Nhoroondo
Kuuya kwekutengeserana kwekutengeserana kwemazana ekupedzisira kwezana remakore rechi19 kwakaguma nekugadzirwa kweSir Henry Bessemer nzira yakanakisisa yekuderedza carbon dial in cast iron. Nokuderedza kuwanda kwekabhoni musimbi kune anenge 2 muzana, zvakanyanya kuoma uye zvimwe zvisingagoni kushandiswa zvigadzirwa zvemuchina zvesimbi zvinogadzirwa.
Zvisinei, nokuda kwema 360 ekuona History of steel, iwe uchadzoka shure makore 4 000 kusvika pakutanga kwe Iron Age. Siriri yave iri nesu kwenguva refu.
Kugadzirwa
Nhasi, yakawanda simbi inobudiswa nehutano hwemhepo yakasviba (inozivikanwawo seyokutanga oxymaking steelmaking kana BOS). BOS inoshandisa zita rayo kubva pane imwe nzira inoda kuti okisijeni inomanikidzwe mumidziyo mikuru ine simbi yakaumbwa nesimbi yakasvibirira.
Kunyange zvazvo BOS inoshandisa chikamu chikuru chekugadzirwa kwensimbi pasi rose, kushandiswa kwemagetsi emagetsi eElectric (EAF) kwave kuchikura kubva kumazana ekutanga kwezana remakore rechi20 uye ikozvino inosvika chikamu chetatu chezvinhu zvose zvekugadzira.
Makoro
Maererano neWorld Steel Association, kune zviyero zvinopfuura 3 500 zvakasiyana-siyana zvesimbi , inosanganisira maitiro akasiyana-siyana, emakemikari, uye zvakatipoteredza. Iwe unogona kunge uchishamisika kuti kunogona sei kuva nemakero akasiyana-siyana ematanda apo simbi inongogadzirwa chete nedare uye kabhoni.
Izvi ndizvo zvinoreva kuti, huwandu hwekakisi, pamwe chete nehuwandu hwoutsvina uye humwe humwe huripo humwe hutsvene, hutsanangurira nzvimbo yega yega yega yesimbi, uye iyo inosanganiswa inosvika yakawanda kwazvo nhamba. Simba rekutengeserana rinowanzoiswa muzvikwata zvina zvichienderana nehutano hwavo hwesimbi uye kushandiswa kwekupedzisira-kushandiswa:
- Carbon Steels (iyo inosanganisira low carbon, medium carbon, uye high carbon steels)
- Alloy Steels (iyo inosanganisira zvigadzirwa zvakadai zvinowanikwa sealinanese , silicon , nickel , uye chromium )
- Stainless Steels (iyo inenge inenge 10 muzana yechromium uye inorondedzerwa sechinhu chinoshandiswa, chinyorwa, uye martensitic)
- Nzvimbo Dzakadzika (iyo inofanirwa kuve yakashongedzwa nehutano hwepamusoro uye zvigadzirwa zvakaoma, zvakadai se molybdenum uye tungsten )
Sirasi ine zvinyorwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvealloy, izvo zvinobvumira kuti zvive nemichina yakasiyana-siyana.
Properties
Mhando dzakasiyana dzesimbi dzinobudiswa maererano nezvinodiwa zvekushandiswa kwavo, uye zvirongwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvekugadzira zvinoshandiswa kusiyanisa zvivako zvinobva pane izvi, izvo zvinosanganisira kuwanda, kusakatika, kunyauka, hutsika hutsika, simba, uye kuoma (pakati pevamwe). Kuita zvipiko zvakasiyana, vashandi vanosiyana-siyana nehuwandu hwehuwandu hwezvinhu zvesimbi, nzira yekugadzira, uye nzira iyo mahofisi anoshandiswa kuita michina yakasiyana.
Maererano neAmerican Iron and Steel Institute (AISI), mahofisi anogona kuiswa mumapoka mana zvichienderana nemakemikari avo:
- Carbon Steels
- Alloy Steels
- Stainless Steels
- Tool Steels
Applications
Iyo inzvimbo yesimbi iyo yakaita kuti ive yakanyanya kudhindiswa uye yakawanda yakashandiswa zvinhu zvesimbi pasi pano. Kubva pakasina tsvina uye yepamusoro-kutema mahofisi kusvika kune zvinhu zvakagadzirwa nekakoni, michina yakasiyana-siyana yesimbi uye yakasiyana-siyana inopa zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana kuti zvizadzise zvakasiyana siyana zvekushanda. Nokuda kwezvikonzero izvi, pamwe chete nesimbi yekubatanidzwa kwesimba rakakwirira uye mari shoma shoma yekugadzira, Shanduro dzinoshandiswa dzinoita simbi inogara yakasimba uye inogadzirwa nesimbi inoshandiswa mazuva ano mune zvigadzirwa zvakawanda.