Zvikonzero Zvishanu Nei Vashandi Vakaderedzwa uye Vasingadzokeri
LFPR Murairo
Heino nzira yekuverenga Hondo yeHurumende yeKubatanidzwa.
LFPR = Bashandi / Vashandi Vasiri Vasi Avo Vasati Vachigadzirirwa Vanhu
uko Labor Labor = Kubhadhara + Kusashanda
Kuti uverenge fomu yacho nenzira yakarurama, unofanira kutanga uchinzwisisa tsananguro dzepfungwa dzinotsanangurwa neBhood of Labor Statistics .
Iyo BLS ndiyo yehurumende yehurumende iyo inoshuma pamusoro pebasa revanhu uye kubatanidzwa kwaro kubatanidzwa mwedzi mumwe nomumwe mubhuku reMabasa . Heino ivo:
Vagari vehurumende Vasiri Vakuru vevanhu - Munhu wese anogara muUnited States ane makore 16 kana kupfuura MINUS ari musungwa semasangano akaita sejeri, misha yevanamukoti uye zvipatara zvepfungwa uye MINUS avo vari kushanda mubato rehondo.
Bhizimisi Bhizimusi - Munhu wese anotsanangurwa seanoshandira kana kusashanda.
Akashanda - Ani naani ane makore 16+ muvanhu vasiri vemuhurumende vasiri vesangano vakashanda muvhiki yapfuura. Izvozvo zvinoreva kuti vakashanda kweawa kana kupfuura sevashandi vanobhadhara kana maawa gumi nemashanu kana kupfuura sevashandi vasingabhadharwi mubhizinesi yemhuri kana purazi. Inosanganisirawo avo vaiva nemabasa kana mabhizinesi, asi havana kushanda vhiki iyoyo nokuti vakanga vari muzororo, varwere, vaiva pavanenge vachizvarwa kana kuti vachienda pamba, vachirohwa, vakanga vari mukurovedzwa, kana kuti vane imwe mhuri kana zvikonzero zvevanhu ivo vasina t tishande.
Hazvina mhosva kana yakabhadharwa nguva kana kuti kwete. Vashandi vese vaingoverengerwa kamwe chete, kunyange dai vakabata mabasa maviri kana kupfuura. Kuzvipira basa uye kushanda pedo neimba hakuna kuverenga.
Kusashanda - Vaya vane makore 16 kana kupfuura avo vakanga vasina kushanda, asi vaivepo nokuda kwebasa uye vachishingairira basa mukati memavhiki mana akapfuura.
Vanhu vaingova vakamirira kuti vadzokorwe kune rimwe basa ravakanga vamboiswa kunze vakaverengwa sevasina basa, kunyange dai vasina kutsvaka basa. Kusiyana nekutenda kwakakurumbira, hazvina chokuita nehuwandu hwevanhu vakakumbira kana kuti vanowana rubatsiro rwemabasa. Pane kudaro, chiyero ichi chinobva muongororo yeBSS. Heino zvakawanda pane tsanangudzo yekusashanda .
Vanhu vanoda kuda basa, asi vasina kuitsvaga mumwedzi wapfuura havaverengwi sevari mubasa revanhu zvisinei kuti vangada basa ripi. Ivo vanoverengwa muhuwandu hwevanhu, zvisinei.
Iyo BLS inochengetedza mazita avo. Inoshevedza vamwe vavo "zvakanamatirana nevebasa." Ava ndivo vanhu vakatarisa mugore rapfuura asi kwete mumwedzi wapfuura. Vangave vakave nemabasa ekuchikoro kana emhuri, hutano husina kunaka, kana matambudziko ekufambisa avo vakavadzivisa kutarisa munguva ichangopfuura.
Iyo BLS inoshevedza mamwe maitiro akabatanidzwa " vashandi vakaora mwoyo ." Izvi zvinoreva kuti vanotaura kuti vakasiya basa vachitsvaka basa nokuti havatendi kuti pane mabasa avo. Vamwe vakaora mwoyo nokuti havana chavanodzidza kuchikoro kana kudzidziswa. Vanonetseka kuti vashandi vanogona kufunga kuti ivo vaduku kana vakuru.
Vamwe vakatambudzwa. Ivo vanoverengwa muhuwandu hwekushaya mabasa .
Rimwe boka iro risina kubatanidzwa mubasa revadzidzi ndevadzidzi, vanoita zveimba, vanogara mujeri uye avo vari pasi pe16 vari kushanda. Ivo, zvisinei, vanoverengwa muhuwandu hwevanhu.
Current Rate
Heino maitiro ekuverenga mauto ekubatana kwevashandi muna March 2018.
| Nhamba (mumamiriyoni) | Percent | |
| Population (P) | 257.097 | |
| Kwete muHurumende yeVashandi | 95.334 | |
| Pakati pekubatanidzwa | 1.454 | |
| Kuora mwoyo | .450 | |
| Labor Force (LF) | 161.763 | 62.9% yeVanhu |
| Akashanda | 155.178 | 60.4% yeVanhu |
| Kusashanda | 6.585 | 4.1% yeBashandi |
Nhoroondo
Basa rekushanda kwevashandi rakakura pakati pa1948 kusvika kuma1900. Kubva muna1948 kusvika muna 1963, muyero wakaramba uri pasi pemakumi matanhatu kubva muzana. Asi purogiramu yacho yakadzika zvishoma nezvishoma sezvo vakadzi vakawanda vakapinda mubasa revanhu, vachiputsa 61 muzana mumavambo 1970.
Yakasimuka kusvika 63 kubva muzana muma1980 uye yakasvika nepamusoro pe 67.3 muzana muna 2000.
Imwe nguva yekutengesa kwenyika ye2001, LFPR yakawira 66 muzana. Izvo hazvina kubudirira mukati me "kusava nemabasa." Dambudziko rezvemari ra2008 rakatumira chikamu chekutora chikamu pasi pe 66%. Yakaramba ichiwa kubva ipapo. Pakazosvika gore raAugust 2015, rakasvika kusvika pasi pe 62.6 muzana.
Dombo iroro rinofanira kureva kuti kupa kwevashandi kuri kuwira. Vashomanana vashandi vanogona kukwanisa kutaurirana kuti vawane mari yakakwirira. Asi izvozvo hazvina kuitika. Pane kudaro, kusaenzana kwemari kunowedzera sepakati pemari inowanikwa mari . Vashandi vakanga vasingakwanisi kukwikwidza kana mabasa ainge abuda kunze . Vakatadzawo kukwikwidza nemabhoti. Mabhizimisi akawana mari yakawanda yekugadzirisa nzvimbo yekushandisa mari panzvimbo pokubhadhara vashandi vakawanda.
Zvikonzero Zvishanu Zveruzhinji LFPR Dzinosvika uye Hungasimuki
Hazvigoneki kuti kutora chikamu kunenge kuchidzoka kune chikamu che2000. Economists inopatsanurwa pamusoro pekuwanda kwekuderera kweLFPR kwekupedzisira kwakakonzerwa nekuderera. Inofanirwa kubva kubva pamapfumbamwe kusvika pamakumi mashanu kubva kune makumi mapfumbamwe kubva muzana. Kunyange kunyanya kuongororwa kunotaura kuti kuwedzera kwehurumende kwakamanikidza chikamu chetatu chevashandi kubva kunze kwebasa.
Vakawanda vevashandi vacho havana kudzoka kunyange kana rimwe basa rikava rakawanda. Heano zvikonzero zvishanu maererano nekutsvakurudza.
Hafu yekuderera kunokonzerwa nekukwegura kweAmerica, maererano neFeral Reserve Bank yeAtlanta. Iko kuchinja kwevanhu kuchinja kwevanhu kwakagadzirisa vashandi vasati vasvika. Sezvo vana bhoomers vanosvika pakurega basa, vanosiya basa revaranda. Havadi basa. Vamwe vanogara kumusha kuti vatarisire vabereki vanorwara kana vakaroorana, kana kuti vanoremekedzwa ivo pachavo. Sezvo vachimiririra chikamu chakadai chevanhu vazhinji, icho chichava nemigumisiro yakawanda pahuwandu hwekushanda kwevashandi. Ndicho chikonzero chikuru nei icho chisingazombofi chakadzokorora zvakare, zvisinei pasinei kuti simba rekutengeserana riri rakadini.
Chechipiri, 24 muzana yevasina basa vave vasina basa kwemwedzi mitanhatu kana kupfuura. Vane gumi chete muzana yevashandi ava venguva yakareba vanowana basa mwedzi mumwe nomumwe. Izvo zvakashungurudza zvokuti vazhinji vakaderera kunze kwebasa. Vangatadza kudzoka. Havana unyanzvi hwekuvandudza uye vashandirwi havasi kuda kutora mukana navo.
Chechitatu, mamiriyoni akasiyiwa mubasa raive pakati pemakore makumi maviri nemakumi mashanu nemashanu. Ndiyo makore ekutanga. Vamwe vakanga vari vadzidzi vakagara kuchikoro kwenguva refu. IAtlanta Fed inofungidzira kuti yakapa hutachiona hwema 0.5 muhuwandu hwekubatanidzwa. Vashomanana vevadzidzi ivavo vakashanda pavakanga vari kuchikoro. Asi ani naani asina kubhadhara mumakore avo ekutanga mari angasawana mukana wekuwanazve mabasa avo.
Pasinei nekuvandudza mikana yemabasa, vamwe vashandi vakwegura vakanga vasingakwanisi kudzokera kuvashandi. Izvozvo zvinonzi kushanda kwemabasa . Ndiko apo unyanzvi hwekuda-kuva vashandi hahufambidzani izvo vashandi vanoda. Sangano reStock Reserve Bank reKansas rakaona kuti kudiwa kwemabasa ane ruzivo rwakaperera pakati pe1996 ne2016. Mabasa ane ruzivo rwepakati pezvemitambo anosanganisira mabasa epanguva dzose ayo ari nyore kuita. Kuda kunowedzera kune vose vasina ruzivo rwebasa remabasa uye vane unyanzvi hwekutsvaga kana masimba ekuchengetedza. Zvose izvi zvakaoma kuchinja nemichina kana kombiyuta.
Yechina ndiko kushandiswa kwakawedzerwa kwemishonga yeopioid . Inenge hafu yezera remakore ekutanga kwete mubasa revanhu rinotora mishonga inorwadza zuva rega rega kuti irape zvirwere zvisingaperi. Zvikamu zviviri kubva muzvitatu zvavo ndezvokurapa mishonga. Chidzidzo cheYale purofesa Alan Krueger chinoratidza kuti izvi zvakakanganisa sei LFPR. Anofungidzira kuti, kubva muna 1999 kusvika muna 2015, 20 muzana yeRFPR inoderera nokuda kwevarume ava yakakonzerwa nehupi hwehupi. Chimwe chidzidzo chakawana kuti mamiriyoni evanhu vanhu vanoshandisa zvinodhaka zveapioid zvinodhaka. Ndiyo 0.5 muzana yevashandi. Izvo zvakakosha mari ye $ 44 biliyoni gore. Yakaderedza upfumi hwehupfumi ne 0.2%.
Chechipiri, ndiyo nhamba inowedzera yevanhu vanorwara kana kuti vakaremara kushanda. Somuenzaniso, 13,2 muzana yevaya vane makore 56 kusvika ku60 vanoti chikonzero chekusava mubasa. IAtlanta Fed yakawana kuti yakapa 0.6 muzana yekuderera kweLFPR. Uhu hwehutano hwakanga hwapamusoro kuMisissippi, Alabama, Kentucky, uye West Virginia. Zvirwere zviviri zvikurusa zvakanga zviri chirwere cheshuga uye kuwedzerwa kweropa.