Nyika yepamusoro yegumi palladium vatengesi
Kunyange zvazvo nheyo yepamusoro yakagadziriswa palladium yakakonzerwa nemamiriyoni matanhatu emamiriyoni muna 2012, rekodhi yekudiwa kwevanhu vanopera mahara palladium uye kuwedzera kwekutsvaga kwekutsvaga kudai kwakakonzera mutengesi kuva mucheche wegore.
Pakazosvika gore ra2012, nyika yose palladium inowanika yakawirwa ne11 muzana kusvika yakaderera zvikuru kubva muna 2002. Yaiva chikamu chekudonhoka kwemazana matatu muRussia kubva kune kuregerera mararamiro ore uye nepfumbamwe muhope muSouth Africa palladium inokonzerwa nekurova uye basa kumira.
Nhamba dzekushandiswa pasi apa dzinogadzirwa kubva kumakambani egore negore nemapurisa aripo anowanika kubva kune webhusaiti yevhidhiyo (yakabva kune rimwe rega regore rezvemari gore rekubudisa nhamba nhamba). Yakanatswa platinum yokubudisa nhamba yekambani imwe neimwe inogona kuwanikwa kunze kwezita rekambani.
01 Norilsk Nickel - 2,731,000 ozs
MMC Norilsk Nickel ("Norilsk") ndiyo inokonzera nickel yakawanda pasi rose (inofanirwa ne17 muzana yekushambadzira kwenyika yose) uye palladium (41 muzana), uye mutemi wepamusoro gumi wemhangura . Nhengo dzekambani dzakakosha uye platinum boka resimbi semidziyo-kubva kumigodhi yayo kuTaimyr neKola Peninsulas (zvose muRussia) uye kubva kumigodhi muBotswana nekuSouth Africa. Norilsk, kambani yakakura yekumigodha yeRussia, uye inowedzera uye inogadzira cobalt , sirivha , ndarama, tellurium , uye selenium sezvi-zvinowanikwa.
Nhoroondo yekambani: Norilsk Nickel
Website Website: Norilsk Nickel
02 Anglo Platinum - 1,395,000 ozs
Zvinhu zveAnglo American Platinum Limited (Amplats) zvinosanganisira gumi nemigodhi yakagadzirirwa, pamwe chete nemigodhi yakawanda yekubatana uye migodi inobatanidza kuSouth Africa uye muZimbabwe. Mazhinji emvura kubva mumigodhi iyi inoshandiswa pane imwe yeAmplats '14 inogadziriswa pachedu isati yatumidzwa pane imwe yezvinhu zvitatu zvekunatswa kwekambani muSouth Africa. Kunyange zvazvo zvakagadziridzwa zvakagadziriswa palladium zvakakonzerwa kubva pa 1.43 mamiriyoni muna 2011 maunces kusvika pamamiriyoni 1,395 mamiriyoni muna 2012, Amplats akagara ari wechipiri mupamhi wepasi pose wechigadzirwa chesimbi.
Nhoroondo yeChishanu: Anglo American plc
Website Website: Anglo American
03 Impala Platinum - 1,020,000 ozs
Impala Platinum's (Implats) maitiro anotarisana neBushveld Complex muSouth Africa uye Great Dyke muZimbabwe. Imwe nyanzvi yekushanda inoshandiswa nekambani iri kumucheto wekumadokero we Complex pedyo neRustenburg. Implats inewo yega yega 73 muzana mu Marula kumucheto wekumabvazuva. MuZimbabwe, kambani inoshanda Zimplats uye inofarira Mimosa Platinum.
Impala Refining Services (IRS) inogadzira uye inogadzirisa simbi kubva kune imwe nhengo yekambani pamwe chete nezvinhu zvakatengwa kumakambani evanhu vatatu.
Company Profile: Impala Platinum Holdings Ltd.
Website Website: Impala Platinum Holdings Ltd.
04 Lonmin PLC - 331,000 ozs
Lonmin yakatanga kushandiswa seLondon neRhodesian Mining uye Land Company Ltd. (Lonrho) muna 1909. Kuita kwekutanga kwekambani - yemugove weMarikana - uri kumucheto wekumadokero weimba yeBushveld. Orosi yakabudiswa neLonmin inotumirwa kunharaunda yeLonmin iyo inoshandiswa pane zvigadzirwa zvesimbi, kusanganisira mhangura uye nickel, zvinotorwa vasati vatsveneswa kusimbi pamwe chete nedzimwe platinum boka masimbi, palladium, rhodium , ruthenium , uye iridium .
Website yekambani: Lonmin PLC
05 Stillwater Mining - 258,000 ozs
Stillwater Mining Company nderimwe remabhii maviri chete anonzi palladium vatori venyika. Nzvimbo huru yemakambani iri iri pamwe chete nemakiromita anenge 28-marefu-JM Reef ore muMontana, iyo inowanzobatwa ne palladium, platinum uye chidimbu chiduku che rhodium. Stillwater Mining Company inoshandisa minda miviri pasi pevhu - East Boulder uye Stillwater - pamwe neJM Reef. Inogadziriswa kubva munzvimbo dzemigodhi, pamwe chete nechochoko chinogadzirisa zvinhu zvekudzokorora, zvinoshandiswa pa smelter yekambani muColumbus, Montana.
Website Website: Still Water Mining
06 Vale SA - 251,000 ozs
Vale SA ndiyo ikambani inonyanya kukosha yekambani yekumigodhi, iyo inotungamirira mutori wensimbi iron uye pellets uye wechipiri mukuru wepasi wenyika. Sezvo nickel ores dzakawanda dzinewo PGMs, Vale inogona kubvisa palladium se-inogadzirwa nickel yekuchenesa. Kambani inotora PGM ine concentrates kubva kuSburybury, Canada inosvika kune imwe nzvimbo yekugadzirisa muPort Colborne, Ontario, iyo inobereka PGMs, ndarama, uye sirivha pakati pemiti. Izvo, pamwe chete nekugadziriswa uye kugadziriswa kwezvinhu zvakabatwa kubva kumapoka asina kubatana, anotumirwa kunatswa kweVale mu Acton, England, kwavanoshandiswa kuva yakachena-yakachena michina.
Profile Company: Vale SA
Website Website: Vale SA
07 Aquarius Platinum - 238,000 ozs
Aquarius Platinum Ltd. inofarira mune zvinomwe dzimba muSouth Africa neZimbabwe, mbiri dzayo dziripo zvino. IKroondal neMimosa migodi ndeyokuti, iyo inowanikwa, iri muBushveld Complex (South Africa) uye Great Dyke (Zimbabwe). Ore inotumirwa kune maviri metallurgical concentrator mbeu dziri panzvimbo iyo, iyo inobatanidza mwedzi wega wega mamita 570 000. Aquarius anewo 91.7 muzana mubato muPlatinum Mile, nzvimbo yekutsvaira chivako panzvimbo yeAmplats Rustenburg Mine apo mares tailings anogona kushandiswa uye kuongororwa.
Website yekambani: Aquarius Platinum
08 North America Palladium - 163,000 ozs
North America Palladium, pamwe chete naCaswater Mining, ndiyo chete inowanikwa mumapallidium pasi pose. Kambani inoshanda mhepo yeLac des Iles (LDI), iri kuchamhembe kweOntario, iyo yakatanga kushandiswa muna 1993. Mamidi eLDI ari kuwedzera kuwedzera neNorth American Palladium inotarisa kuwanda kwemafuta 250 000 e palladium gore rapedza.
Website website: North Aquarium Palladium
09 Northam - 96,000 ozs
Northam inosanganiswa nePGM muveki nemabasa ekutenderera kuBushveld Complex muSouth Africa. Imwe nzvimbo huru yekambani iyi ine Zondereinde platinum yemugove wega wega uye metallurgical complex, iyo inobudisa inenge 300 000 ozs yePGM inowedzera gore negore. Booysendal, muto wechipiri weN Northam, iri pachikwata chakakura chekuvaka uye inotarisirwa kubudisa humwe huwandu hwe 160 000 ozs yePGMs kana ichishanda zvizere. Kunatswa kwePGM kunonyanya kuitika pasi pesangano neWC Heraeus (Germany) uye inopihwa kwevhiki nevhiki kunzvimbo yeHeraeus Hanau apo platinum, palladium, rhodium, ndarama, sirivha, ruthenium uye iridium dzose dzakaparadzana. Kushanda naHerae, Northam zvakare inovandudza uye inotengesa PGM yakabudiswa kubva paPlatmin's Pilanesberg Mine.
Website Website: Northam
10 Xstrata - 43,000 ozs
Musati musangana neGlencore kuti muve GlencoreXstrata muna 2013, bhizinesi rePGM raXstrata rakange riri pamigodhi miviri yePGM muSouth Africa uye zvinhu zvakagadzirwa sezvi-michina kubva kuCanada nickel operation. IEland neMototolo migodi - iyi yekupedzisira kubatana pamwe neAnglo Platinum - iri pedyo neEastern Limb yeBushveld Complex. Motolo yakataura pamusoro pe 60 000 ozs yeCidstrat's platinum yakagadzirwa yakagadzirwa muna 2012, uye munguva pfupi ichangopfuura iine shafts maviri muEland yakatanga kugadzirwa. Izvi zvinotarisirwa kuti zvizadzike zvizere muna 2018. Xstrata anowedzerawo PGM kubva kune nickel sulfide ores muSudbury Basin, kuCanada.
Website Website: Xstrata
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