Njodzi Dzinongoitika Dzoga Njodzi Pfuma

by Kimberly Amadeo

Njodzi Dzinongoitika Dzega Chirwere Chikuru Kupfuura Ugandanga

Guru guru rezvemari Warren Buffett akati njodzi dzinongoitika dzoga dzine hupfumi hukuru kune hugandanga. Dzinosanganisira dutu, kudengenyeka kwenyika, mhirizhonga, mafashamo, kusanaya uye tsunami. Vanodhura indasitiri yemabhizimisi mabhiriyoni. Kana yakakura zvakakwana, inogona kuderedza hupfumi hwemari kwemakumi emakore.Iye inogona kukwidza zvokudya nehini yemari.

Kupisa kwepasi pose , maererano nekuongorora kweUN, kunowedzera njodzi dzinongoitika dzoga. Muna 2017, mhirizhonga nemhepo ine mhirizhonga yakaisa zvinyorwa zvitsva mukuparadzwa kwepanyika. Paiva nezviitiko gumi nematanhatu zvinodhura zvinodarika $ 1 biliyoni imwe neimwe, kusvika ma $ 306 mabhiriyoni.

Zvichida Mutongi weOmaha aibvumirana kuti hondo yekupisa kwepasi pose ndiyo inoshandiswa zviri nani yehurumende yemari kupfuura Hondo yeHurumende . Zvinyorwa pasi apa ndezvinguva dzine gumi nenjodzi dzinoparadza njodzi dzinongoitika dzoga.

01 Kudengenyeka kweJapan uye Tsunami - $ 235 Bhiriyoni

Upfumi hweJapan hwakanga huri kutyisidzirwa zvakanyanya nekudengenyeka kwenyika 9-magnitude uye tsunami yakaputira nyika musi waMarch 11. Inofungidzirwa kuti zviuru makumi maviri zvakafa, uye 500 000 vakadzingwa. Yakakanganisa chigadzirwa chemafuta enyukireya cheFukushima, chakakonzera mazaisai muPacific Ocean, ichikwidziridza maitiro kusvika 4 000 nguva yemutemo. Zvinogona kutora mwedzi kuti zvimise kuora. Mishonga inoratidzwa mumukaka uye mumiriwo, uye muchidimbu ichionekwa muTokyo mvura yekunwa. Bhenyika Yenyika inofungidzira kuti njodzi yeJapan ingada kutenga madhora mabhiriyoni 235, uye kutora makore mashanu kuvakazve.

02 Hurricane Katrina - $ 108 Bhiriyoni kusvika $ 250 Bhiriyoni

Sangano reNational Hurricane Centre rinofungidzira kuti mhepo inoparadza Katrina yakawirwa ne $ 108 mabhiriyoni, uye ine $ 80 biliyoni mune kurasikirwa kwakavimbiswa. Hafu yezvirasikirwa izvi yakaguma nemafashamo muNew Orleans. Yunivhesiti yeNorth Texas Bhizimisi Bernard Weinstein anoisa huwandu hwehupfumi huri pa $ 250 bhiriyoni.

03 Hurricane Harvey - $ 180 Bhiriyoni

Hurricane Harvey yaiva yeChitatu 4 dutu rakawira Texas paAugust 25, 2017. Yakakonzera $ 180 biliyoni mukuvadza. Yakabata vanhu gumi nemamiriyoni kubva kuTexas kuburikidza neLouisana, Mississippi, Tennessee neKentucky. Kubva musi waSeptember 9, 2017, vanhu 70 vakafa.

04 Hurricane Maria - $ 90 Bhiriyoni

Mhirizhonga Maria yaiva chikwata chechipiri apo yakakunda Dominica musi waSeptember 18, 2017. Musi waSeptember 20, yakaparadza muPuerto Rico, musha kune mamiriyoni 3.5 eMamerica. Kunyange zvazvo yakanga yakaderedzwa kuChitatu 4 dutu, inoramba ichidhura $ 90 mabhiriyoni mukukuvara. Imwe yehupfumi yehupfumi ndeye 64, asi kuongororwa kweNew York Times kwati inogona kuva 1,052.

05 Hurricane Irma - Zvichida $ 50 Bhiriyoni

Mhirizhonga Irma ndiyo yakasimba zvikuru yeAtlantic mhepo yakanyora yakanyorwa kare. Icho chakanga chiri chikamu chechishanu chechipiri apo chakaita kuti zviuye paBarbuda musi waSeptember 6, 2017. Mhepo dzacho dzaive nemakiromita 185 paawa kwemaawa makumi matatu nemaviri. Izvo zvakapfuura kupfuura dutu chero ripi zvaro rakanyorwa. Yakaenda kumaodzanyemba kweFlorida musi waSeptember 10, ichipa $ 50 bhiriyoni mukukuvara. Kana ikange ichinge ichirova Miami panzvimbo iyo, iyo mhirizhonga ingadai yawana $ 300 mabhiriyoni.

06 Hurricane Sandy - $ 50 Bhiriyoni

Mhirizhonga Sandy yakaenda kuNew Jersey musi waOctober 29, 2012. Yakange yakaderedzwa kusvika kunzvimbo inopisa, asi zvakadaro yakaita $ 50 biliyoni mukuvadza. Izvozvo ndezvekuti 12 1/2 netsoka dutu rinokwira. Yakakonzera kana kuparadza misha dzinopfuura 650 000 uye mamiriyoni masere vatengi vakarasa simba. Yakavhara NYSE kokutanga mumakore 27. Nhamba dzeNew Jersey dzemakambani evhariji dzakavharwa kwemazuva maviri. Dutu racho rakauraya vanhu 159 zvakananga kana zvakasiyana.

07 Hurricane Ike - $ 29.5 Bhiriyoni

Dutu guru Ike rinodhura $ 29.5 biliyoni. Yakakonzera mapaipi muGulf of Mexico uye yakaparadza 10 Gulf offshore mafuta rigs. Zvose makumi maviri nemasere makumi maviri nematanhatu (Texas)-based based oil refineries zvakavharwa. Iyi chikamu cheTexas chinotora chikamu chechina cheUnited oil chisina kuchena uye kugadzirwa kwekunatsa. Somugumisiro, mafuta emotokari akadhura $ 5 negori, zvichiita kuti hurumende izarurire Strategic Petroleum Reserves .

08 Hurricane Irene - $ 15.8 Bhiriyoni

Mhirizhonga Irene yakarovera Outer Banks yeNorth Carolina musi waAugust 26, 2011. Yaiva chikamu chepiri panguva iyo yakagadzirisa nyika.

Hurricane inorasikirwa nesimba apo inofamba pamusoro penyika, saka Irene akava Chikamu 1 panguva yakasvika kuNew York musi waAugust 27, uye dutu rinopisa panguva iyo yakasvika kuNew England neSvondo. Irene ndiyo yaiva dutu guru rekurova muBoston kubva muna 1991.

Irene akauraya vanhu vanenge makumi maviri uye akasiya mazana mana emamiriyoni asina simba. Kuparara kwepfuma kwaiva $ 15.8 mabhiriyoni. University of Maryland economist Peter Morici akafungidzira huwandu hwehupfumi huri pa $ 45 mabhiriyoni.

09 Kudengenyeka kweHaiti - $ 8.5 Bhiriyoni

Pakati pe200 000-250,000 vanhu vakaurayiwa nekutengesa kwenyika 7.3 kukunda kwakaparadza Haiti munaJanuary 2010. Iyo yaiva 2 muzana yeHaiti yevanhu vane mamiriyoni gumi. Sangano reIntern-American Development rakataridzira kuti rakadhura $ 8,5 mabhiriyoni mukukuvara kwehupfumi hweHaiti. Kudengenyeka kwenyika kwakaita kuti GDP yenyika iwirirane ne100 muzana gore iroro.

10 Tornado Kubuda - $ 5 Bhiriyoni

Dutu guru rekudengenyeka kwenyika muAmerica rakaitika musi waApril 25-27, 2011. Muvhiki iyoyo, makumi matatu nemakumi matatu nemapfumbamwe akaparara kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero, achiputsa rekodhi ye1974 yezvinyorwa zvema 267. Kuparara kwakakonzera $ 5 bhiriyoni mukukuvara. Imwe nyanzvi yakabhurwa muna 1999 inodhura $ 1 bhiriyoni chete. Kunyange zvazvo nyanzvi dzisingabvumirani, pane chikonzero chekutenda kuti kuputika uku kunodhura kuchawedzera.

11 Iceland Volcano - $ 5 Bhiriyoni

Gomo reIceland. (Mufananidzo: AFP)

Makomo emakomo uye madota kubva musi waMay 21, 2011, kuputika muIceland kwakavhundutsa mhepo yekutengesa muScotland, Ireland, France uye dzimwe hubs muchamhembe kweEuropean Union . Kunyange zvazvo kuputika kweGrimsvotn kwakakura kudarika gore rapfuura, rakanga risina kuparadza mune zvemari. Izvozvo ndezvokuti mhangura yakanga isiri yakaoma, uye yakapararira nyore nyore.

Iceland's 2010 Eyjafjallajökull kuputika kwemakomo kwakapfigira mapurisa eEurope kwemazuva matanhatu, kutengesa ndege dzinodarika $ 200 mamiriyoni pazuva. Vakanga vasiri inshuwarisi nekuda kwekurasikirwa uku.

Kuputika kwegomo reIceland kunopisa mhizha yefambiro. Inobhadhara $ 1 triloni kuhupfumi hweEurope gore negore. Kubhururuka kwe2010 kunodhura mari yekufambisa $ 5 biliyoni kusvika ku $ 10 biliyoni pavhiki. Apo mhepo yekufambisa muEurope inonoka, inotyisidzira zvinopfuura kungovatasvi. Kusvikira makumi mana kubva muzana zvezvinhu zvepasi nekukosha kunofamba nemhepo. Makambani ekushandisa zvinodhaka, kutengeswa kwemazuva ekutengeserana kwepamusoro-soro, uye michina ye premium yakadai seyakanaka yeScottch whiskeys yose inogara pamaharapu apo magwenga evharidzirwa akavharwa.

12 Mvura yeMafashamo yaMisissippi - $ 2 Bhiriyoni

Rwizi rwa2011 Mississippi Rwizi rwakave chiitiko chemakore 500. Zvose zvakashata zvemari zvinogona kusvika kune mabhiriyoni akawanda. Sei? Rwizi rwe Mississippi runotanga mapurazi akapfuura uye maguta mumatanhatu matanhatu. Kuparadza kukuru kwemafashamo kunogona kuuya apo inopinda muNew Orleans, ichiri kudzoka kubva kune dutu guru Katrina .

13 Gorosi Yakasviba - Kusvika $ 1 Bhiriyoni

Dust Bowl yaiva nzvimbo muMidwest yakaparadzwa nemakore ekuma1930. Yaiva yakaoma kwazvo muNorth America mumakore mazana matatu.

Mamiriro emamiriro okunze pamusoro peAtlantic nePacific Oceans akanga achinja. IPacific yakakura ichitonhora uye Atlantic yakava inopisa. Izvozvo zvakaderera uye zvakachinja kutungamira kwejet stream. Apo rwizi rwaJet rakatamira kumaodzanyemba, mvura kubva Gulf of Mexico haina kusvika kuGreat Plains.

Kusanaya kwekupedzisira kwakaparadza zviyo izvo zvaiwanzochengeta ivhu panzvimbo. Mhepo yakavhuvhuta yakakura yakawanda masikati eguruva. Yakaisa mound yemafuta pane zvose, kunyange kuvhara dzimba. Guruva rakaparadza chikamu chikuru chekubudisa kwekurima kweUnited States. Izvozvo zvakakuvadza zvikuru Kuora Kwekukuru .

14 Kuchinja Kwepasi Munyika Kunowedzera Njodzi Dzinongoitika Dzoga Here?

Pakazosvika 1956 kusvika ku55, kupisa kwepasi kwepasi kwakawedzera .13 ° C kwemakore gumi nerimwe. Izvi zvingaita sokuti hazvina zvakawanda, asi izvi zvinowedzera kaviri yemakore zana kubva 1906 kusvika muna 2005. Antarctic glaciers iri kurasikirwa mashoma pamutengo "unoshamisa kwazvo". Mifananidzo yemapuraneti yakatorwa pakati pe1992 na1996 yakaratidza kuti Pine Island Glacier yakanga ichirasikirwa nehuwandu kanomwe ka2pamhanhu kupfuura yevhareji pamusoro pemakore 5 000 apfuura.

Kupisa kwakakwirira kunokonzera kurasikirwa kwematanda kuonga bark beetle, uye zvinotyisa zvematongerwo enyika. Mugumisiro? Zvimwe zvinowanzoitika uye zvinokonzera njodzi dzinongoitika dzoga.