Chokwadi Pamusoro Penguva ye1973 yeArabic Crisis
Kuongororwa kwenhoroondo yemitengo yemafuta kunoratidza kuti havana kumbove vakafanana kubva ipapo. Kubvira pakasununguka, OPEC yakaramba ichishandisa simba rayo yekugadzirisa mutengo wemafuta.
Nhasi, OPEC inodzora 42 muzana yemafuta epasi rose . Inodzorawo 61 kubva muzana yemafereji emafuta uye 80 muzana yemafungiro emafuta anonzwisisika .
Zvinokonzera
Muna 1971, Mutungamiri Nixon akakurudzira hurumende paakasarudza kutora United States kubva kune imwe yegoridhe . Somugumisiro, nyika dzakange dzisingachagoni kudzikinura madhora eUnited States muzvidzidzo zvekunze kwekunze kwegoridhe. Nechiito ichi, Nixon akapikisana neChirongwa cheBretton Woods cha1944. Kutama kwake kwakatumira mutengo wekukwira kwegoridhe . Nhoroondo yehutenderedzwa yegoridhe inoratidza izvi zvakanga zvisingaitiki. Asi zvakaitwa naNixon zvakangoerekana zvisingatarisirwi uye zvisingatarisirwi zvekuti zvakatumirawo kukosha kwedhora pasi.
Kuwedzerwa kwekuderera kwedhora kunokuvadza nyika OPEC. Zvibvumirano zvavo zve mafuta zvaive zvakatengeswa mumadhora eU.S. Izvozvo zvaireva kuti mari yavo yakawira pamwe nedhora. Mari yekutengeswa iyo yakarongedzerwa mune dzimwe mari yakaramba yakafanana kana yakasimuka. OPEC yaifunga nezvemafuta emari mugoridhe, panzvimbo yemadhora, kuchengetedza mari kubva pakupera.
KwaOOPEC, uswa hwekupedzisira hwakasvika apo United States yakatsigira Israeri kurwisana neEgypt muYom Kippur War. Musi waOctober 19, 1973, Nixon yakakumbira $ 2.2 mabhiriyoni kubva kuCongress mune rubatsiro rwemauto ehurumende yeIsrael. Nhengo dzeArabhu dzeOOPEC dzakapindura kuburikidza nekugadzirisa kutengeswa kwemafuta kuUnited States nevamwe vese vemuIsraeli.
Ijipiti, Siria, neIsrael vakataura chivimbiso musi waOctober 25, 1973. Asi OPEC yakaramba ichienderera mberi kusvika munaMarch 1974. Panguva iyoyo, mutengo wemafuta wakanga wakasimuka kubva pa $ 2.90 / mbiya kusvika $ 11.65 / murongo.
Migumisiro
Mafuta embargo anowanzopomerwa mhosva yekukonzera 1973-1975 kutengesa kwenyika. Asi hurumende dzehurumende dzeUnited States dzakakonzera kukanganisa nekudengenyeka kwaienderana nayo. Vaisanganisira muchengeti weNigon-mubhadharo wekutengesa uye Federal Federal's -go go policy policy . Mutengo-kutengesa kwekutengesa kukamanikidzwa kwemakambani kuchengetedza misha yepamusoro, izvo zvinoreva kuti mabhizinesi akaisa vashandi kuti vaderedze mari. Panguva imwecheteyo, havana kukwanisa kuderedza mitengo kuti vaite chido . Yakanga yawa apo vanhu vakarasa mabasa avo.
Kuita kuti zvinhu zviwedzere kuipa, iyo Fed yakasimudza uye yakaderedza chido chezvibereko kakawanda apo mabhizimisi aisakwanisa kuronga zvemangwana. Somugumisiro, makambani akachengetedza mitengo yakakwirira yakanyanya kuwedzera. Vakanga vachitya kubhadhara vashandi vatsva, vachiwedzera kuwedzera kwemari. Asi Fed vakuru vakadzidza chidzidzo ichi kubva munhoroondo yekusunungurwa kweUnited States . Kubva panguva iyo, ivo vakaramba vachiita zvavanoita. Zvinonyanya kukosha, zvinonyatsoratidza zviratidzo zvavo zvakanaka mberi kwenguva.
Mafuta emafuta anowedzera kuwedzera kwezvinhu, atova pa10 muzana kune zvimwe zvezvinhu, nekusimudza mutengo wemafuta.
Yakasvika panguva yakaoma yehupfumi hweUnited States. Vashandi vekumba mumisha vakanga vachimhanya zvakakwana. Havana kukwanisa kubereka mafuta akawanda kuti aite slack. Uyezve, kubudisa mairi eUnited States kwakange kwarashika sezana rezvepasi rose.
Yakawedzerawo kuderedza hupfumi kuburikidza nekuzunza vatengi kuvimba. Vanhu vakamanikidzwa kuchinja tsika, zvichiita kuti inzwe sechinetso icho hurumende yakaedza kubudirira kugadzirisa. Kushayikwa kwechivimbo kwakaita kuti vanhu vapedze zvishoma.
Semuenzaniso, vatyairi vakamanikidzwa kumirira mumiganhu yaigara ichikomberedza dombo. Vakamuka mangwanani-ngwanani kana vakamirira kusvikira manheru kuti vasaita mitsetse. Zvivako zvegasi zvakapa zviratidzo-coded zviratidzo: gorosi apo gasi raiwanika, rakatsvuka kana rakarongwa, uye rakatsvuka kana rainge raenda. Nyika dzakatadza kusinganzwisisiki-kunyange kuratidzira: vatyairi vane mapepa mapepa anoguma nenhamba dzisinganzwisisiki vanogona kuwana gasi pamasikati asina kuverengwa.
Iyo nyika yenhanho yemiganhu yakaderedzwa kusvika makiromita makumi mashanu paawa kuchengetedza gasi. Muna 1974, nguva yekuchengetedza masikati yakatanga gore rose.
Uyezve, mitengo yakakwirira yegesi yaireva kuti vatengi vaiva nemari shoma yekushandisa pane zvimwe zvinhu nemasangano. Izvi zvakaderedza kuda, kuwedzera kuwedzera kwekuderera.
Mafuta embargo akapa OPEC simba idzva rokuzadzisa chinangwa chekugadzirisa mafuta epasi rese uye kuchengetedza mitengo yakasimba. Nokusimudza nekuderedza kugovera, OPEC inoedza kuchengetedza mutengo uri pakati pe $ 70- $ 80 pamubhairi. Muzasi kune izvozvo, uye vari kutengesa zvinhu zvavo zvekupedzisira zvakashata. Yakakwirira kudarika iyo, uye kukura kwemafuta e- shale inoita seyakanaka.
IUnited States yakasika Strategic Petroleum Reserve , kuti ipe mazuva makumi mapfumbamwe emafuta emafuta kana pane imwe embargo.