapana misiyano yakawanda kumudzimai, asi zvakakosha kudzidza zvinyorwa zvinyorwa kuti uzive zvakananga rudzi rwamakawana uye kana uine rusununguko nehutano uye njodzi. Zvimwe zvemazuva ano zvigadzirwa zvekutsinhanisa mari zvinotengeswa se Exchange Exchange Funds kana ETF s.

Ndivanaani Vakakurumbira?

Munzira dzakawanda, chikwata chekutsinhanisa mari chimwe chezvikwata chaive chimwe chemafambo ekutanga ehurumende pamwe chete neine zvakasiyana zvakasiyana nemutemo. Sezvo zvinoshamisa sezvingangoita sezviri, hazvisi kare kare kuti unhu hutsva hunotarisira huwandu hwemari pamwe chete. Maererano nenyaya inonzi United Investment Trusts Fade seNew Fund Vehicles Surface yakabudiswa muThe Wall Street Journal , chikwata chekutsvaga mari inoshandisa mari yakawanda 13,310 kusvika 5,330 munguva pfupi yapfuura muna 1994. Sezvo makore mashoma apfuura, muna 2012, Investment Company Institute yakashuma kuti paiva nematendi 5 787, ayo 2 426 akanga akaenzana, (533) aiva nekodzero dzekutengeserana, uye 2 808 dzakanga dzisingabhadhara mutero .

IUIT yakave nokuonazve kuchinja kwemarudzi pakati pe2008 ne2012 apo zvikwereti zvacho zvakamira pa $ 71.73 mabhiriyoni; chimiro chakange chiine kudarika kaviri munguva iyo zvichibva pamitengo yekutora ichienda kune zero uye varairi vemazhinji vachikandira ziso rinoshuvira kumotokari yekutsvaga nekuti vakawanda vanofambisa vanonyanya kukoshesa mari yekushambadzira pavanenge vakaisa pamwe chipo chitsva. Pasinei nekuvandudzwa kwechangobva kuitika, $ 71.73 mabhiriyoni muUITs yakaenzana nemabhiriyoni emadhora muzvikwereti zvinowanikwa pamwe chete uye mari yekuenzanisa .

Kubatsirwa

Chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha zveUITs zvine chokuita neyo nzira yekuwana mari inobhadhara mitero inobatwa. Nekodzero yemumwe mutero, zvinoita kuti uwane kurasikirwa paunotora mari yako paunenge uchinzwa nemitero kune umwe munhu waunowana pfuma; mari yaunowana iyo yausina kumbofarira. Iyo inogona kuva dambudziko rechokwadi kune imwe nzvimbo inokosha-inotaridzika, nguva yakareba, kutenga-uye-kubata mari yekugadzirisa iyo inogara pane zvakachengetedzwa zvakachengetwa zvinotengeswa mugore rose risati rasvika kune iye zvino anowanikwa mari kuti awane chikamu chemari. Izvi hazvibatsiri kana iwe ukasimudza mune mutero wekutengeserana kuburikidza nenzvimbo yekuchengetera mutero yakadai seRoth IRA kana Roth 401 (k) , asi inogona kuva dambudziko rechokwadi kana iwe unotenga zvakananga kana kuburikidza nekodha rekweretheni . Nyaya yacho haisi kuitika neine unit unit trust nokuti vanotsigira mapurisa pamwe chete nezvevimbiso panguva iyo urongwa hunoiswa, zvinoreva kuti mari yezvakabatanidzwa yakasiyana nemutengi wepakutanga.

Kukanganisika

Apo iyo unit investment trust inounganidza zvikwereti uye / kana chikwereti kubva kune zvivimbiso zvepasi, iyo inobva yavapa mari yacho kune muridzi. Zvisinei, kusiyana nemagariro evanhu vanogadziriswa, hazvibviri kuunzazve mari iyi inopinda mumutengo wacho pachayo nenzira yakarongeka (yeuka kuti ITU iyo yakagadziriswa gwaro rekuchengetedzwa kwekare). Zvinoreva mukukwira kwemisika, iyo inonzi "mari inokwidza" inogona kukura apo iyo inodzoka iri zvishomanana kupfuura iyo iyo ingadai yakambove yakave iyo chaiyo iyo yaimbova yega yega kana kuti kuburikidza nehurumende yenguva dzose. Izvi hazviiti nguva dzose chinhu chakaipa nokuti, mumusika wemisika, inoshanda nenzira imwe.

Imwe inogona kukanganisa kwezvikwata zvekuchengetwa kwezvikwata zvinodhura panguva yekutenga. Ndakaona maUIT akasimudza pamapostiliyo ematokari emashandisirwo anopera mukati megore kana maviri ezvisikwa uye anotengesa 2.95% mutoro wekutengesa pakutenga kwe $ 50,000 kana pasi. Izvozvo hazvina kunaka sezvazvinonzwika kana iwe uchifunga kuti kusiyana nekambani yekubhadhara mari inobhadhara mutengo wakafanana wekutengesa, hapana mutengo wehurumende yebhadharo uye iwe unogona kutora matanda pamusana pekuregererwa kwekutenda; mutoro wokutengeserana unoshanda senhengo yekutonga inzvimbo 50 kusvika ku100, zvichiita kuti zvive zvakanaka. Kunyange zvakadaro, kana iwe uchiziva zvibvumirano zvaunoda, zvinowanzova zvisingabhadhari kuti uzviunganidze iwe pachako nokutenga mashizha zvakakwana.