Liquidity Risk - The Short Version
Mukutaura kwakajeka, kuisa pangozi kunoreva ngozi yokuti hupfumi hahuzove nemunhu anoshanda kana mutengesi kana wakagadzirira kutenga kana kutengesa. Izvi zvinoreva kuti iwe uchave wakaramba uine hupfumi pane imwe nguva iwe unoda mari. Mune zviitiko zvakanyanyisa, njodzi yekudzivirira inogona kukonzera iwe kutora kurasikirwa kukuru nokuti iwe unofanira kuisa pasi pfuma yako pamatengo ekutengesa moto kuti uwane vatengi.
Chimwe chezvikonzero zvekurasikirwa kwakavhiringidzirwa nemabhizimisi emari munguva yeHarare Recession ndiyo iyo makambani aya ane kodzero dzekuchengetedza. Apo vakazviwana vasina mari yakakwana yekubhadhara zvikwereti zvezuva nezuva, vakaenda kundotengesa zvinhu izvi asi vakawana kuti yemusika yakanga yaoma zvachose. Somugumisiro, vaitofanira kutengesa chero mutengo wavanokwanisa kuwana - dzimwe nguva sepasi sepennies mashomanana pariyoni!
Nyaya inonyanya kuzivikanwa ndeye Lehman Brothers, iyo yaibhadharwa nemari yakawanda kwenguva pfupi.
Vatungamiri veupenzi vakashandisa iyi pfupi pfupi kutenga mari yekutsvaga kwenguva refu iyo yakanga isiri yemvura - kana kuti, iyo iyo yakava isina kumira shure kwekudengenyeka. Apo mari pfupi pfupi yakabviswa, hofisi yakange isingakwanisi kuuya nemari nokuti yakange isingagoni kutengesa nguva yakare, nguva dzekuchengetedza dzisina kukwana kuti dzisungirire mvumo.
Vashandi vaida kuparadzwa kunze kwekuti Rehman aibatsira uye aive nemari yakawanda yemadhora mabhiriyoni.
Pamusoro pekumusoro, pane mukana une ngozi kune dzimwe nyika nokuti mamwe makambani uye vatyairi vanga vachinge vachinge vaine mari vakakwanisa kutenga zvinhu zvakashata. Zvimwe zve "vulture" vatengesi vanoita kuuraya nokuti vakange vane mahwendefa ayo aigona kutsigira kuchengetedza kusina mari yekuisa mari kwenguva refu.
Kubhadhara kuipa kwehupfumi, vatengi vanowanzoda kuti chikwata chapamusoro chekudzoka pamari inotengeswa mune zvisiri izvo. Iko kuti, bhizinesi duku haringatengeswi nyore nyore muzviitiko zvakawanda kuitira kuti vatengesi vangave vachida kutora huwandu hwekudzoka kwekutsvaga muzvikamu zvayo kudarika ivo vaizoshandisa mvura yakasvibirira chip chip . Saizvozvowo, vatengesi vanoda mari shoma shoma yekupinza mari mubhangi.
Liquidity Risk - The Long Version
Kune marudzi akasiyana-siyana ehuwandu hwehuwandu asi ini ndiri kungokudzidzisai nezvezvinhu zvitatu zvakakosha izvo zvinogona kutambudza varimi venguva dzose.
- Kuipa Kwemvura # 1 - Bhizimisi / Kupa Kupararira Kupararira - Kana dambudziko rinopinda mumusika kana mari yevanhu, unogona kuona bhizimusi uye unokumbira kuparadzirwa kwepakati kuitira kuti mutengi wemusika ave nenguva yakaoma kufanana nevatengi nevatengesi. Iko kuti, zvikamu zvako zveChits XYZ zvingave nemutengo wekutengeserana we $ 20 asi chikwata chingave chawa kusvika $ 14 saka iwe haugone kuwana $ 20 waunoda! Iwe unowanzoona kukuru kwazvo kubvunza / kukuru kunopararira mune zviduku zvakatengeswa mashizha uye zvisungo, asi guru, mvura yebhuruu chip stocks kazhinji inopararira zvakaderera se penny kana maviri.
- Kuipa Kwemvura # 2 - Kusakwanisa Kutarisana Nemutoro Wemari Kana Mutero Wakafanira - Ichi ndicho chikwereti chekutsinhanisa chekuregererwa pane chikwereti. Kana kambani ine $ 100 Mamiriyoni muzvisungo zvinosvika pakukura, zvinotarisirwa kubhadhara mari yose ye $ 100 mamiriyoni nezera rekukura. Kazhinji yenguva, mabhizinesi anovandudza chikwereti ichi. Asi chii chinoitika kana misika yemari chikwereti isingashandisi, sepanguva yeHuru Recente apo chikwereti chakaita kuti zvikwanise kubhadhara mari? Kana zvakadaro, kana kambani yacho isingakwanisi kuuya ne $ 100 mamiriyoni ose, inogona kuiswa mujeri re bankrupt kunyange iyo inobatsira zvikuru. Iwe unogona kuzviwana wakavharwa mune izvo zvingava makore ekushanda kwepamutemo pamusana pekambani isina kutarisira kushandiswa kwayo kwengozi.
- Dambudziko rehutachiona # 3 - Kusakwanisa Kuwana Zvido Zvekubhadhara Pamutengo usingabhadharwi - Iyi ndiyo apo zvisingabviri kune kambani kana imwewo yekusimwa kuti irere mari yakakwana kuti iite zvakanaka uye inogadzirisa zvido zvayo pamutengo unodhura. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., somuenzaniso, ndeimwe yemakambani makuru uye anobatsira zvikuru pasi rose. Iine makumi emabhiriyoni emadhora mune chikwereti kuitira kuti kugadzirisa kambani yepamusoro yekambani. Kana iyo misika yakaenda haywire mangwana uye Wal-Mart aisakwanisa kubhadhara pa 6% uye vatengesi panzvimbo iyo vaida 30%, zvingasava nehanya kuti kambani ibudise zvisungo. Zvechokwadi, kutengeswa kwemusika kwaizove kwakaoma zvachose uye vashandi veWal-Mart vaizofanira kunetseka nezvekambani inouya nemari yakakwana yekudzima chikwereti chacho chose.
Zvidzivirire Zvakare Chengetani Ngozi
Kune nzira dzakasiyana siyana dzaungagona kudzivirira kudzivirira kune ngozi. Izvi zvinosanganisira:
- Usambofa uchitenga mari yakareba kwenguva refu isingabhadhari kunze kwekuti iwe unogona kuibata kuburikidza nekudzoka kunotyisa uye kurasikirwa nebasa. Kana iwe uchida mari mumwedzi mitanhatu, usatenga chiremba chemakore mashanu kana kuti chivakwa chemba.
- Yeuka kuti chikwereti chako chakanaka hachina kukosha sehuwandu hwemari yakawandisa iwe waita mushure mokuita chikwereti chako mwedzi mumwe nomumwe. Fixed payments ye $ 5,000 pamwedzi inotyisa kune mumwe munhu ane $ 6,000 pamwedzi mukubhadhara pamusha. Izvo zvakabhadhara inokanganisa kukanganisa kune mumwe munhu achiita $ 300,000 pamwedzi. Zvimwe zvose zvakaenzana, chikuru chikwata pakati pemari yaunowana mwedzi woga woga uye mari yaunenge uchibhadhara, zvishoma kudarika iwe unobatwa mune imwe nyika inowanikwa mumatambudziko.
- Dzivisa kuisa mari mumakambani anotarisana nehuwandu hwehuwandu hwemari. Pane imwe chikwereti chikuru chekugadzirisa zvirongwa zvingakanganisa hukama hwekambani? Iko kambani ine bhasi rakasimbiswa nehuwandu hwemari yekuwana mari, yakadai senhengo dzevashandi panzvimbo yezvishoma zvenguva? Kana iwe usinganzwisisi kuti zvinorevei izvi, iwe unofanira kunge wakanamatira kune mari yakaderera, yakawanda yakasiyana-siyana yemari .