Mari Inofambira Mberi Yehondo yeIraq
Hondo yakawedzera kudarika $ 1 trillion ku chikwereti cheUnited States .
Izvo zvinosanganisira kuwedzera kuDhipatimendi reZviviri (DoD) uye Veterans Administration (VA) gwaro rebhadhadha . Dhauriro yeDoD yebhadhiro yakawedzera ne $ 193 mabhiriyoni munguva yeIraq War. IAV budget inowedzera ne $ 47.7 billion. Zvimwe zvezviwedzerwa izvi zvinokonzerwa neHondo muAfghanistan .
Inosanganisirawo $ 819.7 mabhiriyoni muHorseas Contingency Operations (OCO) mari yakatsaurirwa kuHaran War. Izvo zvinodarika $ 738 mabhiriyoni mumadhora ekugadzirisa-kuderedzwa kwemari yakashandiswa paHondo yeVietnam. Yechipiri chete kune $ 4.1 trilliyoni mumadhora ekugadzirisa-kutengesa mari akapedzwa munguva yeHondo Yenyika II. Kuti uwane mamwe maitiro ekugadzirisa mari chaiyo yekuzvidzivirira, ona Budget yeMudhi yeUnited States .
Nguva yeIraq War Costs
Heino nguva yezvakaitika gore negore. Mariro inotorwa kubva muna 2014 Congressional Budget Services Report uye Federal Federal kudhura mishumo. Tafura inopfupikisa izvi zvinodhura pasi apa.
FY 2003 - $ 90.3 mabhiriyoni: Musi waMarch 19, United States yakapinda muIraq ne "Shock and Awe." Kubhomba kwemabhomba uye kupinda kwepasi kwakaisa hurumende yeHussein mwedzi wakatevera.
FY 2004 - $ 90.9 biliyoni: MunaEpril, US inodzika kuguta reSunni-rainzi Falluja. Mumwedzi iwoyo, mapepa ekutambudzikira mujeri reAb Abu Ghraib akapfuurirawo kukurudzira vapanduki.
Muna June, America yakagadza Shiite mutungamiri Iyad Allawi semukuru wehurumende. Pasinei neizvi, Shia radicals yakashandura United States muNajaf mwedzi miviri gare gare. MunaNovember, hurumende yeUnited States yakatanga kunyadzisa vatungamiri veSunni ku Falluja. Kune zvakawanda pamusoro pezvematongerwe enyika, ona Sunni-Shia Split .
FY 2005 - $ 105.8 mabhiriyoni: MunaEpril, Iraq yakatumidza mutungamiri weku Kurde Jalal Talabani semutungamiri, uye Shiite Ibrahim Jaafari semukuru wehurumende. Muna May, Sunni vapanduki vakauraya vanhu 672 mumotokari yemotokari, kaviri 364 vakaurawa muna April. MunaOctober, vhoti vakabvumidza mutemo mutsva. Icho chinangwa chekuumba musangano weIslamic democracy. Muna December, vakasarudza Paramente itsva.
FY 2006 - $ 108.3 mabhiriyoni: United States yakapindura kuwedzera hutsinye pakati peShiites, Sunnis, uye Kurds zvakauraya vanhu vanopfuura 34 000 vevanhu. MunaFebruary, Sunnis akaputira Shia shrine inokosha kuSamarra. MunaMuvhuro, mutungamiri weTalabani achangosarudzwa zvakare akabvunza Shia kuti aende kuNyri al-Maliki kugadzira hurumende itsva. Mutungamiriri weAl-Qaida, Abu Musab al-Zarqawi, akaurayiwa muIraq. MunaNovember, Iraq neSiria zvakadzorera hukama hwezvematongerwo enyika pashure pemakore anenge 25. Munharaunda yeShia yeSadr City muBaghdad, vanopfuura 200 vakafa mumotokari yemabhomba.
Muna December, Saddam Hussein akaurayiwa zvinyararire.
FY 2007 - $ 155.9 mabhiriyoni: Bush yakaratidza kuwedzera kwemauto makumi maviri evanhu veUnited States kuti vabatsire simba rekuchinja kune vatungamiri veIraq. MunaFebruary, mauto anopfuura makumi matatu akaurayiwa nemabhoti mumusika weSadriya weBaghdad. MunaMarch, mazana ezviuru akaurayiwa apo Sunnis yakaputika matori matatu akazara nehutu hweklorini gasi mu Falluja neRamadi. MunaEpril, vanhu mazana maviri vakafa nemabhombe muBaghdad. MunaAgasti, vanhu 250 vakaurayiwa nemotokari nemotokari mumabhidha maviri emudhorobha. Shia nevatungamiri veKurdish vakaita sangano kuti vatsigire Prime Minister Maliki. VaUnited States-vashandi vekuchengetedza vakachengetedza Blackwater vakauraya vanhu 17 muBaghdad. Pakazosvika December, Britain yakapa kuchengetedzwa kwehurumende yeBasra kumauto eIraqi.
FY 2008 - $ 196.8 mabhiriyoni: MunaJanuary, Paramende yeIraq yakabvumira vakuru veSaddam Hussein vaBaath kuti vadzokere kuhupenyu hwevanhu.
In March, Mutungamiri weIrish Mahmoud Ahmadinejad akashanyira. Mazana akaurayiwa apo Prime Minister Va Maliki vakarova pasi paMehtada Sadr's Mehdi Army muBasra. MunaSeptember, United States yakapa svondo reSunni reAnbar kuhurumende inotungamirirwa neShia. Bush yakasaina Chibvumirano cheSimba Chibvumirano chakavimbisa kubvisa mauto ose eUnited States kubva kuIraq muna 2011. (Mhedziso: "Obama Akarega Kubva kuIraq Nokukurumidza?" NPR, December 19, 2015.)
FY 2009 - $ 132.9 mabhiriyoni : MunaJanuary, Iraq yakabata kutonga muBaghdad Green Green. Muna June, mauto eUnited States vakabva kumaguta ose nemaguta, vachipa mabasa ekuchengetedza kuIraq. Muna July, Masoud Barzani (KDP) akasarudzwazve seMutungamiri. In December, boka reIslamic State rinotaura kuti rakazvidzivirira kuuraya mabhomba kuBaghdad yakauraya vanhu vanenge 367 gore iroro. Mhirizhonga yakavhurwa neIran apo mauto ayo akakurumidza kupamba mafuta eirimu munharaunda yeIraqi. MunaNovember, Mutungamiri Obama vakabvumirana kuti vabudise mauto muna 2011.
FY 2010 - $ 83.4 mabhiriyoni: Mapoka akasiya, achisiya makumi mashanu evanhu kuti vaudze mauto eIraqi uye kudzivirira zvido zve US kusvika muna 2011.
FY 2011 - $ 50.9 mabhiriyoni: Mauto ese eUnited States akasiya Iraq munguva yekupera kwaDecember. Hurumende yeShia yakaderedza Sunni zvishoma. Iuto reIraq rakava risina simba. Zvose izvi zvakasimudza kukwira kweboka reIslamic State.
2012-2014 - $ 7.8 mabhiriyoni: Makambani eUnited States akatsigira avo vakagara muIraq kuti vadzivirire zvido zve US.
2015-2016 - $ 38.7 mabhiriyoni: Mapoka akadzoka kuIraq kunodzidzisa mauto emunharaunda kuti akunde boka reIslamic State. (Chinyorwa: " Zvinotengeswa zveIraq, Afghanistan, uye Dzimwe Hondo Yenyika Yose Pamusana pekutyisa Kubvira pa9/11 ," Tafura A1. "Amy Belasco, Congressional Research Service, Gumiguru 29, 2014." Iraq ProfileTimeline, "BBC.)
Irak Hondo Yenharo Chidimbu Chetafura (mumabhiriyoni)
| FY | DoD Budget Kuwedzera | OCO ye Iraq War | VA Budget Kuwedzera | Total | Bhoti Pasi Pasi | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2003 | $ 36.7 | $ 51.0 | $ 2.6 | $ 90.3 | 123 700 | Kushamiswa uye Kutya |
| 2004 | $ 11.6 | $ 76.7 | $ 2.6 | $ 90.9 | 142 600 | Drawdown |
| 2005 | $ 23.6 | $ 79.1 | $ 3.1 | $ 105.8 | 157 982 | |
| 2006 | $ 10.5 | $ 96.0 | $ 1.8 | $ 108.3 | 133 718 | Troop surge. |
| 2007 | $ 20.9 | $ 130.8 | $ 4.2 | $ 155.9 | 161 783 | Surge peaks. |
| 2008 | $ 47.5 | $ 143.9 | $ 5.4 | $ 196.8 | 148,500 | Kupera kunopera. |
| 2009 | $ 34.2 | $ 93.1 | $ 5.6 | $ 132.9 | 114,300 | Mapoka anobva mumaguta. |
| 2010 | $ 14.7 | $ 64.8 | $ 3.9 | $ 83.4 | 47 305 | Drawdown. |
| 2011 | $ 0.3 | $ 46.5 | $ 3.3 | $ 50.9 | 11 455 | Mapoka kunze. Vashambadziri vanoramba vachichengetedza US zvinodiwa. |
| 2012 | $ 2.2 | $ 20.3 | $ 2.3 | $ 24.8 | 0 | |
| 2013 | - $ 34.9 | $ 7.7 | $ 2.6 | - $ 24.6 | 0 | |
| 2014 | $ 0.8 | $ 4.8 | $ 2.0 | $ 7.6 | 0 | |
| 2015 | - $ 0.2 | $ 5.0 | $ 1.8 | $ 6.6 | Kusvikira kusvika 3 100 | Mapoka anodzoka kunodzidzisa Iraqi kurwisa boka reIslamic State |
| 2016 | $ 25.6 | na | $ 6.5 | $ 32.1 | Kusvikira ku087 | |
| TOTAL | $ 193.5 | $ 819.7 | $ 47.7 | $ 1,060.9 |
* Mabhoti paGround ndiyo nhamba yevarwi muIraq. Kubva muna 2003 - 2013 zvakafanana naDecember wegore iroro. 2014 inobva muna May. Kubva "Zvinotengeswa zveIraq, Afghanistan, uye Humwe Hondo Yenyika Yose pane Kutyisa Kubvira 9/11," Tafura A-1. Amy Belasco, Congressional Research Service, Gumiguru 29, 2014. 2015 ndeyechina chechina, uye 2016 inobva kune chikamu chechipiri. Kubva ku " Dhipatimendi reZvibvumirano neTroop Levels muIraq neAghanistan: 2007-2016 ," Gedhi 3. Heidi M. Peters, Congressional Research Service, August 15, 2016. OMB, Historical Tables)
Mari yeIraq kuVeterans
Iko mari chaiyo yehondo yeIraq inopfuura $ 1.06 trillion yakawedzerwa kune chikwereti. Chokutanga, uye chinonyanya kukosha, ndiyo mari inotakurwa ne4488 mauto eUS akafa, avo 32 226 vakakuvadzwa, uye mhuri dzavo.
Zvinopfuura 90 muzana yemasoja akakuvadzwa muIraq akaponeswa nekuda kwekuvandudzika mumishonga yehondo. Izvo zvinobva kune 86.5 muzana vakakuvadzwa avo vakapona muhondo yeVietnam. Izvo zvakanyanya kuponeswa zvinorevawo vazhinji zvino vanofanira kurarama nekukuvadza kwakakomba uye kwakakomba. Zvikamu makumi maviri kubva muzana vari kurapwa nokuda kweTraumatic Brain Injury. Imwe 20 muzana ine Post Traumatic Stress Disorder kana kuora mwoyo. Uyezve, 796 vakatambura nhengo huru, asi 235 vakafa kubva kune maronda avo pavakashumira muIraq.
Paavhareji, 20 veterans vanozviuraya zuva rimwe nerimwe maererano ne 2016 VA kudzidza. I Iraq neAustralia Veterans of America (IAVA) yakawana kuti 47 muzana yemapoka ayo aiziva nezveumwe munhu akaedza kuzviuraya mushure mokudzoka kubva kumabasa. Iboka rinofunga kuti kuzviuraya kwekare kune nhamba yaro imwechete. (Kubva: " Nhungamiro yehurumende yeUnited States Inoshushikana: Kushandiswa kweNew Dawn, Operation Iraqi Freedom, uye Operation Enduring Freedom ," Congressional Research Service, Hannah Fischer, February 19, 2014. "Veterans Group yekutanga Kuuraya Kuuraya," Washington Post , March 24, 2014.)
Mari yeveterans 'yekurapa uye yekuremara kwemakore makumi mana anotevera inopfuura $ 1 trillion. Ndizvo zvinotaurwa naLinda Bilmes, mudzidzisi mukuru mumari yehurumende yeHarvard yeKennedy School of Government. "Mari yekutarisira varwi vehondo inowedzera makore 30 kusvika ku40 kana kupfuura pashure pekupesana," Bilmes akati. (Kubva: " Mazano eHondo ," Watson Institute paBrown University, munaSeptember 2016. "Iraq Yenyika inorarama seChishanu-Inoshandiswa muAmerica Inopesana Inokwidza Dhaka reUnited States," BusinessWeek, January 3, 2012. "Mauto Ekupedzisira eUnited States Anobva kuIraq," Bloomberg , March 19, 2013).
Mutengo Woupfumi
Mhuri dzakawanda dzeAmerica dzakanga dzisinganzwisisi mari yehondo yeIraq panguva iyoyo. Chokutanga, kwakanga kusina kunyorwa sezvakange kuri muHondo yeVietnam kana Hondo Yenyika II. Chechipiri, kwakanga kusina mutero wowedzera. Somugumisiro, avo vakashanda uye mhuri dzavo vakatakura zvakashata. Vachabhadhara madhora mazana matatu emadhora mabhiriyoni emakumi emakore anotevera kuti vabhadhara kune avo vakakuvara vemhuri. Izvo hazvirevi kukanganisa mari inobva kumabasa vanorega kutarisira hama yavo.
Zvizvarwa zvinotevera zvichabhadharawo kuwedzera kune chikwereti. Mutsvakurudzi Ryan Edwards akafungidzira kuti United States yakawana mari inopfuura $ 453 mabhiriyoni muzvikwereti pane chikwereti chekubhadhara hondo dzeMiddle East. Pakazosvika makore makumi mana anotevera, izvi zvinodhura zvinowedzera $ 7.9 triliyoni kune chikwereti. (Mhedziso: "Zvinodhura zveHondo," Watson Institute, September 2016.)
Makambani, kunyanya mabhizimisi maduku, akavhiringidzirwa neNational Guard uye Reserve call-up.Upfumiwo wakabviswawo mupiro unobatsira wevanhu vanoshanda vakaurayiwa, vakakuvadzwa, kana kuti mupfungwa mupfungwa.
Panewo mari inobhadharwa mumabasa ekusikwa kwebasa . Mari imwe neimwe yemadhora mabhiriyoni 1 anoshandiswa pakuzvidzivirira inogadzira mabasa 8,555 uye inowedzera $ 565 mamiriyoni kuhupfumi. Izvo $ 1 bhiriyoni mumitengo yakabhadhara inokurudzira kuda kwakakwana kugadzira 10,779 mabasa. Izvozvo zvinokwana $ 505 mamiriyoni muhupfumi sekutengesa kwekutengesa . Izvo imwechete $ 1 bhiriyoni inoshandiswa padzidzo inowedzera $ 1.3 mabhiriyoni kuhupfumi uye inoita mabasa 17 687.
Zvinokonzera
Bhuku reBush Administration raida kubvisa hutsinye hwemagandanga wevatungamiri veIraq, Saddam Hussein. Akange asingabatanidzi ne al-Qaida. Asi aiva Sunni Muslim uyo akashandisa zvechisimba kuwedzera simba rake.
Saddam Hussein aiva mutungamiri weSunni weIraq kubva muna 1979 kusvika kuUnited States muna 2003. United States yakaisa mutungamiri kubva kune vakawanda veShiite. The Sunnis vanodavira kuti Shiites (avo vakawanda muIran) vanoda kudzorerazve kutonga kwePersia pamusoro peMiddle East. Iyi Sunni-Shia yakaparadzaniswa ndiyo inokonzera kupesana kwemakakatanwa munzvimbo. Sunni Saudi Arabia neShiite Iran hondo yekudzora Straits of Hormuz umo 20 muzana yemafuta epasi inopfuura.
IUnited States yaida kuisa hurumende yehurumende yeUnited States kuti igadzirise nzvimbo yacho. Rakafunga kuti raizoderedza kusabatana pakati peIranian Shiites neSaudi Arabia Sunnis. Izvo zvinogonawo kuisa kumanikidziro paMiddle East humwe humwe huti hubvumire humwe hutongi. Zvadaro vaizorega kuvhara al-Qaida nedzimwe mapoka emagandanga anopikisa US.
Pfungwa yekufambisa Hussein aityisidzira zvikuru kudarika mutongi weNorth Korea, Kim Jong-il. Aigona kubhadhara mari yehugandanga hwake nemari yemari. Zvikwata hazvina kumbowana padenga remakemikari, nyukliya, kana zvombo zvezvisikwa zvekuparadza kwakawanda. Asi paiva nekunyanya kunetseka kuti Hussein akanga achivaka iyo simba. Akanga ashandisa zvombo zvemakemikari kuKurds muIraq.
Vose mapato muCongress, uye vanhu makumi manomwe vevanhu veAmerica, vakatsigira hondo. Vakawanda vakafunga kuti tinofanira kunge takabvisa Hussein mukutanga Gulf War, mushure mokunge apinda muKaititi. Izvi zvakanyanya kuwedzera pashure pe 9/11. Mukuwedzera, Hondo muAfghanistan yakaparadza maTaliban nokukurumidza. Vatsigiri vaifunga kuti Hondo yeIraq yaizogadziriswa nyore nyore. (Chinyorwa: "Sei Takapinda muIraq?" National Review, March 26, 2013.)
Irak Mushure meHondo
Hondo yeIraq haina kupera kunyange zvazvo mauto eUnited States ari kunze. Kurwisana pakati peShiite yenyika zhinji uye Sunni vashoma vanoenderera mberi. Masikati anokanganiswa nehurumende inotungamirirwa neShiite. Izvi zvinokonzera kukanganisa kukakavara muSiria neRebhanoni zvakare.
Zvechokwadi, 2013 ndiyo yakafa zvikuru kubvira muna 2008, kureba kwehondo. Hondo yakanga yanyanyisa al-Qaida muIraq, Afghanistan, uye Pakistan. Asi kunetseka kwakagadzira hutsva hutsva hunotyisa. Sangano reIslamic State rakapikira nyika itsva ye Sunnis munharaunda yacho. Iko mari yekurwa neboka reIslamic State muIraq rakapararira kuSiriya, Jorodhani, neRebhanoni. Sangano reIslamic State rakatora hondo yayo kuBrussels, Paris, California, Berlin, uye dzimwe nzvimbo dzakawanda pasi rose. (Chinobva: "Chii chiri kuenderera mberi muIraq," CNN, yaJanuary 6, 2014. "Ichangopfuura ISIS Inopikisa," The New York Times, January 14, 2016.)