Nzira yeGeorge Inochengetedza sei US Economy Humming
Imari ndiyo mari, chikwereti, nemamwe marudzi ekubhadhara mari inovaka upfumi. Vanhu vanoshandisa iyo kuisa mari. Vanogona kubhadhara chikwereti pamusha, kana kuti kugadzira chikwereti cheporeti yekusunungurwa.
Mune mari yezvemari, guru ndiro chimwe chezvinhu zvina zvekugadzira zvinotengesa kushandiswa . Zvimwe zvitatu zvakasikwa (zvinhu zvakasikwa), basa (nhamba yevashandi), uye kushandiswa kwebhizimusi (iyo inotambira kubatsiro kubva kune innovation).
Imari yekutengesa inowanzopa izvozvi zvikamu zvekutengeserana kusangana zvinodiwa kubva kune vatengi.
Muzvinyorwa zvemabhizimisi, mari inoshandiswa nekambani mumabhizimisi avo. Izvozvo zvinoreva kuti havagoni kuzvishandisa ikozvino kuzvipa ivo kumutsa, kuwedzera zvikamu, kana kuti zviduku zvinodhura. Vanofanira kuishandisa kuti zvive nezvibereko zvakakura munguva yemberi. Bhizimisi rinoshandisa ruzivo rwekushandura pachake kuva chimwe chinhu chinobatsira.
Guta guru rinowanzoreva mari yemari kana upfumi. Asi nharaunda dzinokoshesawo ruzivo rwevanhu , kana unyanzvi uye mano evanhu vavo. Mhuri yehupfumi ndiyo kukosha kwenhare yevanhu.
Izwi izwi rinobva kuLatin capitalis rinoreva mutungamiriri. Iyo inobvawo kune capit, maines inotora uye caput, zvinoreva musoro.
Mhando dzeBusiness Capital
Mubhizimisi, pane zvitatu zvemhando . Yokutanga chikwereti. Makambani anowana mari ikozvino iyo iwe unobhadhara nemari. Pakutanga, vatengesi vakawanda vanokwereta kubva kumhuri kana makadhi avo emakadhi.
Pane imwe nguva vane ruzivo rwekutambira, vanogona kuwana zvikwereti zvebhangi uye rubatsiro rwehurumende rwehurumende kubva kuBusiness Business Administration. Sezvo mabhizimisi aya achienderera mberi kukura, anova akakwana zvakakwana kuti abudise mumwe munhu zvisungo kuvarimi. Kubudirira kwechikwereti ndechokuti vatenzi haafaniri kugovana zvikwereti.
Izvo zvisingabatsiri ndezvekuti vanofanira kubhadhara chikwereti kunyange kana bhizinesi richikundikana.
Rudzi rwechipiri rwehutano hwakafanana. Vashandi vanopa mari ikozvino kwechikamu chezvibereko gare gare. Vazhinji vevatengesi vanoshandisa mari yavo pachavo kuti vatange. Vanoisa hutano hwavo pachavo mubhizimisi mune tariro yekugamuchira 100 muzana yekudzoka gare gare. Kana ikambani inobatsira, havadi kushandisa imwe mari inoyerera ikozvino, uye panzvimbo iyo inoiisa iyo mubhizinesi.
Simba rakakura rinowana kuenzana kubva kune vakaroorana, vashandi vanoita mari, kana vatengi vatengi. Izvi zvinofanira kukanganisa zvimwe, uye uhu, hwebhizimisi mukutsinhanisa mari.
Kamwe kambani ikava yakakura zvikuru uye ichibudirira, inogona kuwana mari yakawanda kubva pakubvisa mashizha . Izvi zvinonzi chirongwa chekutanga chepachena . Zvinoreva kuti mutengesi chero ipi zvayo anogona kutenga mari yekambani.
Rudzi rwechitatu rwehutano ruzivo runokosha. Iko mari yakawedzerwa inopera inobva pakugadzirisa basa rekambani iri nani. Vendor financing ndeye apo vatengesi vekambani vanoda kugamuchira kutengesa kubhadhara kwezvinhu zvavo kana mabasa. Sangano rekugovera mari rinoita sekubhadhara chikwereti chezuva kune mabhizinesi. Mabhangi anokweretesa kambani yacho mari yekutengesa (kusasiya mari), uye bvuma kubhadhara apo invoice inobhadharwa.
Vashandi vezvemari yekambani vanogonawo kugadzira mari yakawanda kuburikidza nekutsvaga mari nekuchenjera.
Capital Structure
Iko kambani inogadzira uye inochengetedza nheyo yayo inozivikanwa seyo hutungamiri hwayo. Mazhinji makambani ehurumende anoshandisa kusanganiswa kwekwereti, kuburikidza nezvisungo, uye kuenzana, kuburikidza nemhando dzakasiyana dzemaoko. Vaongorori vazhinji vanoshandisa mazano akareruka, chikwereti-ku-equity ratio, kuti vaone kuti ikambani ikasimba kambani. Makambani ane chiyero che50% kana kupfuura ane chikwereti chikuru kudarika kuenzana. Vatsoropodzi vanofunga kuti ivo vanoremekedzwa zvikuru uye naizvozvo riskier.
Capital Markets
Kuwana nyore kugadziriswa kwave kuri imwe yevanonyanya kukosha ekubudirira kwehupfumi hweUnited States. America ine misika yemari yakawanda kwazvo yepasi pose . Kujekesa kwemashamba emabhizimisi eUnited States kunobvumira vashandi kuti vawane ruzivo rwezvino-zuva-zvezvinhu zvose zvekambani dzavanogona kushandisa.
Wall Street inokwezva vashandi vane tarenda uye inokwanisa kuwana teknolojia yakasimba zvikuru munyika. Izvi zvinobvumira mabhanga eUnited States kutonga mabhiriyoni emadhora mukutengesa kunoitika kwose kwose pasi rose. Inogonesawo mabhengi aya kupa chero nhamba ipi zvayo yakawanda yakaoma kuti ipe ruzivo rwakatarisana nezvengozi. Iyi inobatsira inoshamisa inobatsira inobatsira zvakasiyana siyana zvakaoma kune dzimwe nyika kushandiswa kwekutengeserana pamadhura akaderera. (Zvinyorwa: "Guta guru," Mharidzo yekutanga yeCritical Theory, Purdue Yunivhesiti, January 31, 2011. " Is Social Capital Zvechokwadi Inzvimbo Dzakawanda Here? " Ongororo yeSocial Economy, November 2000.)