Chii Chaiva Chaicho Chaicho?
Kutarisana nemafuta akavhara mafuta akauraya makumi mapfumbamwe eagle, mabhiza makumi matatu nemazana matatu, zviuru zvitatu zvemahombekombe egungwa, uye mabhiriyoni 250 000 mukati memazuva mashoma. Vanhu vana vakafa sechikamu chekuchenesa.
Kunyangwe chaingova 34th yakaipisisa mafuta inopera munhoroondo, zvakakanganisika pamhenderekedzo ye Alaska yakaita dambudziko guru renyika rakasikwa kubva kuTree Mile Island .
Migumisiro kuAlaska
Hove dzebhinzi, sairy, crab, shrimp, rockfish, uye sablefish zvakavharwa. Imwe shrimp uye salmon yekutengeserana kwekutengesa yakaramba yakavharwa kusvika muna 1990. Herring uye salmon yemarudzi hazvina kuzodzoka zvakakwana. Nzvimbo yebhizimisi yekuredza hove inobva kune iyo haina. Vanhu vanopfuura 2 000 veku Alaska Native America uye 13,000 vamwe vanobvumirwa kuti vashandise mvumo yekurasikirwa vakarasikirwa nemuviri wezvokudya zvavo. Izvi zvinopfuurira nanhasi, sezvo vazhinji vanotya kuve nechepfu nehove dzakasvibiswa.
Indasitiri yekushanyirwa yakarasikirwa nemabasa anopfuura 26 000 uye inodarika $ 2.4 biliyoni mukutengesa. Pakazosvika 2003, yakanga yatora zvimwe. Maererano neNational Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, kushandiswa kwechisimba kunodhura nyika $ 2.8 mabhiriyoni. Izvo hazvina kumbobvira zvadzoka zvakakwana sezvo vaenzi vemazuva ano vachiri kufunga nezvenzvimbo yakasvibiswa.
Maitiro Ezvoupfumi eWallife Kurasikirwa
Wildlife value inotarwa nemari yekuwana kana kugadzirisa . Somuenzaniso, zvikwata zvemhuka zvinobhadhara mari inosvika $ 50,000 madhora kutora otter. Mutengo wekurasika 2 800 zvezvipembenene izvi zvinopera simba ndeye $ 140 mamiriyoni. Exxon yakabhadhara pakati pe $ 40,000- $ 90,000 kuti iite zvakare, kusimbisa hutori hunokosha.
Harara seals inosvika $ 20,000, saka kurasika 302 kunosvika $ 604,000. Nyama zhinji dzegungwa dzinodhura madhora mazana matatu ega ega, saka kurasikirwa ne 250,000 kunodhura $ 75 mamiriyoni. Egles inodhura madhora makumi maviri nemazana makumi maviri nemazana matanhatu kuti dzigadzirise, saka 140 inokwana $ 3 mamiriyoni. Mari yose yezvipenyu zvina izvi muvhiki yekutanga yaiva $ 218.6 mamiriyoni.
Anenge makore makumi matatu mushure mokuputika, anenge mahekita makumi maviri eWilliam William Sound shoreline achiri kusvibiswa ne 21,000 galoni emafuta. Zvinoshamisa kuti mafuta acho akaita sehuteksi sezvazvakanga zvakaita mushure mokunge uchinge wapera. Icho chinoputika kwete zvinopfuura 4 muzana pagore. Zvinogona kutora mazana emakore kuti zvibvise zvachose. Zvine zvisikwa zvisati zvadzoka, kusanganisira 36-nhengo pod yewaini inouraya yakarasikirwa nhengo 14. Kusvikira zvese zvisikwa zvikadzoka, hupfumi hunobva kune avo hahugoni kudzoka zvakakwana, kana.
Kuchenesa-kukwana mari
Exxon akapedza kudarika $ 3.8 mabhiriyoni kuti achenese nzvimbo yacho, achibhadhara 11 000 vagari vemo, uye kuripa mari. Asi zvinogona kuva $ 4.5 mabhiriyoni akawanda. Dare reAlaska rakarayira Exxon kubhadhara madhora madhora mabhiriyoni mashanu mukutonga mhosva muna 1994. Pashure pemakore gumi nematanhatu ekupomerwa mhosva uye kuteterera, Dare Repamusorosoro reUnited States rakatonga kuti Exxon chete aifanira kukwereta $ 507.5 mamiriyoni. Iko kwaingova maawa gumi nemazana maviri emari yekambani yemafuta makuru.
Exxon Spill Yakakonzerwa Nomukuru Waro
Dambudziko reExx Valdez rakakonzerwa nokuregererwa kwevakuru vavo, Joseph Hazelwood.
Akasunungurwa pamhosva dzisina mhosva. Akatongerwa mhosva yekusateerera kwekuregererwa kwemafuta, iyo yaaiita mabasa emunharaunda.
Hazelwood akanga achinwa masikati asi haana kuonekwa akadhakwa paakakwira chikepe usiku ihwohwo. Akaputsa purogiramu yekambani nekusava pabhiriji panguva yekutenderera kweValdez Narrows. Pane kudaro, yakatungamirirwa neTatu Mate Gregory Cousins. Akanga achishanda kwemaawa gumi nemana asati apera uye angave asina kukanganisa nekutya. Somugumisiro, akafambisa ngarava kubva panzira kuti irege kuvhara. Haana kururamisa munguva yekudzivisa kumira paBligh Reef.