Mikana Yakanakisisa Yakasanganiswa Simba, Kuyera, uye Utariri
Kazhinji, pane zvinhu zvitatu zvaunofanira kunge uchitarisa usati wazvitenga mumwe munhu .
1. Zvakanaka Zvikwereti Zvokutenga Zvigaro Zvakasimba Mari Dhepfenyuro Kubva pakutengesa Real Products uye Services kune Vatengi vechokwadi
Chimwe chikamu chemotokari chinomiririra chikamu chehudziro mubhizinesi. Parikati yayo, ndizvo zvinotengeswa ndezvekuti: Kutenga kuenzana mune zvinhu zvinobudirira kuitira kuti unakidzwe nehupfumi hunoumbwa nemabhizimisi. Sezvo zvakadaro, chimiro chakasimba, nekutsanangura, ine bhadha rakasimba, rekutora mari , uye mari inoyerera zvinyorwa zvinoratidza kuti bhizinesi iri kuunza mari chaiye nokutengesa zvigadzirwa kana mabasa; kwete tariro, kwete hupenyu huri mberi, kwete imwe nyaya yekuchinja. Iyo inogona kukonzera mhepo yegore-1-600, yakadai seHokuderera Kukuru.
Pashure pezvose, hazviiti zvakawanda kana iwe uine kambani iyo imba yemakadhi; iyo mapanga uye inowira kokutanga iyo inobata chero chipi zvacho chinokosha macroeconomic stress.
Murimi ane nzara, Benjamin Graham akambotaura mumabhuku ake kuti iyi nheyo ndiyo inonyanya kutyorwa nevashambadziri vasina ruzivo. Yakanyungudzwa muhana yenhema yekuchengeteka kana nguva dzakanaka, dzinotenga chechipiri uye yechitatu yemabhizimisi mashizha pahuwandu hwezvinhu zvakakwana, zvino tarisa kuti irege kuparara apo dutu rehupenyu rinosvika.
Dutu richauya. Iwe unofanirwa kuva wakagadzirira ivo.
Pamusoro uye kunze kweizvi, unoda simba rezvemari kuti rirambe rakasimba. Iwe unoda michina isingashanduri kazhinji. Iwe unoda zvipingamupinyi kupinda kupinda. Iwe unoda zvinokwikwidzana mune maitiro ezvokuchengetedza trademark uye zvikwangwani zvekodzero. Iwe unoda geographic monopolies. Iwe unoda izvo Warren Buffett akadana "moats".
Mukuremekedza iyi, Dr. Jeremy Siegel paWharton Bhizinesi Chikoro akawana imwe yezvidzidzo zvekudzidza kwenguva yakareba yemiganhu yemakethe, zvichiratidza kuti kusvitsa kunowanzobatsira zvikuru nguva dzose ; kuti zvikwereti zvakanaka zvekutenga hazviwanzovi mari yekutsvaga mari kune munhu wese ari kudzingirira, asi panzvimbo iyo, yakasimba, makambani ezvebhuruu anotengesa zvinhu zvakadai semagunwe, marashi, cola, bleach, chocolate, candy, cookies, jam, peanut butter, coffee, ice cream, cheeseburgers, inshuwarisi, jet injini, fodya, uye doro.
Mune mamwe mazwi, pasinei nokubudirira kwepamusoro-soro, mabhizimisi anofadza akadai saMicrosoft, izvo zvakaita kuti varimi varo vanyatsove vakapfuma mumakumi emakore achitevera IPO yavo, mari zhinji yakawanikwa nevhizimisi vebhizimisi inogadzirwa neprosaic. Haisi iyo inotyisa yekambani inoburitsa zvigaro zvitsva, ndiye munhu uyo mari inodhura yakaenzana nekambani yakadai sePepsi, kana mhuri yaigara ichipa zvikamu zveKoca-Cola, ichiipfuurira pasi kuburikidza nezvizvarwa, ichichinja mugove mumwe chete unodhura madhora makumi mana mune zvimwe kupfuura $ 10,000,000 .
Nzvimbo dzakanaka dzekutenga, kuisa nenzira imwe, hazvizokugadziri iwe gore rino. Kana gore rinotevera. Kana mumakore matatu. Vachaita kuti mhuri yenyu iwane yakawanda kwemakore akawanda, kunyange makumi emakore, kusungira simba rinoshamisa rekuwedzera kwechido .
2. Zvinhu Zvakachengeterwa Kuzvitenga Zvinofanira Kuwanika pazvinhu zvinonzwisisika
Fungidzira iwe une $ 100,000 mukuchengetedza. Iwe unopiwa sarudzo. Unogona kutenga:
- Chikamu chekutengeserana mumutengesi mukuru wepasi pose, achizvirumbidza muhomwe yezvibereko zve 2.54% mushure mekuteresa. Bhizimisi racho, kana rakabudirira, rakakura kwazvo richava nenguva yakaoma kwazvo kukura purofiti nokukurumidza sezvo pane imwe nzvimbo mune imwe musha mutaundi uye backwoods kona munyika.
- Simba rekutonga rinotsigirwa nesimba rose rekutengesa rehurumende yeUnited States, richipa 5.49%. Izvi zvinomiririra 116% + zvakapfuma kune iwe, mubhadhari. Kunyange zvazvo chidimbu chechikwata chisingaregi kukura kupfuura nguva, hutano huchapedzisira hwakakura uye iwe unogona kuisa mari yacho kune chimwe chinhu. Panguva iyi, iwe unogona kuisa iyo 5.49% mune zvimwe zvinhu kana uchida.
Izvi chaizvoizvo vashandi vanosarudzwa vanowanikwa makore anenge 15 akapfuura apo kutenga zvigadzirwa muWal-Mart Stores, Inc. Wal-Mart ibhizimusi rinoshamisa. Ndiyo tsanangudzo chaiyo yezvigadzirwa zvekutengesa, zvayakaita mamioneire asingaverengeki kwemakumi emakumi emakore kubva mumatare ezvitoro zvingatora mabhiriyoni emabhiriyoni emadhora mumari inoshandiswa kudhura.
Gore rakapera, iro rakashambadzira riine chikamu chechipiri chekugoverana kwegore negore (rine 42nd inotarisirwa zuva ripi neripi), vadzidzisi vanopa mubayiro vane mari yakawanda. Parizvino maitiro akasiyana-siyana, Wal-Mart akabhadhara chikamu chemari inokwana $ 0,05 muzana muna 1974. Gore rakapera, chikamu ichocho chakabhadhara madhora 1.92.
Iko kunomiririra inenge 10% yegore yekukura kwehuwandu, kuputsika kwekutengesa uye mitero. Pasinei nezvikomborero izvi, kunyange ikambani iyi inofadza haigoni kupukunyuka iyo iyo mutengo inokosha . Apo vashandi vanowedzera kusava nemafungiro, ngazvive pamusoro pematengo ematengo kana ma bulb tulip, zvinhu zvinotyisa zvinoitika.
Kudai wakatenga zvigaro pamusana wekutengesa, iwe ungadai wakafanirwa kumirira kwenguva yakareba - mazhinji, makore mazhinji, chaizvoizvo - kuti kuwedzera kwekutsvaga kupisa. Pamusoro pekukwira, panezve nharo yokuti kuwana zvinhu zvinotenga kutenga zvakakosha kana nguva yako yakatarisa iri 10+ makore. Muchiitiko ichi, mutengesi wekutengesa yakanga iri yekambani inoshamisa, kuti, nezvikwereti (uye pasina kutorazve ), iwe wakaguma uchienzanisa neusvika 5.8%, uchirova chikwereti cheMari.
Izvozvakaitika kune avo vanonzi Nifty 50 mashizha kumashure kwema1960. Kwemakore gumi pashure pacho, muridzi wemabhizimisi aya akawandisa-asi-akakurumbira akatambura kurasikirwa kwakaipisisa maererano nematombo makuru emisika. Mumakore makumi matatu nemakumi matatu, ivo vakanga varova S & P 500 uye Dow Jones Industrial Average kunyange nezvimwe zvikwereti zvakakura mumugwagwa, zvose nokuti makambani akange aripo akanga ari makero asingagoneki ekugadzira mari.
3. Zvakanaka Zvokutenga Zvokutengesa Zvinotungamirwa Nesimba-Vatungamiri Vane Shamwari
Kupfuura makore gumi apfuura, ndakanyora nyaya inonzi 7 Zviratidzo zveShareholder Friendly Management . Zvishoma zvakashanduka kubva panguva iyoyo. Paunoisa mari yako kune mumwe munhu, zvakakosha kuti vafarire zvakanakisisa pamwoyo. Iwe unogona kuwana bhizimisi rakanakisisa, pamusorosoro hwakaderera, uye kana uchitungamirirwa nekutengesa, iwe uchava nenguva yakaoma nguva yekushandura kuenzana kwako mune mari chaiyo yenyika mari iwe unogona kuchengeta, kupedza, kudzorera, chipo, kana kupa.
Nhared mutual fund manager Peter Lynch aigara achitaura kuti vatengesi vanofanira kungotenga mabhizimisi zvakanaka zvokuti chero ipi zvayo inogona kuvamhanyira nokuti nokukurumidza kana kuti gare gare, mumwe achada. Mashoko akanaka ndeokuti vashambadziri vanogara vachiregerera kusaruramiswa kwemashure kwenguva refu. Mabhizimisi akakurumbira anokwanisa kumira zvakanyanya kushandiswa kuitira kuti zvigone kutengesa kunzwisisika mune zvakasimba izvo zvisinganyatsogoni kana injini yepamusoro yehupfumi isiri yakakwana.
Kunyange zvakadaro, iwe haufaniri kukanganwa: Zviitiko zvekare zvakazara nemamwe makambani akavimbisa akaunza kukanganisa zvachose kune vadzidzisi nekuda kwekusagadzikana kwekugadziriswa kwemari, kusarudzwa kwemazano, humba hwehumambo, huwandu hwehutongi huripo, kushandiswa kwesimba, nezvimwe zvitadzo. Tsika zvakanyanyisa kana iwe uchifunga kuti uri kutarisana nevaya vasingaremekedzi mari yako. Kana Vachigaro weMutungamiri wenyika vari kushandisa $ 6,000 pamapuranga egoridhe kana CEO iri kushandisa jet yekambani kubhururuka imbwa yake kumba kwezororo, inoratidza dambudziko rakadzika, retsika.