Chii Chinonzi Mvura Yokurasikirwa Kwemunyu?

Mvura Yokunwa Kwemvura Yomunyu Inomira Pakati Pemvura Yedu Inonwa uye Inokuvadza Dambudziko

Iko kushandiswa kwemafuta uye gesi kunogadzira "mvura yemunyu," iyo inonzi inosvibisa tsvina nekuda kwehuwandu hwayo munyu, mahydrocarboni, nemabhizimisi emakwenzi. Hydraulic fracturing yemafuta emhepo yakawanda anobudisa mamirioni emakironi emvura ino emunyu, inozivikanwawo se "mvura yakabudiswa" kana "oilfield brine." Mvura inounza mafuta uye gasi kune pasi pano uko kusvibiswa kunokonzerwa nemakemikari, zvichiguma nemvura yakasara iyo inofanirwa kuraswa yakachengeteka.

Makambani anogona kugadzirisa mvura, kuidyiramo zvakare kumashandisi ekugadzirisa kuitira kushandiswa mukuunganidza mamwe mafuta asara kana gasi, kana kuti vanogona kurasa pane imwe nzvimbo yemvura inodikanwa. Kushandiswa kwemasimba ekuderedzwa kwepamusoro-soro kunogona kuva nharo inopesana nekuda kwekukwanisa kusvibiswa kwemvura pasi uye kudengenyeka kwepasi kuduku.

Mvura yeMvura yeMunyu Zvakanaka Kuvaka

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) inorondedzera mvura yakasvibiswa nemvura yakasviba "sechinhu chinoputika, chinoputika, kana chinotungirirwa chine hurefu hwakakura pane hukuru hwepamusoro-soro; sinkhole inovandudzwa; kana, subsurface fluid distribution system. " Yakashandiswa zvakanyanya kubva kuma1930, mvura yemvura inoisa mvura inonaya mvura kuitira kuti irege kusvibisa nyika kana mvura. Pakutanga, mvura yemunyu yakanga yakazara mumvura, asi yakatorwa mumatsime akadzika kubvira kuma1950.

Idzo dzimba dzakasimba dzakagadzirirwa kuchengetedza zvakatipoteredza migumisiro yegesi neyekugadzirwa kwemafuta, uye humwe hurumende inogadza mitemo yayo patsime remvura yemunyu pamwe chete.

IEPA inoda kuti matsime akafanirwa kubvisa carbon dioxide kana mamwe matambudziko anokonzera anofanira kuvakwa nematatu akawanda.

Nzira yekutanga yekunze inowedzera zvakadzika muvhu sezvinodiwa kuchengetedza nzvimbo pasi. Inowanzovakwa neyimbi yesimbi uye simenti. Imwe nhepfenyuro inosanganisa mutsime wose, uye chetatu inopinza chipinjo chejojo. Iyi mitatu yakatarisa zvinoreva kuti zvese zvitatu zvinodzivirira zvinofanira kuchengetedzwa vasati vasvibiswa nemvura yakadzika pasi. IEPA inoratidzira matsime ose emvura emunyu muzvikamu zvakasiyana zvakasiyana siyana zvichienderana nekuvakwa kwavo uye maitiro avo ekushanda.

Maitiro ekurasikirwa kwemvura yeMunyu

Mvura yemunyu inowanzobviswa kubva pamatsime kuenda kune zvakasikwa pasi pevhu zvakasimbiswa mukati medombo risingawaniki kuitira kuti mvura yemunyu isapukunyuka kupinda muvhu rakapoteredza uye pasi pemvura. Aya maitiro akawanzodzika pasi pasi pevhu yevhu uye anoumbwa nemarara kana sandstone. The Environmental Protection Agency inotarisa maziso aya emvura emunyu uye haisi basa rakaoma. Zvinopfuura 50,000 nzvimbo dzakanaka dziripo muTexas chete.

Hurumende imwe neimwe uye hurumende dzedzinza dzinogona kukumbira "chibvumirano" kana kodzero uye mutoro wekusimbisa mitemo iri pasi pemitemo yavo kana vakasangana nehurumende yeUIC inoda. Kubva munaOctober 2015, 33 inotaura uye nharaunda nhatu dzakakwanisa kugadzirisa matambudziko EPA inodzora matsime emvura emunyu kuburikidza nemahofisi ayo emunharaunda mune dzimwe nyika gumi uye kumarudzi akawanda, pamwe chete neDunhu reColumbia uye ndima mbiri dzeUnited States.

Inobatanidzwa basa rekusimbisa nekugadzirisa masangano emunharaunda manomwe.

Mutemo Wemvura Wokunwa Wakachengeteka, wakapfuura muna 1974, unoda kuti EPA ichengetedze hurumende zvido zvekuita kwekudzikisa mvura yemunyu uye kugara uchitaura pamusoro pavo kuCongress .