Kubva kuWarren Kurwisa kwaDonald Trump
Heino kuongororwa kwevatungamiri vatatu, mazano avo ezvehupfumi, uye zvakadini zvavakatevera Republican tsika.
Warren G. Harding (1921-1923)
Warren G. Harding akati, "Pashoma hurumende mune bhizinesi uye mamwe mabhizinesi muhurumende." Munguva yake, maRepublicans akaparadza mitemo yakagadzirirwa munguva yeHondo Yenyika I. Vanocheka mitero, kunyanya kumakambani nevapfumi. Vakasimbisa bhadharo yehurumende pasi pe Budget uye Accounting Act ye1921. Zvaida kuti mapurisa ose ehurumende ape mari yehurumende pasi pe mutungamiri wenyika. Yakasimbisawo General Accounting Office.
Kuoma kwekutora kwakaita kuti US banking iwedzere kukunda munyika yose. Yakabatsira kuvakazve Europe shure kweHondo Yenyika I. Yakakurukura kushambadzira kunosangana neMalaysia neMiddle East, uye yakagadzira sangano rekutengesa musuo rakazaruka muAsia. Akatsigirawo zvidzidzo zvekuchengetedza mabhizimisi zvakadai semitengo uye miganhu pamusoro pekuenda kune dzimwe nyika. Iyo yaiva yeRipublican policy kusvika kuma1930.
Kuoma kunotsigira mitemo isiri tsika dzeRepublican.
Akatora hurukuro yepasi rose yezvombo zvehondo izvo zvakabatsira kuderedza mari yehondo. Kubhadharira bhajeti kunokonzera $ 2 biliyoni kubva pachikwereti. Ndiyo 7 kubva muzana inoderera kubva pamadhora madhora madhora makumi maviri nemadhora makumi mana emadhora ekupedzisira kwebhadha rekupedzisira raWoldrow Wilson, FY 1921. Wilson aifanira kubhadhara Hondo Yenyika I.
Vakawanda veHiging vakagadzwa vakazobatanidzwa mumatambudziko.
Izvozvo zvakakanganisa kutenda kwehurumende muhurumende.
Calvin Coolidge (1923-1929)
Calvin Coolidge akati, "Kana hurumende yehurumende yaizobuda kunze kwebhizimisi, mutambo wevanhu wega wega waisazoona mutsauko." Munguva yake, America yakashandurwa kubva kune tsika yepamutemo kusvika mune zvehupfumi hwakasanganiswa . Izvo zvitsva zvakavakwa zvakapetwa kaviri.Hosha hwemabasa hwakaramba huri pasi pehuwandu hwemhuka yepakati pe4%. Ndiyokuti United States yakabudisa hafu yenyika yose, sezvo Hondo Yenyika I yakaparadza vazhinji veEurope.
Kuti kubudirira kwakabvumira Coolidge kuderedza kushandiswa kwehurumende. Akaderedza chikwereti chenyika ne $ 5 bhiriyoni. Icho chaive chikamu chema 26 kubva muzana kubva kune $ 21 bhiriyoni chikwereti pakupera kweHarare yekupedzisira bhajeti, FY 1923.
Coolidge akanga ari oga uye akadzivirira panguva apo vaAmerica vakanga vachitya Soviet Union yakanga ichangobva kuumbwa. Akaisa mari yepamusoro yezvinhu zvokutengeserana zvekuchengetedza maindasitiri epamba. Akaramba nhengo dzeUnited States muLigi yeMarudzi.
Coolidge akaongorora mapikisa kubva kuHuring administration. Izvozvo zvakadzorera kutenda kwevanhu veAmerica muhurumende yavo. Chivimbiso ichocho chakabatsira kukurudzira makore makumi maviri . (Chinyorwa: "Calvin Coolidge," History.com.)
Coolidge akabatsira kuumba nheyo yehupfumi-side economics neMunyori wake weAlbert Treasurer Andrew Mellon. Akacheka mitero kuitira kuti pakupedzisira chete vapfumi vakabhadhara chero zvachose. (Chinyorwa: "The Great Resrainer," The New York Times, February 14, 2013.)
Kunyange zvazvo muvhareji mari yakasimuka kubva pa $ 6 460 kusvika ku $ 8,016 pamunhu wese, haina kugoverwa zvakafanana. Muna 1922, nhamba yepamusoro 1 muzana yevanhu yakagamuchira 13.4 kubva muzana yemari yerudzi. Izvozvo zvakasimuka kusvika 14.5 muzana muna 1929. (Chinyorwa: "Mazuva Ano Economy 1919 - 1930," California State University, Northridge.)
Coolidge zvakare akati, "Bhizimisi guru revanhu veAmerica ibhizinesi." Akabvisa kutyisirwa kwemitemo yekutonga kuburikidza nevashandi navo nevaya vanonzwira tsitsi bhizinesi. Coolidge akabvuma mumakore akazotevera kuti pro-mabhizinesi ake mazano angave akave akaitawo mubhokisi rakaguma muHurumende Yokuderera .
Herbert Hoover (1929-1933)
Herbert Hoover akava mutungamiri munaMarch 1929. Kuderera kwakave kwakave Kukura Kwekukuru kwakatanga munaAugust. Musika wepamusoro wakagumburwa munaOctober. Vamwe vose veHoover's presidency vaidyiwa nemhinduro yake kuDambudziko.
Hoover aiva mubatsiri we laissez-faire economics . Akatenda kuti hupfumi hunotungamirirwa nehutongerwo hwematongerwo enyika hwaizozvigadzirisa. Akafunga kuti rubatsiro rwezvemari rungaita kuti vanhu varege kushanda. Chinetso chake chikuru chaiva kuchengeta bhajeti. Sezvo Kuora Kwepfeko kuchipfeka, hurumende yemari yakawa. Kuti urege kubva pakurambidza zvishoma, Hoover kuderedza mari.
Kunyange apo Congress yakamanikidza Hoover kutora matanho, akaisa pfungwa pakusimudzira mabhizinesi. Akafunga kuti kubudirira kwavo kwaizopfuura pasi kune munhu akaenzana. Kungofanana nedzimwe nyika dzakanaka Republican, Hoover dzakaderedza mutero wekutengesa kurwisana nekuora mwoyo. Asi iye chete akaderedza dhigirii yepamusoro imwechete, kusvika ku24 muzana. Akaridzorera ku 25 muzana munaDecember 1920. Akasimudza mutengo wepamusoro kusvika 63 muzana muna 1932 kuti aderedze kusakwana. Kuzvipira kwake kumabhadharo akaenzana kwakaderedza kuora mwoyo.
Akakumbira Congress kuti iumbe Reconstruction Finance Corporation. Yakabhadhara $ 2 bhiriyoni kumabhizimisi asina kukwanisa kudzivirira kukanganisa kwakawanda. Yakapawo mari yekutaura kusafambisa vasingashandi nekuwedzera mabasa ehurumende. Akanzwa zvakasimba kuti kutarisira kusina basa kwaive basa rekuzvipira uye rekuzvidira, kwete rezvematongerwo enyika.
Muna 1930, Hoover yakasaina Smoot-Hawley Tariffs . Pakazosvika gore ra1931, hupfumi hwakange hwava nekodzero yemapato makumi maviri nemakumi maviri kubva pakukwirira kwayo munaAugust 1929. Dzimwe nyika dzakadzorera. Izvi zvekuchengetedzwa kwepasi pose zvinoshandiswa nekutengeserana kwenyika yose ne 66 muzana nehupamhi hweDambudziko. Kubva panguva iyoyo, vazhinji vezvematongerwe enyika vanopesana nekudzivirira.
Pasinei nechishuwo chekuda mari yakaenzana, Hoover yakawedzera $ 6 biliyoni kune chikwereti. Izvozvo zvaiva nokuti Kuora mwoyo kwakaderedza mutero wemari yehurumende yehurumende. Icho chaive chikamu chema 33 kubva ku $ 17 bhiriyoni chikwereti pamugumo weBoolidge sarudzo yekupedzisira, FY 1929.
Dwight Eisenhower (1953-1961)
Mumitemo yepamba, Mutungamiri Eisenhower akatevera nguva yepakati. Akaramba achinyanya kuwanda kwezvirongwa zveDD Deal neTruman's Fair Deal. Akawedzera huwandu hwemari muUnited States . Akasimbisawo Dhipatimendi reHutano, Dzidzo uye Welfare. Yakapinda basa reStart Security Administration. Akawedzera Social Security kuti avhare mamwe maAmerica gumi nemamiriyoni, kusanganisira vashandi vehurumende uye mauto. Akarera zvipo zvose uye mitero yemitero.
Eisenhower yakapedza Hondo yeKorea muna 1953. Izvo zvakaita kuti kuve nekuderera muna July 1953 kwakapera kusvika muna May 1954. Upfumi hwakabvumirana ne2,5 muzana muna Q3, 5.9 muzana muna Q4, uye 1.8 muzana muna Q1 1954. Kusashaya basa kwakasvika kusvika pakakwirira kwe 6.1 muzana munaSeptember 1954.
Asi, kufanana neRepublican good, Eisenhower akasimbisa bhajeti yakaenzana. Akaderedza kushandiswa kwemauto kubva kune $ 526 mabhiriyoni kusvika ku $ 383 mabhiriyoni. Akasimudzira purogiramu ye "Atom for Peace" iyo yakasimbisa kugovana ruzivo rweatomu nokuda kwehupenyu panzvimbo yezvombo. Akasika US Agency Information uye akakurudzira kushandiswa kweCIA kuti ibudirire zvinangwa zvehondo kuburikidza nesimba, kwete hondo. (Kubva: "Kudzokera Kumutoro," Chikwata ChekuAmerica, Gunyana 14, 2011.)
Sezvo chikamu chekudzivirirwa kwekuchengetedza musha, Eisenhower akagadzira Interstate Highway System muna 1954. Yakagadzira makiromita makumi mana emugwagwa iyo yakabatanidza 90 muzana yemaguta ose ane vanhu vanopfuura 50,000. Hurumende yehurumende yakapa $ 25 mabhiriyoni kumahurumende kuti avake makore gumi nematanhatu. Yakamisa iyo Highway Trust Fund kuti iwane mari yemari inobhadhara iyo. Zvinogona kubvumira kuchengetedza zvakachengeteka munyaya yehondo yenyukireya kana mamwe mauto ehondo.
Muna 1957, Dwight Eisenhower akagadzira NASA kuti atungamirire hutungamiri hweUnited States mu rocketry, satellites uye nzvimbo yekuongorora.
Rimwe dambudziko rakaitika kubva munaAugust 1957 kusvika munaErafra 1958. Federal Reserve yakakonzera kuburikidza nekusimudzira mutengo. Izvozvo zvakabatsira kuderedza federal mari. Somugumisiro, Eisenhower akawedzera $ 23 mabhiriyoni kune chikwereti che federal. Icho chaive che 9 kubva muzana kubva ku $ 266 madhora emadhora pamagumo ekugadzirisa kwekupedzisira kweTruman, FY 1953.
Richard Nixon (1969-1974)
Richard Nixon akapota kubva kumadzitateguru eRepublican mazano. Muna 1969, mutungamiri mutsva akazivisa Nixon Dzidziso. Yakaderedza kushanda kwechiuto kweUnited States muHondo yeVietnam. Akaudza vashandi veUnited States kuti vazvichengetedze ivo pachavo, asi vaizopa rubatsiro sezvakakumbirwa. Nixon yaipindura kupesana kwehondo kupedza hondo yeVietnam.
Dzidziso iyi zvakare inodzivirira kunze kweMiddle East mafuta ekugoverwa kuH Shah ye Iran uye Saudi Arabia. Pakazosvika 1969-1979, United States yakatumira $ 26 bhiriyoni muzvigaro kunyika mbiri kuti dzidzivirire kurwisana ne communism . Urongwa urwu hwakaenderera mberi kusvikira vaRussia vakapinda muA Afghanistan muna 1978 uye Shah vakagumburwa muna 1979 kuchinja. Nixon akangowedzera $ 121 mabhiriyoni kune chikwereti chemadhora mabhiriyoni makumi matatu nemadhora makumi matatu ($ 354 billion) panguva yake muhofisi, asi Dzidziso yake yakaita kuti nguva yakareba ine simba yakawanda zvikuru. Dzidziso yakabvumira Nixon kuderedza kushandiswa kwemari yekudzivirira kubva pa $ 523 mabhiriyoni kusvika ku $ 371 mabhiriyoni.
Muna 1971, akashandisa "Nixon Shock." Kutanga, akaisa mutengo wekubhadhara mubhadharo wakadarika hurumende yeAmerica yepamusoro . Chechipiri, akavhara hwindo regoridhe. Izvozvo zvaireva kuti Fed yakanga isisakwanisi kudzikinura madhora negoridhe. Izvozvo zvaireva kuti United States yakarega kuzvipira kwayo muna 1944 Bretton Woods Agreement . Chechitatu, akaisa mutengo we10 muzana pamutengo. Aida kuderedza mari yekubhadhara US. Asi yakawedzerawo kutengesa kwekutengeswa kwevatengi. Izvi zvakabatsira kushandura kutengesa kwezvinhu mumadhipatimendi maviri.
Muna 1973, Nixon akapedza ndarama yakakwana zvachose. Kukosha kwechiroro kwakawira kusvikira iwe uchida $ 120 kuti utenge imwe yegoridhe. Kukosha kwemafuta, iyo inotengeswa mumadhora, yakadererawo zvakare. OPEC yakatumira mafuta ayo kutengesa muedzo wakaoma wokuwedzera mutengo wayo. Nokuda kwezvimwe, ona History ye t Gold Gold .
Iko Nixon Shock yakasika makore gumi ekusimudzira . Iko kunobatanidza kupesana kwezvehupfumi nehuwandu hwechipiri. Pakazosvika 1974, kutengesa kwenyika kwaiva 12.3 muzana. Upfumi hwakanga hwakabvumirana nezvikamu makumi mashanu nezviviri. Pakazosvika 1975, uwandu hwemabasa hwakakwira pa9 muzana. Kuwedzera kwepamuviri kwakaenderera mberi pakati pemapfumbamwe 10-12 kubva munaFebruary 1974 kusvika munaEpril 1975.
Nixon yakatevera Republican mitemo neB Budget Control Act muna 1974. Yakagadzirisa hurongwa hwehupfumi hwehurumende . Yakasimbisawo Congressional budget committees uye Congressional Budget Office.
Muna 1974 Watergate-yakaparadza kutenda kwehurumende muhurumende. Muna 1964, mapurisa akaratidza kuti 75 kubva muzana veAmerica vakavimba nevasarudzo vakasarudzwa kuti vaite zvakafanira nyika. Pakazosvika 1974, chetatu chete chaitenda saizvozvo. Kushayikwa kwekutenda kwakaita kuti sarudzo dzaRonald Reagan dzive muna 1980. Dzakaita kuti vanhu vose vatende muhutano hwehupfumi , izvo zvakazoita kuti kuwedzera kwehupfumi kuwedzere.
Gerald Ford (1974-1977)
Gerald Ford akagara nhaka yekutengesa. Akatanga kuedza kurova mutengo wekutsvaga mutengo nematongerwo enyika. Akatogamuchira pfungwa yekubhadhara mari. Mushure mezvo hazvina kushanda, akadzorera nzira uye akagamuchira mapurogiramu ekuwedzera. Muna 1975, akapa vateresi chikamu chekubvumira kwe10 kubva muzana, vakawedzera kuregererwa kwemazuva ose, uye vakawedzera $ 30 mari yechikwereti nhengo yemhuri. Akawedzera 10 muzana yebhizimisi rekubhadhara mutero chikwereti.
Ford yakasayirawo mari yekushandisa mari. Akarongawo kusarudzwa kwemashoko, asi havana kudarika Congress. Pakazosvika 1976, kudarika kwainge kwapera. Yakabatsira kuti Fed inoderedzwa interest rates. (Chinyorwa: "Inhoroondo yeModhiyo yeFomily Inotenderera Mukurumbira Wake," Washington Post.)
Mitemo yakakura yeF Ford yakawedzera $ 224 mabhiriyoni kune chikwereti. Icho chaive chikamu chemazana makumi maviri kubva muzana kubva pamadhora madhora mazana maviri nemakumi mashanu emadhora emagumo ekupedzisira kwebhajheti yekupedzisira, FY 1974.
Ronald Reagan (1981-1989)
Reagan inotarisana nenhamo yakaipisisa kubvira Kubva Kudenga Kukuru. Upfumi hwakanga hwakanyungudutswa mune stagflation . Reagan akavimbiswa kuderedza kushandiswa kwehurumende , mitero uye mutemo . Akadana idzi mitemo yeRepublican reReaganomics .
Panzvimbo yekuderedza kushandiswa kwemari, akawedzera bhajeti 2.5 muzana gore negore. Mugore rake rokutanga, akachera mapurogiramu epamba ne $ 39 bhiriyoni. Asi akawedzera mari yekuzvidzivirira kubva kubva ku $ 444 bhiriyoni kusvika ku $ 580 mabhiriyoni pakupera kweramende rake yekutanga, uye $ 524 mabhiriyoni pakupera kwechipiri chechipiri. Akatsvaga kuwana "rugare kuburikidza nesimba" mukupikisa kwake ku communism uye Soviet Union. Reagan yakawedzerawo Medicare.
Reagan kuchema mutero wemari kubva kune makumi manomwe kusvika ku28 kubva muzana yemutengo wepamusoro wemutero. Akachera mutero wekambani kubva kune 48 kubva kuzana kusvika ku 34 muzana. Reagan's tax cuts yakashanda nokuti mitero yepamusoro yakanga yakakwirira zvikuru mumavambo ekuma1980 kuti vakanga vari mu "mararamiro anorambidza" paLaffer Curve . Asi Reagan yakawedzera mutero wemitero kuti ivimbise solvency ye Social Security .
Panzvimbo pokuderedza chikwereti, Reagan kanopfuura kaviri. Izvo zvakanga zviri pasinei ne195 Gramm-Rudman Deficit Reduction Act, iyo yakakonzera kushandiswa kwemari kushandiswa. Akawedzera $ 1.86 trillion, 186 kubva muzana kubva ku $ 998 madhora emari pakupera kwemari yekupedzisira yaCarter, FY 1981.
Reagan mitemo yakaderedzwa, asi yakanga iri pfupi kudarika pane Mutungamiri Jimmy Carter. Akabvisa mararamiro emitengo yeNixon. Akaramba achibvisa mitemo pamusoro pemafuta uye gesi, terevhizheni yakareba, kureba kwemafoni, kushandiswa kwebhasi nepamhenderekedzo yegungwa. Akagadzirisa mitemo yebhangi ne 1982 Garn-St. Germain Depository Institutions Act. Yakabvisa mitemo kune chikwereti-ku-kukosa ratios dzeBhengi dzeMari uye Mari . Asi izvo zvakatungamirira kuChaka Chekuchengetedza uye Chekwereti muna 1989 .
Reagan yakawedzerwa matanho ekutengeserana. Akapetwa kaviri nhamba yezvinhu zvaiiswa pasi pekutengeserana kubva kune 12 muzana muna 1980 kusvika 23 muzana muna 1988. Asi NAFTA .
Kurwisana nekutengesa mutengo Reagan akagadzwa weHurumende yeHurumende yeParamende Paul Volcker kuderedza mari inowanikwa . Akasimudza mari yakadyidzana yemari kusvika 20 muzana . Izvozvo zvakaguma zvekutengesa, asi zvakakonzera kutengesa. Yakagadzira 10,8 muzana yehuwandu hwehuwandu hwemabasa , iyo yakakwirira kupfuura chero ipi zvayo yekuderera. Kubasa kwakaramba kuri pamusoro pe10 muzana kwechinenge gore.
George HW Bush (1989-1993)
Bush Bush 41 yakarongedza kuderedza chikwereti pasina kutora mitero paakati, "Verenga miromo yangu, kwete mitsva." Asi Bush yakatanga kutarisana ne1991-1991 kutengesa kwepasi kwakakonzerwa nedambudziko reS & L banking. Zvinoshamisa kuti kuregererwa pasi pasi peRaagan Administration kwakanga kwakonzera dambudziko. Nhamba yekusashanda yakasimudza pamusoro pe7,7 muzana muna 1992. (Chinyorwa: "Ichi Ndicho Chekuita Mari Inotora Nguva Yokupedzisira Mutungamiri Haana Kukundazve Kusarudzwa," Business Insider, July 8, 2012.)
Ma1999 kutsika kwemari yakaderedza mari. Bush yakasvibiswa nedzimwe sarudzo yeReagan-era, Gramm-Rudman-Hollings Budget Balanced Act muna 1985. Yakarayira kushandiswa kwemari kushandiswa kudengenyeka kana bhajeti isinganzwisisiki. Bush wakanga asingadi kutema Social Security kana kudzivirira. Somugumisiro, akabvuma kubhadhara mutero kunoratidzwa neDemocrat-controlled control Congress. Izvi zvakamutengera kutsigirwa kweRepublican party apo iye akamhanyira kuzogadziriswa muna 1992. (Mhedziso: "Chidzidzo cheHurumire yeGrover Norquist: George HW Bush, 'Kwete Mitero Itsva, 'uye Chisarudzo cha 1992, "Washington Post, November 27, 2012.)
Bush yakatsamwisawo Republican nekuwedzera mitemo. Akatsigira vanhu veAmerica vane Dambudziko rekuremara uye Clean Air Act Amendments
Akatevera mushure meHoover Republican mahwanda ekutengeserana kwematongerwo enyika kuburikidza nekutaurirana NAFTA uye chibvumirano chebhizimisi reUrano.
Bush yakateverawo Republican pro-def defense mitemo paakabvuma kuitika kweIrak kuKitit muna 1990 nekutanga Gulf War yekutanga. Izvozvo zvakagadzira zvinyoro zvishoma zvishoma semafuta emagetsi akaiswa. Akatanga hondo muPanama kuti aparadze General Manuel Noriega. Akanga atyisidzira kuchengeteka kwePanama Canal uye veAmerica vanogara imomo. Asi akagurawo mari yekushandisa mari kubva ku $ 523 bhiriyoni pasi peMutungamiri Reagan kusvika ku $ 435 mabhiriyoni mubhadharo yake yekupedzisira. (Kubva: "Kudzokera Kumutoro," Chikwata ChekuAmerica, Gunyana 14, 2011.)
Misika yemisika, yakaenzana neS & P 500, yakawana 60 muzana munguva yake. Bush inowedzera $ 1.554 trillion, 54 kubva muzana kubva ku $ 2.8 trillion chikwereti pakuguma kwebhajami yekupedzisira yaReagan, FY 1989.
George W. Bush (2001-2009)
George W. Bush akatarisana nematambudziko mazhinji munguva yekutonga kwake. Akapindura kuburitsa re2001 neEGTRRA yekubhadhara mutero. Akagadza matanho emitero yebhizimisi yeJGTRRA kuti atange kutanga kuunganidza muna 2004. Zvose zvakasanganiswa neBush zvinowedzera $ 1.35 triliyoni pamakore gumi kusvika kune chikwereti.
Bush rakabvuma kurwisa kweAl-Qaida musi waSeptember 11, 2001 neHondo pamusoro peKutyisa . Akatanga Hondo muAfghanistan kubvisa kutyisidzira kubva mutungamiri weAl-Qaida, Osama bin Laden. Akasimbisa Homeland Security Act kuti agadzirise hugandanga hunyanzvi muna 2002. Akabva atanga Hondo yeIraq muna 2003. Pakazara, Bush yakashandisa $ 850 mabhiriyoni muhondo mbiri, apo kuwedzerwa mari yeDhipatimendi Rezvokuchengetedza uye Chekuchengetedzwa Kwemhirizhonga iyo inodhura madhora 807.5 bhiriyoni. Kubhadhara hondo mbiri, kushandiswa kwemauto kwakasimuka kunyoresa mazana ema $ 600- $ 800 mabhiriyoni pagore.
Bush inopikisana neRepublican policy nemari yekuchengeta utano. I Medicare Part D chirongwa chechirongwa chemishonga chakawedzera $ 550 mabhiriyoni kune chikwereti. Haana kuedza kudzora zvakadzama kushandiswa kwemari ye Social Social and Medicare.
Muna 2005, dutu guru Katrina rakarova New Orleans. Yakakonzera $ 200 bhiriyoni mukuvadza uye yakaderedza kukura kusvika 1.5 muzana muchina yechina. Bush yakawedzera $ 33 biliyoni kusvika kune FY 2006 bhajeti kubatsira nekuchenesa.
Bush inoparadzaniswa neBillruptcy Prevention Act ya2005 . Yakachengetedza mabhizimisi nekusaita kuti zvive zvakaoma kuti vanhu vaende. Pane kudaro, yakamanikidza vashandi vekumba kuti vatore zvakakwana kunze kwemisha yavo kuti vabhadhara chikwereti. Izvo zvakatumirwa chikwereti chinodarika chikamu 14 muzana. Yakamanikidza mhuri 200 000 kubva mumisha yavo gore roga roga mushure mekunge mutemo wacho wapfuura. Zvizhinji zvechikwereti zvakabatwa nemari yehutano hwehutano, Nhamba yekutanga yekushungurudza . Izvozvo zvakasimudzira subprime mortgage crisis . Muna 2008, Bush yakabudisa kubhadhara mutero .
Bush's response to the 2008 financial crisis crisis was business-friendly, but not allied with Republican policies. Hurumende yehurumende yakatora mari yezvekutengesa mari Fannie Mae naFreddie Mac . Yakaparadzanisa chibvumirano chekuchengetedza Bear Sterns. Yakaedza uye yakakundikana kuchengeta Lehman Brothers kubva pakuwa. Bush Bush yakabvumidza $ 700 mabhiriyoni kubhadhara mari yebhangi kuitira kuti US banking system isagumburwe . VaRepublicans muCongress havana kubvumirana pakutanga, asi pakupedzisira vakaenderera mberi nehukuru hwehurumende hupindira.
Panzvimbo pokuderedza chikwereti, Bush yakapetwa kaviri. Akawedzera $ 5.849 trillion, yechipiri-yakakura zvikuru yehupi mutungamiri wenyika. Izvo zvinodarika $ 5.8 triliyoni yakave pakupera kwegore ra2001, mutungamiri weChitungamiri Clinton yekupedzisira.
Donald Trump (2017-2021)
Urongwa hwehupfumi hwaDonald Trump hwakatevera mapurogiramu eRipublican kunze kwekutengesa uye kutamira kune dzimwe nyika. Zvaanoita zvisati zvicharatidzika.
Trump yakashandura kuregererwa nevakuru vakuru. Akavimbisa kusunungura Dodd-Frank mitemo iyo inodzivirira mabhengi ekubhadhara mabhizimisi maduku. Akabvumira kuvaka kweKeystone XL neDipota Access mapipayipi. Aida kuchengetedza mari shoma pane iyo makambani eUnited States anogona kukwikwidza.
Akavimbisa kuwedzera mari yekuchengetedza mari ne $ 54 bhiriyoni. Akavimbisa kubhadhara iyo nekucheka mune mamwe madhipatimendi. Aizobhadhara $ 1 triloni kuvakazve hupfumi hweUnited States nehutano hwehupfumi / hupfumi. Nokuda kwezvimwe, ona Can Can Trump Inodzosa Kudzoka kweAmerica Jobs?
Urongwa hwehutano hweTrump hwokutsiva Obamacare hwakavimbwa nekodzero dzekodzero dzemitero. Yakatsvaga kubvisa mari yakabhadhara Care Act yemitero uye mvumo yayo yaida kuti vanhu vatenge inshuwarisi. Asi yakakundikana musi waMarch 24, 2017, apo pakange pasina maPurovhesiti akakwana okuvhura imba.
Mutambo weTurump unotora mari inoderedza mari uye mari yekambani yemitero . Akavimbisa kubvisa chirango chemuchato, Chimwe Chero Mutero Mushoma , uye mutero wefa.
Asi imwe mitero mitero yakanga isiri yebhizimisi-yakanaka. Trump akaronga kugumisa kusarudzwa kwemitero pa $ 5 trillion mumari yekambani yakaitirwa kunze kwenyika. Aizobvumira imwe nguva yekudzorera mitero pa10 muzana. Akavimbisawo kuti achabvisa "kutora kufarira" kubviswa.
Trump's immigration policy yaive isiriwo yebhizimisi-yakanaka. Akaedza kubvisa vagari vemo kubva kunyika nhanhatu kuti vasapinda muUnited States. Izvo nyika iSiria, Iran , Libya, Somalia, Sudan neYemen. Nzira yekutonga yakavhara kurambidzwa nokuti yakanga isiri yepamutemo.
Trump yakapikira kushandisa $ 20 biliyoni kuvaka rusvingo runodzivirira vatorwa vanobva kuMexico vachiedza kupinda muUnited States zvisiri pamutemo. Akatanga kutapa chero munhu upi zvake wekune imwe nyika muUnited States zvisiri pamutemo kuti aiva nenhoroondo yezvakaipa. Makambani anoshungurudzika anoshandiswa muSilicon Valley anovimba nevatorwa vanobva kune dzimwe nyika kune vamwe. Zvimwe zviito zvingasimudzirawo mari kune mabhizinesi anovimba nevaduku-mubhadhari vanobva kune dzimwe nyika.
Republicans traditionally inotsigira zvibvumirano zvekutengeserana pasina . Pane kudaro, Trump yakatsigira kuchengetedza . Akatyisidzira kuwedzera mitengo yekutengesa kunze kweChina neMexico. Akabva kure nhaurirano paTrans-Pacific Partnership . Akavimbisa zvakare kudzokera zvakare ku NAFTA kana Mexico isina kugumisa chirongwa chemaquiladora. Asi chirongwa ichi chinobatsira makambani eSU. Hezvino Chii Chinoitika Kana Trump Dzopuka NAFTA .
Trump yakapikira kuderedza chikwereti ichi chaiva chekutsvaga kubvisa kusvibiswa uye kuregererwa kwemari muhurumende yekushandisa mari . Asi panzvimbo pacho, chikwereti chake kuderedza chirongwa chaizowedzera $ 5.3 triliyoni .
Kune rumwe rutivi, ona How Democracy Presidents Affected the Economy .