Ichokwadi Chaiyo Nzira Nzira Dzokuumba Maitiro Akawanda

by Kimberly Amadeo

Chii Chinoita Zvakanakisisa?

Chinangwa chemazano ese ekusika basa ndechekusimudzira hutano hwehupfumi huri nani . Economists vanobvumirana kuti kukura kwegore negore pakati pe2 ne3 muzana kunogara. Ichagadzira 150,000 mabasa pamwedzi inodiwa kushandiswa vashandi vatsva vanopinda mubasa.

Muhupfumi hwemashamba ehurumende , hurumende haifaniri kuita chinhu kana kukura kwave kwakanaka. Kubatana kwehurumende kunokurudzira mabhizimisi maduku kukurwisana, nokudaro nekugadzira nzira dzakanakisisa dzokusangana nevanoda. Nemhaka yeizvi, mabhizimisi maduku makumi maviri nemakumi mashanu emabasa ose matsva akasika. Basa rakakodzera rehurumende mune hupfumi huno hutano nderokupa nzvimbo inotsigira yekukura.

Kunyange zvakadaro hupfumi hwehutano hunozviisa pasi pemabhuru uye mabhasi ebhizimisi . Kana hupfumi huchibvumirana kupinda mumatambudziko, hurumende inofanira kusimbisa matambudziko ekushaiwa basa . Inogona kushandisa mazano emari ekuwedzera, mazano ekubhadhara mari kana kuti zvose kukurudzira basa kukura. Zvimwe zvinodhura zvakanyanya mukugadzira mabasa kune vamwe. Heanoi mana ayo anonyanya kupa b bang.

01 Deredza Nharaunda Dhiyo

Inyanzvi yemari yezvekuwedzera kune imwe nguva iyo bhenji guru, rakafanana neFederal Reserve, rinoshandisa zvishandiso zvaro kusimudzira hupfumi. Izvi zvinowanzoreva kuderedza mari yakadyiwa mari kuitira kuti kuwedzerwa mari inowanikwa . Chiito chacho chinowedzera kushaya mari , nokudaro kupa mabhengi mamwe mari ekukweretesa. Somugumisiro, kutora chikwereti uye zvimwe zvinodhaka zvinoderera. Nechikwereti chine mari shoma, vatengi vanogona kukwereta uye kushandisa mari yakawanda, vachibvumira mabhizimisi kuti awedzere kuti awane kuwedzera kwekudiwa. Makambani anoshandisa vashandi vakawanda, avo vanobhadhara mari, vachivabvumira kutengesa zvimwe.

Nhepfenyuro inogonawo kuwedzera mari yekupa mari kuburikidza nehuwandu hwekutengesa. Inoita chikwereti kunze kwemhepo ine tsvina kutenga US Treasurys, kuchengetwa kwemari yekuchengetwa kwemari uye mamwe mimwe chikwereti. IFid ine zvimwe zvakawanda zvishandiso , zvakadai sokuderedza federal reserve inodikanwa uye kuderedza chiyero pahwindo rekuderedza.

Izvi zvinofanira kuitwa kutanga apo kuderera kwava kusvika. Ndechokuti zvisarudzo zvinogona kuitwa nokukurumidza kuburikidza nesangano reSweden Open Market C komiti. Nhepfenyuro inogona kukurumidza kuisa mamiriyoni emadhora emari kuburikidza nekuita chikwereti chiripo pasina kuwedzera chikwereti cheU.S.

Iko kusakosha kukuru kweizvi ndechokuti inotsigirwa pamabhengi ekukweretesa. Iyo haisi kuisa zvakananga mari muhomwe dzevatengi. Inogona kutora mwedzi mitanhatu kana kupfuura kuti iwedzere kuda.

Icho hachishandi kamwechete apo dambudziko guru riri kuitika. Ndiko nokuti hapasi kuzova nehomwe yakawanda yezvikwereti. Kana vanhu vachifunga kuti varombo zvikuru kuti vasaite chikwereti, hazvibatsiri kuti kuderera kwechidhindo kwakadini.

Kana kuderera kuchienderera mberi, mabhenji haashuvi kukweretesa. Izvi ndezvekuti kukopa 'chikwereti chikoro chichiwa. Mabhanho haazove akada kuisa pangozi kutora chikwereti chakaipa.

Chimwe chirevo ndechokuti, kana kudarika, kuderedza mutemo wemari kunogona kukonzera kutengesa. Kuti zvidzivirire izvozvo kuti zvirege kuitika, bhanhire guru rinofanira kutanga kusimudza mitero nokukurumidza apo kuderera kwapera.

02 Shandisa Masangano Evanhu

Kuvaka migwagwa uye mabhiriji ndiyo nzira yakanakisisa yehurumende yekushandisa kuita mabasa. Mufananidzo: Allan Baxter / Gety Images

Yunivhesiti yeMassachusetts kuAmherst yekudzidza yakawana kuti zvose zvinoshandiswa nehurumende hazvisi zvisikwa zvakaenzana. Inonyanya kukosha iri kuvaka migwagwa, mabhiriji uye mamwe mabasa ehurumende. Bhiriyoni rimwe remadhora emari yakashandiswa pamabasa evanhu rakagadzira 19,975 mabasa.

Mabasa evanhu anogadzira mabasa nokuti inoita kuti vanhu vakwanise kushanda. Hurumende yehurumende inogona kukurumidzira kubhadhara zvivako zvekuvaka zvekare mumvumo yekugamuchirwa. Inogona kukwereta makontrakiti, kutumira mari kumatunhu kana kuhaya vashandi zvakananga. Ichi ndicho chikonzero chakaita kuti American Recovery and Reinvestment Act apedzisire Kubva Kudzoka muna 2009. Yakashandisa $ 87 mabhiriyoni mumishonga yekugadzira shangu-yakagadzirira.

(Kubva: "Maitiro Emabasa Edzimba uye Kudengesa Pamba Pokutanga", Yunivhesiti yeMassachusetts kuAmherst Dhipatimendi reEconomics uye Political Economy Research Institute, Gumiguru 2007.)

03 Shandisa Kubasa Kwemabasa

Yechipiri inonyanya kukosha-kugadzirisa nzira yekusabatsirana kwebasa. Mari yose ye $ 1 bhiriyoni yakashandiswa yakasikwa 19,000 mabasa.

Kuberekwa kwebasa kunobatsira mabasa akawanda nokuti vasingashandi vanofanira kupedza zvose zvakabatsirwa. Vanotenga zvinodiwa zvakadai sekutengesa, zvokupfeka uye dzimba pakarepo. Vatengesi nevagadziri vanopindura kune zvakanyanya kudiwa kuburikidza nekuhaya vashandi vakawanda kuti varambe varipo.

Izvi zvinobatsirawo kuchengetedza kusashanda kubva pakushaya. Zvakaoma kwavari kuti vawane basa kana vakarasikirwa nekero yakasimba.

Chechitatu chekushandisa mari yekugadzirisa inyanzvi ndedzidzo. Kune imwe neimwe $ 1 biriyoni yakapedzwa, yakagadzira 17 687 mabasa.

04 Dhabhadhare Mitero Mitero, Kunyanya neNew Hires

Mutero wemitero unoita mabasa nekurega mhuri kana mabhizinesi kuchengetedza mari yakawanda yavanowana. Pfungwa iyi ndeyokuti vatengi vachatenga zvinhu zvakawanda, nokudaro vachikurudzira kuda. Mabhizimisi anoshandisa mitero inotemerwa mari yekubhadhara vashandi vakawanda.

Zvose zvinokonzerwa nemitero hazvisi zvisikwa zvakaenzana kana zvasvika pakusikwa kwebasa kunyange zvakadaro. A Congressional Budget Ongororo yepahofisi yakawana kuti, somuenzaniso, kukonzerwa kwemitero yeBush kwakagadzira 4 600 mabasa ye $ 1 biliyoni mumutero unotangira mari.

Payroll tax cuts yakagadzirisa. Vakagadzira zviuru gumi nezviviri zvemabasa emari ye $ 1 bhiriyoni inoshandiswa. Ndiyokuti makambani anoshandisa mari yekubhadhara mune imwe yenzira ina. Vose zvavo vakawedzera kudiwa kwakakodzera kuendesa kukwidza basa kune zvikonzero zvina zvinotevera.

Deredza mutengo.
Wedzera mushandi wemari.
Tenga zvimwe zvinhu.
Hire vashandi vakawanda zvakananga.

Iyo yakanakisisa yaiva yemitero yebhadharo yakagurwa inopiwa chete nekuda kwemisha mibairo . Neyo, $ 1 bhiriyoni imwe neimwe yakagadzirwa 18,000 mabasa matsva. (Chinobva: "Economic Outlook neFiscal Policy Choices," CBO, September 28, 2010.)

Kuti udzidze zvakawanda nezvekuti sei vanhu vakawanda vachifarira kutengesa mitero sepamhando yakanakisisa yekusika basa, ona Supply-side Economics , Trickle-Down Economics uye Laffer Curve .

05 Ko Kudzvidzivirira Kwekudzivirira Hakusi Kuita Mabasa?

Apo vanhu vanofunga nezvenzira yakanakisisa yokuti hurumende iite mabasa, inofunga kufunga nezveHondo Yenyika II. Maererano neU Mass / Amherst yekudzidza, kushandiswa kwezvidziviriro kunogadzira mabasa 8,555 ne $ 1 bhiriyoni inoshandiswa.

Izvi zvinoshamisika vanhu vazhinji. Vakanzwa kuti New Deal yakakundikana. Hurumende yaida kuenderera mberi kweHondo Yenyika II uye kugumisa Kuwedzerwa Kukuru. Zvakanga zvine musoro kare panguva iyo iwe uchifunga kuti Hondo Yenyika II yakanga yakawanda zvikuru-kushanda-kudarika kudzvidzivirira kwemazuva ano. Iye zvino, zvakawanda zvinoshandiswa pamadrones, F-16s uye vatakuri vezvikwata kupfuura mari yevarwi vehondo. Chechipiri, kwakanga kusina kubatsirwa kwebasa munguva yekutambudzika kukuru, mutsara chete.

Kana uchida zvakawanda pamusoro pekugadzirisa basa rekushandisa mari yehurumende , ona Ichokwadi Mari Yehondo .

06 Pakushandisa Expansionary Fiscal Policy

Imwe mitemo yezvekuwedzera inoshandiswa inoshanda zvakanakisisa kana dambudziko rekudarika riri kuitika kana kuti rinova rakaoma. Mutero wemitero unobata mabasa nekuisa mari yakawanda zvakananga muhomwe yevatengi nemabhizimusi. Zvokushandisa zvinonzi "discretionary" zvinoumba mabasa nekupa vashandi zvakajeka, kutumira zvibvumirano kune mabhizimusi kuhaya vashandi kana kuwedzera rubatsiro rwekutonga hurumende kuitira kuti varege kurasa vashandi.

Chimwe chinhu chakaipa chematongerwo enyika ndechokuti veMatongerwo enyika havabvumi kuti kutyora mutero kana kuwedzerwa kwemari kunowedzera mari. Nhaurirano inoguma inogona kukanganisa chiito.

Rimwe dambudziko nderokuti rinogona kuwedzera kukanganisa kwebhajheji uye chikwereti cheU.S. Ndicho chikonzero Congress inofanira kuchera kushandisa mari kana kusimudza mitero kana kutengesa kwatopfuura.

07 Job Creation Statistics

Kana uchitarisa pamasikirwo ekusika kwebasa, zvakakosha kuyeuka kuti haasi mabasa ose akasika akaenzana. Kushandiswa kwehurumende pamabasa evanhu kunogadzira mabasa ekuvaka. Izvozvo zvichabudirira kugadzirisa uwandu hwemabasa . Izvo hazvingagadziri kudiwa kwakawanda sezvingaita kana nhamba imwechete yebhadharo yepamusoro-tech yakasikwa.

Zvechokwadi, mabasa akaumbwa mushure mokutora zvishoma kudarika kwave kwakonzera kuwedzera kwekusagamuchira mari . Izvi zvakaitika nokuti vashandi vakashandurwa vakashanda kutora mabasa aibhadhara zvishomanana. Iyo yepamusoro yevanhu venguva yakareba vasingashandi uye vasina basa muhutano huno zvinoreva kuti izvi zvinongoramba zvichienderera mberi. Kwemwedzi-ne-mwedzi yekusika kwemabasa kubva muna 2008, ona Employment Statistics .

08 Ndeipi Mutungamiri Akasika Basa Rakawanda?

Mutungamiri Bill Clinton akasika huwandu hwemabasa (21,5 mamiriyoni) panguva yake. Mutungamiri Barack Obama akauya muchipiri, achigadzira mamiriyoni 17.2 emabasa kubva pakutanga kwegore rake (January 2009) kusvikira pakupedzisira.

Asi Obama akasika mamiriyoni 22.3 emabasa kubva pane zvakaipisisa zvekuderera (munaJanuary 2010) kusvika kumagumo emagumo ake. Ndiko nokuti pane mamwe mabasa paakatanga. Kuwedzera kwepfuma kwakaramba kuripo mukati memwedzi mitanhatu yekutanga yezwi rake. Upfumi huri kuramba huchiita mabasa, kusvika kusvika pakaderera munaJanuary 2010.